scholarly journals La transe vaudouesque : un syndrome de déviance psycho-culturelle

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-70
Author(s):  
Emerson Douyon
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Spirit Possession ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Deviant Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Structure ◽  
Principal Aspect ◽  
Group B

Abstract SPIRIT POSSESSION: A PSYCHO-CULTURAL SYNDROME OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR The Voodoo trance represents the principal aspect of deviant behaviour among coloured people. This tricky phenomenon, always considered a challenge to any scientific explanation, was subjected to an experimental analysis. We wanted to find out what the trance performers have in common and to check whether a typical psychological structure could be associated with their deviant behaviour. The sample included forty-four subjects divided into three categories: a) a ritual group, b) a non-ritual group, c) a control group. No male subject was used because very few men are ever possessed by spirits. Every subject was submitted to a preliminary medical check-up (physical, neurological and laboratory tests), and to a series of psychological examinations (Raven, Goldstein-Scheerer, Sacks, Rorschach, autobiographical and personality questionnaires). The findings of the neurologist, the pathologist and the laboratory were completely negative as far as somatic predisposition to trance was concerned. But evidence of significant differences between the experimental and the control groups was demonstrated on the basis of personality tests and autobiographical questionnaires. Spirit possession, to be induced, requires not only specific conditioning experiences, but also a disturbed, anxious and depressed personality. The non-ritual form does not imply a higher degree of pathology. An intimate relationship between possession, states of depression and suicide has been indicated. The trance seems to be the only alternative for the neutralization of hostile feelings, either directed to the self or to others. The inhibitory effect of possession could finally prove to be a factor in reducing criminality in Haiti.

Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on the Pharmacokinetics of Ticagrelor in Vivo and Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Hu ◽  
Ying-hui Li ◽  
Nan-Yong Gao ◽  
Guo-quan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group B

This study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and the metabolism of ticagrelor in human CYP3A4 and liver microsomes. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group), group B (50mg/kg resveratrol), and group C (150mg/kg resveratrol ). After 30 minutes administration of resveratrol, a single dose of ticagrelor (18mg/kg) was administered orally. The vitro experiment was performed to examine the influence of resveratrol on ticagrelor metabolism in CYP3A4*1, human, and rat liver microsomes. Serial biological samples were assayed by validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. In vivo study, the AUC and Cmax of ticagrelor in group B and C appeared to be significantly higher than the control group, while Vz/F and CLz/F of ticagrelor in group B and C were significantly decreased. In vitro study, resveratrol exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4*1, human and rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 56.75μM，69.07μM and 14.22μM, respectively. Our results indicated that resveratrol had a inhibitory effect on the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro and vivo. It should be paid more attention to the clinical combination of resveratrol with ticagrelor and ticagrelor plasma concentration should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction.

Alterations of skin glycosaminoglycans in patients with ALS

Neurology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ono ◽  
T. Imai ◽  
A. Aso ◽  
T. Yamano ◽  
N. Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

Background and Objective: Collagen abnormalities of skin have been reported among patients with ALS. However, little is known concerning glycosaminoglycans of the skin in ALS. Our objective was to clarify morphologic and biochemical findings of skin glycosaminoglycans among patients with ALS.Methods: We performed morphologic studies and biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycans of skin from 8 patients with ALS, 6 patients with other neurologic or muscular diseases (control group A), and 7 patients without neurologic disorders (control group B).Results: The wide spaces that separate collagen bundles reacted strongly with Alcian blue stain in skin from patients with ALS and stained more markedly as ALS progressed. Staining with Alcian blue was virtually eliminated by Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The content of hyaluronic acid was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among patients with ALS than in control groups A and B. There was a significant positive correlation between content of hyaluronic acid and duration of illness among patients with ALS (r = 0.88, p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in content of dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate-4S, or chondroitin sulfate-6S between patients with ALS and control groups A and B. There was also an appreciable positive correlation between optical density of Alcian blue and content of hyaluronic acid among patients with ALS (r = 0.92, p < 0.01).Conclusions: The data suggest that a metabolic alteration of glycosaminoglycans related to the increased amount of hyaluronic acid may take place in the skin of patients with ALS.

The A1-A2 Diameter Ratio May Influence Formation and Rupture Potential of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms

Neurosurgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno C. Flores ◽  
William W. Scott ◽  
Christopher S. Eddleman ◽  
H. Hunt Batjer ◽  
Kim L. Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Digital Subtraction Angiography ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Posterior Circulation Aneurysms ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract BACKGROUND: Specific morphological factors contribute to the hemodynamics of the anterior communicating artery (AComA). No study has examined the role of the A2 segment on AComA aneurysm presence and rupture. OBJECTIVE: To examine the possibility that the ratio between A1 and A2 segments (A1-2 ratio) represents an independent risk factor for presence and rupture of AComA aneurysms (AComAAs). METHODS: A retrospective review of an institutional aneurysm database was performed; patients with ruptured and unruptured AComAAs were identified. Two control groups were selected: group A (posterior circulation aneurysms) and group B (patients without intracranial aneurysms or other vascular malformations). Measurements of A1 and A2 diameters were obtained from digital subtraction angiography (64.1% of 3-D rotational digital subtraction angiography), and the A1-2 ratio calculated. RESULTS: From January 2009 to April 2011, 156 patients were identified (52 AComAAs, 54 control group A, and 50 control group B). Mean age at the time of presentation was 56.09 years. Compared with both control groups, patients with AComAAs had greater A1 diameter (P &lt; .01) and A1-2 ratio (P &lt; .001) and smaller A2 diameter (P &lt; .01). The A1-2 ratio correlated positively with the presence of AComAAs (P &lt; .001). Ruptured AComAAs were smaller than unruptured ones (5.91 mm vs 9.25 mm, P = .02) and associated with a higher A1-2 Ratio (P = .02). The presence of a dominant A1 did not predict AComAA rupture (P = .15). The A1-2 ratio correlated positively with the presence of ruptured AComAAs (P = .04). CONCLUSION: A1-2 ratio correlates positively with the presence and rupture of AComAAs and may facilitate treatment decision in cases of small, unruptured AComAAs.

scholarly journals Posters in Vocabulary Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Dhia Alsalihi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

An essential element in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning is vocabulary. There is a big emphasis on learning the new words' meaning from the books or inside classrooms. Also, it is a major part of language teaching as well as being fundamental to the learner but there is a big challenge in vocabulary instruction due to the weak confidence by teachers in selecting the suitable practice in teaching vocabulary or they sometimes unable to specify a suitable time for it during the teaching process. The major aim of this study is to investigate the value of posters in vocabulary learning on the 2nd grade students at Halemat Alsaadia High School in Baghdad – Iraq. It hypothesized that there are no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups' scores in the post-test. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups out of four groups. Group A which represents the control group are taught without using posters, and group B which represents the experimental group is taught by using posters. The whole number of participated students is 62 students. The control group is (32) , and the experimental group is (30) students. Students were subjected to pre and posttests. The researcher used the T-test for two independent samples to know the equivalent between the experimental and control groups in the pre-test. The researcher used chi-square to find out statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups' variables of mothers and fathers' academic achievement. The results of the post-test shown that there are differences between the experimental and control groups for the favor of the experimental group. It is concluded that teaching vocabulary by using posters proved to be more useful for the students of Intermediate school than through taught without using posters. This adequacy of using posters is clear on developing both memorizing and written achievement. The present study suggests that English teachers in Iraq need to activate their students' minds and memorization through using posters and recommends that other researchers to research the effectiveness of Facebook and social media in increasing English language vocabulary learning.

Effects of Moxibustion on Cellular Immunocomptence of γ-Irradiated Mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dou-Mong Hau ◽  
Jing-Chong Wu ◽  
Yung-Hsien Chang ◽  
Jen-Tzw Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Group B

The effects of moxibustion on cellular immunocompetence of γ-irradiated mice were investigated in this study. A total of 240 male young mice (ICR strain), 6–8 weeks of age, were chosen and divided into three groups. Group A was the normal control. Group B, the experimental control, was treated with 400 rad whole body γ-irradiation. Group C, the experimental group, was treated with moxibustion (MT) after being exposed to γ-irradiation. Six to eight mice from each group were sacrified on days 1, 5, 12, 19, 26 and 33 post-irradiation. The body and splenic weights of mice in each group were measured. The cellular immunocompetence was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake in each experimental mouse. The results revealed that 400 rad of γ-ray irridiation inhibited the increase of body and splenic weights, and exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on the incorporative rates of 3H-thymidine after being stimulated by mitogens such as PHA, PWM, Con A and LPS in the splenic lymphoid cells. MT seemed to help the recovery of the cellular immunocompetence in the γ-ray irradiated mice.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

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