scholarly journals El sector del ganado porcino en España: caracterización, producción, comercio y repercusiones ambientales derivadas / / / \ \ \ The pig sector in Spain: characterization, production, trade and derived environmental problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Rubén Giménez García ◽  
Cayetano Espejo Marín ◽  
Ramón García Marín ◽  
Víctor Ruiz Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
European Level ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Resumen: La producción española de carne de cerdo no deja de crecer en los últimos años. Los animales sacrificados en España suponen el 21,5 % del total de la Unión Europea. Esta bonanza se debe al buen ritmo de crecimiento de las exportaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la evolución reciente de este sector ganadero en España. Se analizan indicadores como el censo de animales y su tipología, la evolución de granjas productoras, la modalidad de explotación, su reparto y distribución espacial, así como la producción y comercialización de productos derivados. España es el cuarto país productor a nivel mundial, después de China, Estados Unidos y Alemania, mientras que a nivel europeo ocupa la segunda plaza en producción, con un 19 % de las toneladas de carne producidas, y el primer puesto en censo, con cerca del 21 % del ganado porcino comunitario. No obstante, la producción porcina es considerada como una de las actividades pecuarias con mayor impacto ambiental.   Palabras clave: ganadería, sector porcino, comercialización, consumo.   Abstract: Spanish pork production has not stopped growing in recent years. Sacrifices in Spain account for 21,5 % of the total in the EU. This development is due to the good growth rate of exports. The objective of this paper is to explore the recent evolution of the livestock sector in Spain. Indicators such as the census of animals and their typology, the evolution of producing farms, the mode of exploitation, their spatial distribution, as well as the production and marketing of derived products are analyzed. Spain is the fourth largest producer in the world, after China, the US and Germany, while at the European level it occupies the second place in production, with 19 % of the tons of meat produced, and the first place in the census, with about 21 % of community pigs. However, pig production is considered one of the livestock activities with the greatest environmental impact.   Key words: livestock, pig sector, marketing, consumption.

scholarly journals Tendencje na rynku mięsa wieprzowego na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2000-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Stańko ◽  
Aneta Mikuła
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
World Production ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

The study presents changes in the world pork market and in Poland in the years 2000-2016. Changes in the main producers and consumers, as well as exporters and importers were presented. The major global producers of pork are China, the EU, USA, Brazil, Russia and Vietnam, which in 2016 produced 88.2% of total world production. In the world’s major pork producers (except China), consumption growth was slower than production growth, which increased their export capacity. In the years 2000-2016, the growth rate of international trade was higher than production, what led to an increase in the share of exports in production. Global pork exports is characterized by a large and growing concentration rate. In 2016, 37.6% of exports came from the EU, 28.5% from the USA, 15.9% from Canada and 10% from Brazil (total 92% of exports). World pork imports were characterized by a much greater dispersion than exports. Pork prices have shown an upward trend. In Poland there was a downward trend in pork production and growth in consumption, which caused that since 2008 Poland is a net importer of pork. Poland will remain a net importer of pork in the medium term.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

The World Economy

2004 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 8-35
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Recovery ◽  
The Eu

The two key factors underlying our forecast this quarter are the continued depreciation of the US$, which is about 4½ per cent weaker in effective terms than in October and 18 per cent below its recent peak in early 2002, and the emergence of what appears to be a sustainable recovery in Japan. Our projections for world growth this year incorporate significant upward revisions for the world's two largest economies, the US and Japan, while the outlook for the EU and Canada remains largely unchanged, although they also gain modest support from stronger demand in the US and Asia.

scholarly journals The Pandemic and the Crisis in the System of International Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Al. A. Gromyko
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Strategic Autonomy ◽  
The Eu

The research is focused on several key problems in the system of international relations influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that the events caused by it and broadly identified as a coronacrisis have a direct impact on the world economic contradictions (pandenomica) and political ones, including the sphere of security. These particular aspects are chosen as the main objects of the research. The author contends that the factor of the pandemic has sharpened the competition between regional and global players and has increased the role of a nation- state. In the conditions of transregional deglobalisation, regionalism and “protectionism 2.0” get stronger under the banners of “strategic vulnerability” and “economic sovereignty”. A further weakening of multilateral international institutions continues. The EU endeavours to secure competitive advantages on the basis of relocalisation, industrial and digital policies and the Green Deal. The article highlights the deterioration in the relations among Russia, the US, the EU and China, the unfolding decoupling between Washington and its European allies, which stimulates the idea of the EU strategic autonomy. An urgent need for the deconfliction in Russia – NATO interaction is stated.

European Union and China Relations in the Light of Changing Global Order

2020 ◽  
pp. 417-434
Author(s):  
Sedef Eylemer ◽  
Elif Cemre Besgur
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Relationship Context ◽  
Normative Identity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
Trade Wars ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU), United States (US), and China are the main global drivers of the international trade system. However, trade wars between them create tensions in the world. As the world is facing increasing neo-protectionist trade applications of the Trump administration, this chapter analyses whether a greater convergence between China and the EU is possible for protecting multilateralism through two case studies, namely (1) market conditions and discrimination, (2) cybersecurity. In this context, the chapter argues that although the US pressure has led the EU to rapprochement with China, this situation creates a dilemma for the EU in terms of the fears about the problems of alignment with the normative identity of the EU. Whereas the EU aims at regulating the global trade on a normative basis originating from its acquis, China has a more strategic perspective based upon specific relationship context. It is difficult to take a side for the EU due to its different standpoint compared to China in defending the multilateral trading system.

Fünfzig Jahre nach Rom: Ist die EU ein Binnenmarkt?

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf J. Langhammer
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Law Of One Price ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Eu

AbstractFifty years after the Rome Treaties, is there empirical evidence for arguing that the EU today is a fully integrated goods and services market in which the “law of one price” prevails at large? Based on a number of consumer price surveys for goods and services in major cities all over the world since the seventies and, comparing the EU to a benchmark, the US market, the paper is affirmative. Price dispersion between EU cities has declined with the Eurozone as the core EU region in the lead surrounded by two concentric circles. EU goods price dispersion has generally approximated the level in the US market. Yet, price dispersion has declined throughout the world underlining the relevance of global integration rather than only regional integration. Furthermore, there is ample evidence that gravity factors against the “law of one price”, such as distance costs and borders, are still effective.

The World Economy

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 8-33
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Cyclical Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Risks of a US driven slowdown in world activity have receded in the past few months, as US consumer demand remains robust. However, a worsened outlook for Germany and Japan suggests that the recovery will be more gradual than previously anticipated, in part as a consequence of the strengthening of the euro and the yen against the dollar in recent months. We estimate that world growth recorded a modest improvement in 2002, rising to 2.7 per cent from 2.2 per cent in 2001. However, regional cyclical variation increased last year. While 2001 saw a sharp slowdown in growth across all the major regions of the world, with the world's three largest economies recording outright recessions, growth accelerated last year in the US, China and Dynamic Asia, but slowed further in the EU, Japan and South America.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Coalition Approach in US Policy on the Integration Processes in Europe in the Post-Bipolar Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Olha Y. Kravchuk ◽  
Volodymyr I. Zabolotnyuk ◽  
Yuliia V. Kobets ◽  
Oksana I. Lypchuk ◽  
Ivanna I. Lomaka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the impact of the coalition approach in US policy on integration processes in Europe in the post-bipolar era. The aim of this article was to identify the peculiarities of the political situation in the world after a period of escalation of the nuclear conflict. It involved an analysis of sources in the field of coalition approach research in the United States, as well as a comparison of its impact on the political situation and European Union law. The author concluded that there is a lack of proper research in the field of the impact of the coalition approach in US policy in the post-bipolar era, and its impact on integration processes in Europe. Comparing the experience of the EU and the US, it was determined that the awareness of nuclear danger affected the development of a coalition approach in US policy. The study resulted in the identified specifics of the EU’s security policy under the influence of the US coalition approach, where the need to ensure stability and armed security is crucial. Prospects for further research include identifying US influence on Eastern countries.

scholarly journals MODERN CRYPTOECONOMICS: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Antonina D. Levashenko ◽  
Ivan S. Ermokhin
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Terrorist Financing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Due to increasing interest around the world about crypto-currency there is a growing need among authorities for understanding the approaches to regulate the new phenomenon. Analysis of international experience in the regulation of crypto-currencies and other cryptoactive assets shows that regulators are now trying to reduce the risks associated with the violation of public interests - the risks of erosion of the tax base and money laundering and terrorist financing. The article provides information on the approaches of the EU, the US and other OECD countries to the regulation of crypto-currencies and other crypto assets, as well as possible proposals for regulators in Russia. 

A GRADUAL CONSOLIDAÇÃO DO CONSTRUCTO DE GEOGRAFIA DE HETTNER: 1901 – 1908

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (43) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ute Wardenga
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Regional Geography ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The World ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Sobre Todo

 No presente artigo serão analisados os textos metódicos e metodológicos fundamentais de Alfred Hettner (1859-1941) publicados no espaço de tempo de 1901 a 1908. Com estes textos Hettner almejava dois objetivos: em primeiro lugar, ele queria dar à Geografia enquanto disciplina então recém-institucionalizada nas universidades alemãs uma posição segura na sistemática das ciências; em segundo lugar, ele pretendia clarificar quais conteúdos, como e por que os mesmos deveriam pertencer a esta nova disciplina. No resultado das análises será mostrado que Hettner conseguiu derivar logicamente – através da mudança da base ontológica – tanto a autonomia como também a unidade da Geografia. O elemento que conecta todos os textos é a perspectiva corológica por ele desenvolvida. Esta encontra-se na base da aquisição e análise de quadros de distribuição, variações e diferenciações espacialmente referenciados e, conforme as ideias de Hettner, deve ser aplicada igualmente na Geografia Física e na Geografia Humana. Na medida em que percebe o “mundo” a partir das lentes desta perspectiva, o geógrafo, segundo a concepção de Hettner, é capaz de constituir uma coleção de fatos científicos autônoma e diferenciável de outras ciências; mas, sobretudo, na medida em que ele aplica os fundamentos da investigação corológica, pode delimitar espaços em diferentes níveis escalares de modo metodologicamente claro e seguro. Palavras-chave: Geografia Regional. Corologia. História e Epistemologia do Pensamento Geográfico. Teoria e Metodologia da Geografia. Alfred Hettner. THE GRADUAL CONSOLIDATION OF HETTNER’S GEOGRAPHY CONSTRUCT: 1901-1908 Abstract: This paper analyzes Hettner’s basic methodical and methodological essays, which were published between 1901 and 1908. With these essays Hettner pursued two goals: firstly, he wanted to give geography a new position in the system of sciences as a subject just now institutionalized at German universities; Second, he wanted to clarify what content should and why should belong to this new discipline. As a result of the analyzes, the paper shows that by shifting the ontological basis Hettner was able to derive logically both the autonomy and the unity of geography and to substantiate it systematically. The connecting element of all essays is the chorological perspective he has developed. It is designed to capture and analyze spatial distribution patterns, variances, and disparities, and according to Hettner’s ideas it should be applied equally in physical geography and human geography. By perceiving “the world” through the lenses of this perspective, the geographer, according to Hettner, is able to constitute an independent sample of scientific facts that can be distinguished from other sciences; Above all, however, by applying the principles of chorological observation, he can delimit spaces at different scale levels in a methodologically reliable and clean manner. Keywords: Regional Geography. Chorology. History e epistemology of geographical Thought. Theory and methodology of Geography. Alfred Hettner. LA GRADUAL CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL CONSTRUCTO DE GEOGRAFÍA DE HETTNER: 1901-1908 Resumen: En este artículo se analizarán los textos metódicos y metodológicos fundamentales de Alfred Hettner (1859-1941) publicados en el espacio de tiempo de 1901 a 1908. Con estos textos Hettner anhelaba dos objetivos: en primer lugar, quería dar a la Geografía como disciplina entonces recién institucionalizada en las universidades alemanas una posición segura en la sistemática de las ciencias; en segundo lugar, pretendía aclarar qué contenidos, cómo y por qué deberían pertenecer a esta nueva disciplina. En el resultado de los análisis se mostrará que Hettner logró derivar lógicamente - a través del cambio de la base ontológica - tanto la autonomía como también la unidad de la Geografía. El elemento que conecta todos los textos es la perspectiva corológica por él desarrollada. Esta se encuentra en la base de la adquisición y análisis de cuadros de distribución, variaciones y diferenciaciones espacialmente referenciadas y, según las ideas de Hettner, debe aplicarse igualmente en la Geografía Física y la Geografía Humana. En la medida en que percibe el “mundo” a partir de las lentes de esta perspectiva, el geógrafo, según la concepción de Hettner, es capaz de constituir una colección de hechos científicos autónoma y diferenciable de otras ciencias; pero sobre todo en la medida en que aplica los fundamentos de la investigación corológica, puede delimitar espacios en diferentes niveles escalares de modo metodológicamente claro y seguro. Palabras clave: Geografía Regional. Corología. Historia y Epistemología del Pensamiento Geográfico. Teoría y Metodología de la Geografía. Alfred Hettner. 

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