scholarly journals Celtniecības keramika, keramzīts un keramiskie sorbenti

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 30-61
Author(s):  
Ruta Švinka ◽  
Visvaldis Švinka
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Pore Former ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Clay Pellets

Vēsturiski viena no silikātu tehnoloģijas katedras pamattēmām vienmēr ir bijusi celtniecības materiālu pētīšana un jaunu materiālu izstrāde. Tie ir gan keramikas materiāli, gan materiāli uz neorganisko javu saistvielu bāzes. Ir analizētas un salīdzinātas šo materiālu īpašības: siltuma vadāmība, līdzsvara mitrums, mehāniskās īpašības. Salīdzinātas rūpnieciskos apstākļos un laboratorijā iegūtu dažādu Latvijas mālu keramikas materiālu īpašības un struktūra. Aprakstīta dažu rūpniecisko atkritumu ietekme uz keramikas materiālu īpašībām. Aprakstīta arī jauna keramikas materiāla keramzīta ražošanas tehnoloģija – vienas stadijas paņēmiens, kas ļauj paplašināt keramzīta ražošanai izmantojamo izejvielu bāzi un variēt keramzīta īpašības atkarībā no paredzamā pielietojuma. Pētīta dažādu Latvijas mālu noderība porainu keramisku sorbentu iegūšanai, par poru veidotājiem izmantojot organiskas dabas ražošanas atkritumus. Analizēta keramikas virsmas apstrāde, piemēram, apstarošana ar paātrinātajiem elektroniem un nanodaļiņu pārklājumi, keramikas granulu sorbcijas spējas palielināšanai un noderība fotokatalītiskai organisku piesārņotāju sadalīšanai.Building Ceramics, Expanded Clay, and Ceramic SorbentsInvestigation and development of new building materials historically was one of base research fields in the Institute of Silicate Materials. These are ceramic materials and materials based on inorganic binders. These materials have both advantages and disadvantages. Properties of these materials, such as thermal conductivity, equilibrium humidity and mechanical properties, are analysed and compared. Properties and structure of ceramic materials produced from Latvian clays in the laboratory and industrially were compared. Influence of addition of some industrial waste on the properties of ceramic materials was described. A new technology for obtaining expanded clay pellets was developed. It is a one-step technology that makes it possible to extend the basis of raw materials for production of expanded clay pellets and to produce pellets with different properties depending on the possible practical use. Usefulness of different Latvian clay for the production of porous ceramic sorbents was investigated. Organic industrial waste was added to function as pore former. A treatment of ceramic surface by irradiation with accelerated electrons or coating with nanoparticles was analysed. An increase of sorption activity of ceramic pellets or usefulness for the photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollution was the goal of the aforementioned treatment.Keywords – ceramics, expanded clay, equilibrium moisture, thermal insulation, ceramic granules, sorbents.

scholarly journals Use of Industrial Waste for the Optimization of Ceramic Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Galhano ◽  
Pedro Lamas ◽  
Diogo Seixas
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
Marble Powder

The massive growth of the ceramic industry and the consequent demand for construction materials worldwide has motivated the search for alternative solutions aimed at reducing the use of mineral / natural resources as the main source of raw materials. One of the strategies frequently adopted by the scientific community is the reuse of industrial waste. It is beneficial not only to reduce the overexploitation of mineral resources but also to reduce the environmental, economic and social impacts resulting from their incorrect disposal/treatment and consequent deposition on land unsuitable or that purpose. Duetoconsiderationssuchasphysico-mechanical characteristics and the high production rate, two different types of industrial waste were selected for this work, ashes resulting from the burning of coal in thermoelectric power plant, commonly known as bottom ash (B), and the Marble Powder (MP). It was intended to test the technological feasibility of the manufacture of ceramic materials produced from clay mixtures containing these two residues. For this purpose, the fine fraction(<63μm)obtained from the sieving of the marbleresidue(MR)and slag(Bf)was used,aswellasacoarsergrainslagfractionrangingfrom63-125μm(Bg). The resulting test samples were subjected to a firing of 950 °C under an oxidizing atmosphere, following a primary drying process. Faced with the standard values, the new ceramic materials obtained from MP have seen their mechanical and porous characteristics decrease and increase, respectively. Atthesametime,althoughtheadditionofBinno way influenced the mechanical characteristics,a significant improvement the porous characteristic was observed. The incorporation of these residues produced a color very close to the original sample material. Keywords: industrial waste, ceramic, construction materials, bottom ash, Marble Powder

Preparation and Characterization of Quartz Porous Ceramic Materials Using the Yangtze River Sand

2013 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Feng ◽  
Zhi Wen Qiu ◽  
Xiao Bin Ma ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Xin Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials

In order to lay raw materials foundation for increasing the performance of insulating brick with the low grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River, the quartz porous ceramic materials was researched in this paper. The results show the porosity of the porous quartz ceramics decreased with an increase in the sintering temperature. The pore is like the bowl shape, and the pore is closed pore, which is help to improve the heat insulation property of quartz porous ceramics. The CaSiO4 is produced in the ceramics after sintering processing. The shape is better, and the microstructure is circular and symmetrical pore, which is help to improve the mechanical property of quartz porous ceramics.

Ceramic Composition Material with Mullite Crystals Obtained from the Clayy Raw Material of Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
M.P. Lebedev ◽  
V.N. Tagrov ◽  
E.S. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Composition Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Wide Range

The article deals with the manufacture of modern structural ceramic materials from clay and loam deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The importance and relevance of the development of the production of building materials from local raw materials is emphasized, since this will certainly affect the effectiveness of the construction complex as a whole. The successful development of the construction complex is capable of not only stimulating growth in all sectors of the economy, but also contributes to solving the most pressing social problems. Today, Yakutia has huge reserves of mineral raw materials for the production of a wide range of building materials and products. Of practical interest are wall materials made from clay soils. Given the features of the region’s raw material base, this work focuses on additional processing of traditional material. Controlling the complex physicochemical and structural-mechanical transformations that occur during heat treatment, a methodology has been developed for creating a composite material that will allow competitive innovative materials with enhanced strength properties to be produced with a reinforcing element with a glassy phase matrix of mullite crystals. The fabricated samples have a wide range of physical and mechanical properties and allow using it as a high-quality structural building ceramics, as well as industrial floor technical tile.

Environmental Friendly Ceramic Building Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyohiko Sugiyama ◽  
Keiji Kusumoto ◽  
Masayoshi Ohashi ◽  
Akinori Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Solar Reflectance ◽  
Ceramic Building

The global warming is one of the most serious problems. The decrease of CO2 emissions in our daily life is an important subject today. Recently, an application of water retentive materials as a paving material has attracted a great deal of attention in Japan. This material is effective for reducing heat island phenomenon, which is also a recent problem in many cities in Japan. Water retained in the material during rainfall evaporates when heated by sunshine. The latent heat absorbed by evaporating water works to cool the surroundings. The water retentive ceramic products are expected to be useful for building materials as well as pavements. Several performances are required on the water retentive ceramics when it is used as building materials. Its cost and quality are the important factors. Porous ceramic materials formed by pressing without firing is one of ideal low cost and eco-friendly candidates. The porous ceramics is also expected to be produced from recycled ceramic materials. By optimizing its composition and forming method, a water retentive material with high performance was developed. The trial product had the properties as follows; fracture toughness: 1300N, bending strength: 175N/cm, water absorption: larger than 30%, and precision in size (length): +-0.5mm for 150mm. The product showed also enough frost resistance. In this paper, the fundamental properties of the porous ceramics prepared without firing are discussed with referring to the results of the field experiments.Another subject recently studied by several tile manufactures in Japan is the glazed tile with high solar reflectance. The exterior walls covered with such a high solar reflectance tile keeps the surface temperature of the wall lower under the strong sunshine of summer. It is effective against heat-island phenomenon. In this paper, the outline of the research results on visible and infrared reflectance of many kinds of glazes is also discussed.

The Role of Industrial Waste in the Formation of the Structure and Properties of Effective Wall Ceramics

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Natalia D. Yatsenko ◽  
N.A. Vil'bitskaya ◽  
A.I. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Furnace Slag

The article deals with the use of blast furnace slag and mineralising additives as raw materials for the production of building materials. Innovative technologies of brick production from natural raw materials and industrial wastes are developed.

scholarly journals Heat-insulating porous material based on glauconite-containing sands and aleurites of the Novodvorskoye deposit of the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
S. E. Barantseva ◽  
A. I. Pazniak ◽  
Y. A. Klimosh ◽  
I. M. Azaranka ◽  
N. N. Hundzilovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Rational Combination ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Component

The results on the research of heat-insulating porous ceramic materials produced using overburden rocks of the Novodvorsk deposit of Pinsk district of the Brest region as the main component of raw materials are presented in the study and the use of bulk rock consisting of glauconite sands and aleurites is recommended. Low-melting clay, basalt and a blowing agent are used as additional components, rational combination of which would ensure the forming ability of ceramic masses and the required set of the physicochemical properties of the material. The dependence of the bulk density, swelling coefficient, coefficient of thermal conductivity on the chemical and mineral composition of the used and raw materials is established, wich is the criteria for choosing composition with the maximum use of overburden and the necessary plasticity of the ceramic mass required for the molding process of raw granules. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the large-scale use of not only the minerals of the Novodvorsk deposit (basalts and tuffs), but also associated – glauconite-containing overburden. This will make a significant contribution to the expanding the mineral resource base of the Republic of Belarus.

scholarly journals NORM waste, cements, and concretes. A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (344) ◽  
pp. e259
Author(s):  
F. Puertas ◽  
J. A. Suárez-Navarro ◽  
M. M. Alonso ◽  
C. Gascó
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Portland Cements ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
By Products

The use of industrial waste and/or by-products as alternative sources of raw materials in building materials has become standard practice. The result, more sustainable construction, is contributing to the institution of a circular economy. Nonetheless, all necessary precautions must be taken to ensure that the inclusion and use of such materials entail no new health hazard for people or their environment. Due to the processes involved in generating industrial waste/by-products, these alternative or secondary materials may be contaminated with heavy metals, other undesirable chemicals or high levels of natural radioactivity that may constrain their use. In-depth and realistic research on such industrial waste is consequently requisite to its deployment in building materials. This paper reviews the basic concepts associated with radioactivity and natural radioactivity, focusing on industrial waste/by-products comprising Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) used in cement and concrete manufacture. Updated radiological data are furnished on such waste (including plant fly ash, iron and steel mill slag, bauxite and phosphogypsum waste) and on other materials such as limestone, gypsum and so on. The paper also presents recent findings on radionuclide activity concentrations in Portland cements and concretes not bearing NORMs. The role of natural aggregate in end concrete radiological behaviour is broached. The radiological behaviour of alternative non-portland cements and concretes, such as alkali-activated materials and geopolymers, is also addressed.

XRF technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Acquafredda
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Portable Spectrometers ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract The techniques of chemical investigation by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are widespread since the 50s of the last century. Depending on the accuracy of the desired data and on the artifact characteristics, they can be used as partially destructive or as absolutely non-destructive and non-invasive techniques. The archeomaterials that can be analyzed are the most disparate: minerals, rocks, metals, building materials, pigments, and so on; practically almost everything that is solid, liquid or gelatinous can be analyzed by XRF. The theoretical physical principles and the main components of X-ray spectrometers, in energy dispersion (ED) and wavelength dispersion (WD), are described, also comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each analytical technique. In the last decades, the diffusion of the ED silicon drift detectors, together with the development of very accurate and high specialized software for quantitative analysis, has given a new impulse to the diffusion of the portable spectrometers offering new possibilities for in situ and very rapid archeomaterial characterizations. Case studies related to different artworks, like ceramics, necklaces, coins, obsidians and other lithic artifacts will also be presented: they show the important contribution that X-ray spectrometer technique gives to solve problems related to the characterization, restoration and to the source identification of the raw materials.

scholarly journals Case Study: LCA Methodology Applied to Materials Management in a Brazilian Residential Construction Site

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
João de Lassio ◽  
Josué França ◽  
Kárida Espirito Santo ◽  
Assed Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Lca Methodology

The construction industry is increasingly concerned with improving the social, economic, and environmental indicators of sustainability. More than ever, the growing demand for construction materials reflects increased consumption of raw materials and energy, particularly during the phases of extraction, processing, and transportation of materials. This work aims to help decision-makers and to promote life cycle thinking in the construction industry. For this purpose, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was chosen to analyze the environmental impacts of building materials used in the construction of a residence project in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The LCA methodology, based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 guidelines, is applied with available databases and the SimaPro program. As a result, this work shows that there is a substantial waste of nonrenewable energy, increasing global warming and harm to human health in this type of construction. This study also points out that, for this type of Brazilian construction, ceramic materials account for a high percentage of the mass of a total building and are thus responsible for the majority of environmental impacts.

Comparison of Porous Ceramic Materials with Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient Prepared with SiC and Black-Al2O3

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Isaías Juárez-Ramírez ◽  
Koji Matsumaru ◽  
Kozo Ishizaki ◽  
Leticia M. Torres-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials ◽  
Made In

Porous ceramic materials with low thermal expansion (LTE) at room temperature were prepared by heating a mixture of SiC or black-Al2O3, vitrified bonding material (VBM) and LiAlSiO4 at temperatures from 850°C to 1100°C. The mixture was prepared in adequate proportions to obtain a material with LTE according to previous works made in our laboratory. It was observed that a change in temperature provoked the formation of a new phase, LiAlSi3O8, which appears above 900°C. The presence of this new phase did not affect the thermal expansion value, keeping LTE at room temperature. All compounds showed around 40% of porosity, and Young’s modulus values of 30 GPa using black-Al2O3 or SiC. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed that above 900°C the phase LiAlSi3O8 starts to appear as a consequence of the melting of VBM, which is reacting with the raw materials. SEM micrographs showed the presence of SiC or black-Al2O3 grains joined by VBM, which is acting as a bridge between them.

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