scholarly journals Dose dependent anti-obesity effect of three different Lactobacillus sakei strains using a diet induced obese murine model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep Ji ◽  
Young Mee Chung ◽  
Soyoung Park ◽  
Dahye Jeong ◽  
Bongjoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactobacillus Sakei ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Dose Dependent

Overweight and obesity are considered as a major cause of various conditions related to metabolic syndrome. Yet, considering the complex interacting factors leading to pathogenicity and underlying mechanisms, it remains a poorly defined area. Some probiotics have a reputation of a relatively long history of safe use, and an increasing number of studies are confirming benefits including anti-obesity effects when administered in adequate amounts. Recent reports demonstrate that probiotic functions may widely differ with reference to either intra-species or inter-species related data. Such differences do not necessarily reflect or explain strain specific functions of a probiotic, and thus require further assessment at the intra-species level. Various anti-obesity clinical trials with probiotics have shown discrepant results and require more consolidated studies in order to clarify the correct dose of application for reliable and constant efficacy over a long period. In this study three different strains of Lactobacillus sakei were administered in a high fat diet induced obese murine model using three different doses, 1x1010 CFU, 1x109 CFU and 1x108 CFU, respectively, per day. Changes in body and organ weight were monitored, and serum chemistry analysis was performed for monitoring obesity associated biomarkers. The results show that only one strain of L. sakei (CJLS03) induced a dose dependent anti-obesity effect, while no correlation with either dose or body and adipose tissue weight loss could be detected for the other two L. sakei strains (L338 and L446). The body weight reduction mainly correlated with adipose tissue and obesity associated serum biomarkers such as triglycerides. This study suggests that anti-obesity effects of probiotics may vary in a strain and dose specific manner.

scholarly journals Dose dependent anti-obesity effect of three different Lactobacillus sakei strains using a diet induced obese murine model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep Ji ◽  
Young Mee Chung ◽  
Soyoung Park ◽  
Dahye Jeong ◽  
Bongjoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactobacillus Sakei ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Dose Dependent

Overweight and obesity are considered as a major cause of various conditions related to metabolic syndrome. Yet, considering the complex interacting factors leading to pathogenicity and underlying mechanisms, it remains a poorly defined area. Some probiotics have a reputation of a relatively long history of safe use, and an increasing number of studies are confirming benefits including anti-obesity effects when administered in adequate amounts. Recent reports demonstrate that probiotic functions may widely differ with reference to either intra-species or inter-species related data. Such differences do not necessarily reflect or explain strain specific functions of a probiotic, and thus require further assessment at the intra-species level. Various anti-obesity clinical trials with probiotics have shown discrepant results and require more consolidated studies in order to clarify the correct dose of application for reliable and constant efficacy over a long period. In this study three different strains of Lactobacillus sakei were administered in a high fat diet induced obese murine model using three different doses, 1x1010 CFU, 1x109 CFU and 1x108 CFU, respectively, per day. Changes in body and organ weight were monitored, and serum chemistry analysis was performed for monitoring obesity associated biomarkers. The results show that only one strain of L. sakei (CJLS03) induced a dose dependent anti-obesity effect, while no correlation with either dose or body and adipose tissue weight loss could be detected for the other two L. sakei strains (L338 and L446). The body weight reduction mainly correlated with adipose tissue and obesity associated serum biomarkers such as triglycerides. This study suggests that anti-obesity effects of probiotics may vary in a strain and dose specific manner.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent and strain-dependent anti-obesity effects ofLactobacillus sakeiin a diet induced obese murine model

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep Ji ◽  
Young Mee Chung ◽  
Soyoung Park ◽  
Dahye Jeong ◽  
Bongjoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Dose Dependent

BackgroundOverweight and abdominal obesity, in addition to medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar and triglyceride levels, are typical risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Yet, considering the complexity of factors and underlying mechanisms leading to these inflammatory conditions, a deeper understanding of this area is still lacking. Some probiotics have a reputation of a relatively-long history of safe use, and an increasing number of studies are confirming benefits including anti-obesity effects when administered in adequate amounts. Recent reports demonstrate that probiotic functions may widely differ with reference to either intra-species or inter-species related data. Such differences do not necessarily reflect or explain strain-specific functions of a probiotic, and thus require further assessment at the intra-species level. Various anti-obesity clinical trials with probiotics have shown discrepant results and require additional consolidated studies in order to clarify the correct dose of application for reliable and constant efficacy over a long period.MethodsThree different strains ofLactobacillus sakeiwere administered in a high-fat diet induced obese murine model using three different doses, 1 × 1010, 1 × 109and 1 × 108CFUs, respectively, per day. Changes in body and organ weight were monitored, and serum chemistry analysis was performed for monitoring obesity associated biomarkers.ResultsOnly one strain ofL. sakei(CJLS03) induced a dose-dependent anti-obesity effect, while no correlation with either dose or body or adipose tissue weight loss could be detected for the other twoL. sakeistrains (L338 and L446). The body weight reduction primarily correlated with adipose tissue and obesity-associated serum biomarkers such as triglycerides and aspartate transaminase.DiscussionThis study shows intraspecies diversity ofL. sakeiand suggests that anti-obesity effects of probiotics may vary in a strain- and dose-specific manner.

scholarly journals Obesity – a closer look to cell mechanisms disfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Elena BĂLĂȘESCU ◽  
◽  
Larisa Diana PANDIA ◽  
Roxana Ioana NEDELCU ◽  
Daniela Adriana ION ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition, a major public health problem with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Obesity is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue, a low degree of chronic inflammation and disorders in the synthesis of biologically active hormones and peptides which intervene in regulating appetite and energy balance, immunity, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, blood pressure, lipid metabolism and homeostasis of the body. The visceral adipose tissue accumulation is accompanied by metabolic disorders that have as a substrate subclinical inflammation and signaling by intracellular pathways that lead to irreversible cellular structural and functional changes. The long-term impact of overweight and obesity translates into shortening life expectancy and disability, due to association with severe comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, oncological conditions. Therefore, understanding the cellular mechanisms involved in obesity may facilitate the highlighting of new possible therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Brown Adipose Tissue Function: Sex Hormones, Glucocorticoids, and Their Crosstalk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasiphak Kaikaew ◽  
Aldo Grefhorst ◽  
Jenny A. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Brown Adipose

Excessive fat accumulation in the body causes overweight and obesity. To date, research has confirmed that there are two types of adipose tissue with opposing functions: lipid-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) and lipid-burning brown adipose tissue (BAT). After the rediscovery of the presence of metabolically active BAT in adults, BAT has received increasing attention especially since activation of BAT is considered a promising way to combat obesity and associated comorbidities. It has become clear that energy homeostasis differs between the sexes, which has a significant impact on the development of pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Sex differences in BAT activity may contribute to this and, therefore, it is important to address the underlying mechanisms that contribute to sex differences in BAT activity. In this review, we discuss the role of sex hormones in the regulation of BAT activity under physiological and some pathological conditions. Given the increasing number of studies suggesting a crosstalk between sex hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in metabolism, we also discuss this crosstalk in relation to sex differences in BAT activity.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Macroalgae

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saioa Gómez-Zorita ◽  
Maitane González-Arceo ◽  
Jenifer Trepiana ◽  
Itziar Eseberri ◽  
Alfredo Fernández-Quintela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Macroalgae have attracted great interest for their potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries as source of bioactive medicinal products and food ingredients. This review gathers data from in vitro and in vivo studies addressing the anti-obesity effects of macroalgae. Great consensus exists in all reported in vitro studies concerning the reduction induced by seaweed extracts in the expression of transcriptional factors controlling adipogenesis. In animals, macroalgae reduced body fat accumulation and prevented other obesity features, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and fatty liver. These effects are not due to food intake reduction, since few studies have reported such event. Indeed, the effects on metabolic pathways in target tissues/organs seem to play a more relevant role. Macroalgae can reduce de novo lipogenesis, limiting fatty acid availability for triglyceride synthesis in white adipose tissue. This effect has been observed in both cell cultures and adipose tissue from animals treated with macroalgae extracts. In addition, increased fatty acid oxidation and thermogenic capacity, as well as a shift towards healthier gut microbiota composition may contribute to the body fat-lowering effect of macroalgae. Studies in humans are needed to determine whether macroalgae can represent a feasible tool to prevent and/or manage overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Preclinical Research on a Mixture of Red Ginseng and Licorice Extracts in the Treatment and Prevention of Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2744
Author(s):  
Yulong Zheng ◽  
Eun-Hye Lee ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Gyo In ◽  
JongHan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Serum Triglyceride Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ampk Pathway ◽  
Dose Dependent

The anti-obesity effects of RL (a 3:1 mixture of Panax ginseng saponin fractions and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extracts) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C57BL/6J obese mice were evaluated at different concentrations. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of RL through lipid accumulation inhibition rate, serum lipid composition analysis, adipose tissue size, adipogenic transcription factors and AMPK pathway. RL inhibited the lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 50–200 μg/mL without cytotoxicity (50–400 μg/mL). Oral administration of RL at the highest concentration (400 mg/kg/day) did not cause significant liver toxicity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. RL stimulated adiponectin secretion in a dose-dependent manner and primarily mediates the AMPK pathway to inhibit triglyceride synthesis and attenuate adipocyte hypertrophy. RL significantly reduced weight in obese mice, but none of the body weight, adipose tissue weight, serum triglyceride level, and AMPK pathway activation degree showed any difference between dosing concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day. Therefore, 200 mg/kg/day of RL is the optimal preclinical concentration, which can be a reference concentration for conversion into a human clinical trial dose.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth With Overweight and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
S. Nicole Fearnbach ◽  
Neil M. Johannsen ◽  
Corby K. Martin ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Robbie A. Beyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

Objective: To conduct a preliminary assessment of the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and cardiometabolic health using gold standard measures in diverse youth ranging from overweight to severe obesity. Methods: Twenty of 30 participants (mean [SD]; age 13.2 [1.8] y, 55% female, 45% African American) met the criteria for VO2peak during a graded cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue. The body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (percentage of body fat, fat mass index, and fat-free mass) and magnetic resonance imaging (abdominal visceral and subcutaneous [SAT] adipose tissue). The VO2peak was expressed relative to fat-free mass. Fasting lipid levels, glycemic biomarkers, and vital signs were examined individually and used in a composite cardiometabolic risk score. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time were included as covariates. Results: VO2peak was negatively associated with abdominal SAT (r = −.49, P < .05), but not visceral adipose tissue or markers of cardiometabolic health. The association between SAT and VO2peak was partly explained by habitual sedentary time. Conclusions: We demonstrated a significant negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness and SAT in a diverse group of high-risk youth. The inclusion of rigorous, laboratory-based measures and youth with severe obesity extends the previous work in pediatric populations.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Physical Exercise on Lowering Levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Overweight and Obese

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Muchammad Rif’at Fawaid As’ad ◽  
Paulus Liben ◽  
Lilik Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cases of overweight and obesity in the world increased continuously. In 2016, obesity increased by 3% in men and 6% in women compared to 1975. Overweight cases also increased by 20% in men and 23% in women compared to 1975. Overweight and obesity have been linked to an increase in adipose tissue in the body. Increased adipose tissue associated with inflammation, which one of its characteristics is an increase levels of C - Reactive Protein (CRP). This article aim is to describe the mechanism of physical exercise to diminish CRP level in overweight and obesity. Adipose tissue produces and releases various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and CRP. One of the prevention and treatment of inflammatory for overweight and obesity cases is to do physical exercise. In cases of overweight and obesity, the physical exercise aims to increase energy expenditure. Physical exercise decreases the volume and amount of adipose and pre-adipose tissue as well as the number of endothelial cells and macrophages in adipose that contain pro-inflammation such as IL-1, TNF-α, CRP, serum amyloid protein (SAA), and cytokines. Physical exercise rises anti-inflammatory properties such as IL-10, IL-1ra which play a role in inhibiting the transduction of IL-1β signals and inhibiting TNF-α synthesis. Physical exercise also amplifies antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPX. The antioxidants play a role in fighting free radicals to reduce inflammation.

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