Effects of nutrition on serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Morten Ryg; Endre Jacobsen

doi:10.7557/2.1.1.395

Effects of nutrition on serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.1.1.395 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Morten Ryg ◽

Endre Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Seasonal Differences ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽

Serum T3

We have investigated effects of qualitative and quantitative differences in feed on serum concentrations on the thyorid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). We have recorded hormone levels in groups of animals of different sex, age and weight. They were fed either a pelleted reindeer feed (RF 71, 13,7% protein) or lichen (3,4 protein), or a combination of RF 71 and lichen. 1. When going over from restricted to ad lib. feeding with the same kind of feed (RF 71), serum T3 increased, but nok T4. 2. Serum T3 or T4 did nok change when feed was changed from RF 71 to the same amount of dry matter of a combination of RF 71 and lichen. Neither were there any significant differences between a group fed RF 71 and a group fed a combination of RF 71 and lichen. 3. Serum T3 and dry matter intake were well correlated. We conclude that seasonal differences in T4 are partly independent of nutrition, while T3 was heavily influenced by nutrition, specifically the amount of dry matter consumed. Serum T3 can possibly be used to estimate dry matter intake.Ravitsemuksen vaikutus poron (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) seerumin tyroksiini ja trijodityroniinitasoon.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Olemme tutkineet poron ravinnonsaannissa esiintyvien kvalitatiivisten ja kvantitathvisten erojen vaikutusta seerumin kilpirauhashormonien trijodityroniinin (T3) ja tyroksiinin (T4) konsentraatioon. Olemme rekisteroineet hormonipitoisuuksia iån, sukupuolen ja painon perusteella erilaisissa ryhmisså. Ruokinnassa on kåytetty pelletoitua poronrehua (RF 71, 13,7% proteiini ja/tai jåkålåå (3,4% proteiinia). 1. Siirryttåesså rajoitetusta rehunsaannista ad lib. ruokintaan samalla rehulla (RF 71), seerumin T3-taso kohosi, mutta ei T4-taso. 2. Siirryttåesså ruokinnassa RF 71-rehun kåytostå kuiva-ainepitoisuudeltaan vastaavan RF 71-rehun ja jåkålå-yhdistelmån kåyttoon ei havaittu merkitseviå muutoksia T3- tai T4-tasoisaa. Verrattaessa RF 71-rehua kåyttånyttå ryhmåå ja toista ryhmåå, jota ruokittiin rehun ha jåkålån yhdistelmållå ei myoskåån havaittu merkitseviå eroja. 3. Nautitun kuiva-ainemåårån ja seerumin T3-konsentraation vålillå vallitsee selvå korrelaatio. Me pååttelemme, ettå T4-tason vuodenaikaisvaihtelut ovat osittain riippumattomia ravitsemuksesta, kun taas ravinto selvåsti vaikuttaa T3-tasoon. Seerumin T3-arvoa voidaan ehkå kåyttåå poron nauttiman kuiva-ainemåårån arvioimiseen.Virkninger av ernæring på serumnivåer av thyroxin og triiodothyronin hos rein (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Vi har undersøkt virkningen av kvalitative og kvantitative forskjeller i næringstilgang på konsentrasjonene av skjoldbruskkjertelhormonene triiodothyronin (T3) og thyroxin (T4) i serum hos rein. Vi har registrert hormonnivåer hos grupper av dyr med forskjellig alder, kjønn og vekt. De har vært foret med et pelletert reinfor (RF 71, 13,7% protein), og/eller lav (3,4% protein). 1. Ved overgang fra begrenset til ad lib. foring med samme for (RF 71) økte serum T3, men ikke T4. 2. Ved overgang fra RF 71 til samme tørrstoffmengde av en kombinasjon av RF 71 og lav, var det ikke signifikante endringer i T3 eller T4. Det var heller ikke signifikante forskjeller mellom en gruppe som ble foret med RF 71 og én som ble foret med RF 71 og lav. 3. Det var en god korrelasjon mellom tørrstoffinntak og serumkonsentrasjon av T3. Vi konkluderer med at årstidsvariasjonene i T4 delvis er uavhengige av ernæring, mens T3 er strengt ernæringsregulert. Serum T3 kan kanskje brukes til å estimere tørrstoffinntak hos rein.

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Effects of medetomidine and atipamezole on serum glucose and cortisol levels in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.19.2.284 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jon M. Arnemo ◽

Birgit Ranheim

Keyword(s):

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Seasonal Differences ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽

Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽

The Mean ◽

Baseline Levels

Serum concentrations of glucose and Cortisol were measured in five adult captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) at 24 h and 10 min before, and at 0.5, 1,2,4, 8, 12 and 24 h after, treatment with 60 p.g/kg of medetomidine i.v. followed by 300 jig/kg of atipamezole i.v. 60 min later. The experiments were performed in January and repeated in July-August. The animals were used as their own controls and treated with saline in July-August. The wash-out period between experiments in summer was 2 weeks or more. No obvious seasonal differences were observed. Mederomidine induced a 2.5-fold increase in glucose (mean ± standard error of the mean being 15.4 ± 0.6 mmol/1 at 1 h) and a 3.5-fold increase Cortisol (349 ± 28 nmol/1 at 0.5 h). Serum glucose reached control levels within 12 h, and Cortisol declined to baseline levels within 4 h after injection og medetomidine. The use of blood concentrations of glucose and Cortisol to assess nutritonal status, body condition and stress may be significantly biased in animals chemically immobilized with medetomidine or other alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.

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Intake of Tifton 85 chopped hay have positive effects on protein digestibility, and milk production and composition of Lacaune sheep

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e347985005

Author(s):

Alexandre Bernardi ◽

Antonio Waldimir Leopoldino da Silva ◽

Catia Capeletto ◽

Felipe Junior Portela da Silva ◽

Renata Cristina Defiltro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

D 12

This study compared the effects of unchopped and chopped hay on milk production and composition, feed digestibility, and physiology of Lacaune sheep. Eighteen ewes were stratified by parity (two or three), days of lactation (60 ± 3.7 days), and milk production (1.04 L/ewe/day), and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) Unchopped or 2) Chopped Tifton 85 hay. Corn silage and concentrate were also provided. Chopped hay ewes gave lower (P≤0.01) dry matter intake and greater (P=0.02) crude protein digestibility. No effects of treatment were detected (P≥0.38) for the digestibility of dry matter, or of neutral and acid detergent fibers. Chopped hay ewes had greater (P≤0.01) milk production (d 7 and d 12), lactation persistence, and feed efficiency. Ewes eating chopped hay had greater (P=0.03) protein concentration in their milk. However, there were no effects of treatment × day and treatments (P≥0.16) for concentrations of fat, lactose, minerals, deffated dry extract, or density. Ewes eating chopped hay presented lower (P<0.01) serum concentrations of urea and tended to have lower (P=0.10) serum concentrations of glucose only on d 12. However, there were no effects of treatment × day and treatments (P≥0.16) for serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides, or cholesterol. These data suggest that chopped hay promotes lower dry matter intake and serum concentrations of glucose and urea, but improves milk production, lactation persistence, feed efficiency, and protein concentration.

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Comparison of selenium bioavailability in milk and serum in dairy cows fed different sources of organic selenium

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18719 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Barbé ◽

E. Chevaux ◽

M. Castex ◽

G. Elcoso ◽

A. Bach

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Health ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Organic Selenium ◽

Selenium Bioavailability ◽

And Performance ◽

Different Sources

Context Selenium (Se) bioavailability is an important parameter to consider when supplementing trace minerals to optimise animal health and performance. Aims To assess the biological transfer of Se in milk and serum of three sources of organic Se in dairy cattle: two different pure selenomethionines (SM1, SM2) and Se-yeast (SY) containing selenomethionine, selenocysteine and other forms of organic Se. Methods Forty-five lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly distributed in nine groups (three sources of organic Se supplemented at three doses: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ppm organic Se in addition to 0.3 ppm of inorganic Se) and the Se concentrations in milk and serum were analysed at different times over 34 days of supplementation. Dry matter intake, milk yield, as well as milk fat and protein contents were recorded daily for each cow. Selenium bioavailability in milk was assessed as the ratio between amount of Se secreted in milk and amount of Se consumed. Key results The lowest Se dose (0.1 ppm), independent of source, did not allow detection a different pattern of transfer into milk and serum, suggesting that at this level, the Se supplied was mainly used to cover the animal needs. Supplementing SY at 0.2 and 0.3 ppm resulted in the most consistent secretion of Se into milk, whereas SM2 was most effective at increasing serum Se concentrations. Conclusions At the supplementing doses of 0.2 and 0.3 ppm, SY elicits an increased transfer of Se into milk concentrations compared with SM1 and SM2, whereas SM2 induces the greatest increase in Se serum concentrations. Implications SY is more effective than SM1 and SM2 at increasing Se transfer into milk. Supplementation of SM2 induces a pattern of Se transfer into milk and serum that differs from the other Se sources suggesting a different metabolism of this particular Se source.

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Salivary glands in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and in Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.19.1.289 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Svein D. Mathiesen ◽

V. B. Rædergård ◽

M. A. Vader ◽

Ø. E. Haga ◽

H. J. Norberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Species Differences ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Phenotypic Difference ◽

Absolute Size ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

The Mean

The aim of this investigation was to compare the size of salivaty glands in Svalbard reindeer {Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and in Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus) in relation to feeding strategy, season and reproductive status. The mean body mass (BM, standard deviation j) in adult non-lactating female Svalbard reindeer was 72.0, s = 4.2, kg (n = 8) in September and 46.7, s = 7.1, kg (« = 4) in April. The mean BM of adult non-lactating Norwegian reindeer was 67.5, s = 7.7, kg (» = 8) in September and 59.2, s = 9.6, kg (n = 9) in March. In non-lactating female Svalbard reindeer the mean combined mass of parotid glands was 82.7, s = 4.5, g in September and 58.8, s = 8.7, g in April (P < 0.05). In the Norwegian reindeer the mean combined mass of the parotid glands was 95.2, s = 14.4, g in Septembet and 68.1, s = 9.5, g in Match (P < 0.05). We wete not able to find any sub-species differences in the size of the salivaty glands which could be related to phenotypic difference in feeding strategy. Both sub-species had parotid glands sizes similar to that of intermediate ruminant types, ranging from 0.11-0.14% of BM. The larger absolute size of salivaty glands in summer compared to winter reflects the importance of high rates of production of saliva when the dry matter intake and microbial fermentation is high.

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Food intake of reindeer in winter

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960300337x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 141 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. V. STOREHEIER ◽

B. E. H. VAN OORT ◽

M. A. SUNDSET ◽

S. D. MATHIESEN

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Faecal Output ◽

Northern Regions ◽

In Captivity ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Few Data ◽

Free Ranging

Management of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the northern regions have historically focused on reindeer–vegetation interactions, while few data on the food intake of these animals exist. Dry matter intake (DMI) was therefore estimated successively during winter in reindeer calves fed (i) ad libitum pelleted reindeer feed (RF-80; n=6), (ii) fed ad libitum mixed lichens (n=6) and (iii) in free-ranging reindeer calves (n=3) on natural winter pasture (March/April; 69 °N). Faecal output, determined with faeces collection bags, was 24±4, 6±3 and 22±3 g DM/day/kg BM0·75 in reindeer fed RF-80, mixed lichens and on winter pasture, respectively. Actual DMI of reindeer in captivity fed RF-80 and mixed lichens was 70±10 g DM/day/kg BM0·75 and 27±8 g DM/day/kg BM0·75, respectively. The DMI of the captive reindeer calves was accurately estimated on both diets on the basis of the digestibility of their diet and their faecal output. Using the same method, the DMI of free-ranging reindeer calves on natural winter pastures in northern Norway was estimated to be 34–61 g DM/day/kg BM0·75. The present study discusses factors that influence the food intake of reindeer in winter with emphasis on the seasonal regulation of appetite and DMI in these Arctic ruminants.

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SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF LH, FSH AND PROLACTIN IN OVARIECTOMIZED EWES FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH ANDROGENS OR ESTROGENS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas84-021 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 171-175

Author(s):

B. E. HOWLAND ◽

L. M. SANFORD ◽

W. M. PALMER

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Testosterone Propionate ◽

Single Injection ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Key Words Androgens ◽

Estradiol 17Β

The effect of a single injection of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, testosterone propionate, estradiol-17β or estradiol benzoate on serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin was studied in ovariectomized ewes. Luteinizing hormone levels increased following treatment with E, EB or TP, prolactin levels increased following treatment with E, EB, T or TP while FSH levels decreased after treatment with either E or EB. Free steroids appeared to produce earlier responses in hormone levels than the corresponding esters. Key words: Androgens, estrogens, gonadotropins, prolactin, ewes.

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The diagnosis of early pregnancy and missed abortion in European and Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus and Rangifer tarandus platyrhyncus

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.2.1.421 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tata Ringberg ◽

Asbjørn Aakvaag

Keyword(s):

Early Pregnancy ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Missed Abortion ◽

Peripheral Plasma ◽

Delayed Implantation ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus

Progesterone levels in peripheral plasma from a total of 38 pregnant an non-pregnant Norwegian and Svalbard reindeer (R. tarandus tarandus and R. t. platyrhyncbus, respectively), were measured 5 to 6 times between November and May, and the size of 18 corresponding fetuses determined. The serum levels of progesterone were similar in the two subspecies, and increased from 1.5 nmol/1 (non-pregnant level) to 10—30 nmol/1 in November in pregnant animals. A maximum of 40—80 nmol/1 was reached in April whereafter the levels declined as time of delivery (beginning of June) approached. Animals with «missed» abortions had progesterone levels in serum of 5—6 nmol/1 in November. The size of the fetuses in November (average 3.7 and 30.7 mm) makes delayed implantation in reindeer unlikely.Tidlig diagnostisering av drektighet og skjult abort i europeisk rein og Svalbardrein (Rangifer tarandus tarandus og Rangifer tarandus platyrhuncus).Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Progesteron er det viktigste drektighetshormon hos pattedyr, og allerede tidlig i drektighetsperioden kan man hos en rekke arter påvise en økning i konsentrasjonen av dette hormon i blodet. Det har vært diskutert om det samme var tilfelle hos rein. Hvis det var så, ville det være mulig ved hjelp av en enkelt blodprøve på høsten å bestemme om dyret var drektig eller ei, og således ha et bedre grunnlag for å velge ut simler for slakt. Formålet med de forsøkene som er beskrevet i denne artikkel var derfor å måle progesteron-verdiene i blodet hos drektige og ikke-drektige simler for å se om de førstnevnte hadde høyere nivå, og dernest å se om det var en sammenheng mellom fosterets størrelse og progesteron-nivået. Til forsøkene ble det brukt tretti V2—2V2 år gamle simler fra reineier John Nordfjells flokk på Røros, samt åtte Svalbard-rein simler. Fra de norske rein ble blodprøver og fostre samlet under slaktning d. 26. november 1979, og fra Svalbard-reinen ble det tatt blodprøver 5—6 ganger mellom januar og mai 1980. Svalbard-reinen ble ikke slaktet, og i begynnelsen av juni nedkom 3 av dem med kalv. Fostrene fra de norske rein ble veiet og målt etter fixering i formalin. Blodprøvene av samtlige dyr ble analysert for innhold av progesteron på Sentrallaboratoriet Aker Sykehus, Oslo. Det ble funnet at progesteron-verdiene økte fra 1.5 nmol/lhos ikke-drektige dyr til 10—30 nmol i november og 40—80 nmol/1 i april hos drektige dyr. Hos simler, som hadde mistet kalven (abortert) var verdiene 5—6 nmol i november. Det ble også funnet at det ikke var noen sammenheng mellom fosterets størrelse og simlas progesteron-nivå i blodet. Den gjennomsnittlige (antall fostre = 18) fosterlengde i november var 30.7 mm og fostervekt 3.7 g.Tiineyden ja sikion varhaiskuoleman varhaisesta diagnostisoimisesta eurooppalaisella porolla ja Huippuvuorten peuralla (Rangifer tarandus tarandus ja Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus).Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Progesteroni on nisakkäiden tärkein raskaushormoni ja jo heti raskauden alussa voidaan monilla lajeilla osoittaa veressä tämän hormonin konsentraation kohoaminen. On pohdittu, olisiko tilanne sama myös poron suhteen. Jos niin olisi, olisi mahdollista yksinkertaisen syksyllä otettavan verinäytteen perusteella määrittää onko eläin tiineenä vai ei ja siten hankkia paremmat perusteet teurasvaadinten valinnalle. Nyt tässä artikkelissa selostettavien kokeiden tarkoituksena oli mitata tiineiden ja mahojen vaadinten veren progesteroni-arvo, jotta voitaisiin havaita, olisiko ensiksimainitun arvo korkeampi kuin viimeksimainitun ja edelleen olisiko progesteronitason ja sikiön koon välillä mahdollisesti tietty riippuvuus. Kokeissa käytettiin 30, iältään 0,5—2,5 vuotiasta Rørosilaisen poronomistaja John Nordfjellin laumaan kuuluvaa vaadinta sekä kahdeksan Huippuvuorten peura-vaadinta. Norjalaisista poroista otettiin verinäytteet ja sikiöt, kun eläimet teurastettiin 26. marraskuuta 1979. Huippuvuorten peuroista verinäytteitä otettiin 5—6 kertaa tammikuun ja toukokuun välisenä aikana 1980. Peuroja ei teurastettu ja kesäkuun alussa kolme niistä synnytti vasan. Norjalaisten porojen sikiöt punnittiin ja mitattiin formaliinifikseerauksen jälkeen. Kaikkien eläinten verinäytteet analysoitiin progesteronin määrittämiseksi Aker-sairaalan keskuslaboratoriossa Oslossa. Poroilla, jotka eivät olleet tiineinä, havaittiin progesteronitason kohoaminen 1.5nmol/l-arvostalukemaan 10-30 nmol marraskuussa ja tiineillä arvoon 40-80 nmol/1 huhtikuussa. Vaatimilla, jotka olivat luoneet sikiönsä, arvo oli 5-6 nmol/1 marraskuussa. Kokeissa todettiin edelleen, että sikiön koon ja vaatimen veren progesteroni-tason välillä ei ollut yhteyttä. Keskimääräinen sikiön pituus (18 sikiötä) marraskuussa oli 30.7 mm ja paino 3.7 g.

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The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 80-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliana Soares Severo ◽

Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽

Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽

Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽

Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Zinc Transporters ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Metabolic Adaptations ◽

Serum T3 ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

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ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v4i2.4272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 415-422

Author(s):

Amoka Pius ◽

Tawose O M

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Gmelina Arborea ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

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Beef steers with average dry matter intake and divergent average daily gain have altered gene expression in the jejunum

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2017.1804 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0

Author(s):

A. P. Foote ◽

B. N. Keel ◽

C. M. Zarek ◽

A. K. Lindholm-Perry

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Altered Gene Expression ◽

Altered Gene ◽

Daily Gain

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