Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Robert Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter reviews Chicago's industrial base that had been eviscerated, and its place-dependent industrial and civic leaders who, by the 1960s, were fighting a losing battle to maintain the city's industrial prominence. It mentions the relentless structural forces arrayed against Chicago that was true of other industrial centers across the Manufacturing Belt. It also talks about the combination of attractive locational assets and corporate strategies that sought increased market share and profits at the expense of places that led to continued and uneven disinvestment in Chicago's industrial base. The chapter analyses the long-term consequence that saw fewer factories and industrial jobs found in Chicago at the beginning of each new industrial cycle. It reviews how the slow process of decline that began in the 1920s became a tsunami of industrial loss from the second half of the 1940s.

Evaluating the Financial Performance Through ‘Consumer Centric Decision’ Approach in Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh: a Business Planning Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Mahmud Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Choice ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Business Analysis

Pharmaceuticals agglomerations consistently use their brand image and versatile product portfolios to consolidate their position in the financial sector, which is evident in their continuous profit making and expansion in market share. This paper explores the short-term and long-term investment attractiveness through ‘consumer centric decision’ approach in two selected pharmaceutical companies, Renata Limited and Orion Pharma Limited, of Bangladesh over the last three years’ period. This research adopts a systematic approach which primarily addresses the various concerns of investors to illustrate the decision-making process of the existing and future investors. Using primarily domestic transaction data, this study explores how the leading pharmaceuticals companies of Bangladesh effectively use the wide array of drug portfolios mix with appropriate branding techniques to increase their financial profit and market share simultaneously. Both SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces Model explore the business analysis of Renata Limited in compare to Orion Pharma Limited that provides a conclusion regarding investors’ decision to invest in Renata Limited. Considering the financial analysis, Renata’s financial liquidity is not very satisfactory and could have been improved further if management is prudent on financial strategy settings. Findings of the business analysis indicate that Renata Limited would be a good investment choice for existing and prospective shareholders based on its opportunities for long term and short term growth and further expansion in developing the market. The results suggest that even lower liquidity coupled with higher interest borrowings can be balanced by posing positive picture to the public shareholders by returning the positive dividend to them.

scholarly journals High Mountain Asian glacier response to climate revealed by multi-temporal satellite observations since the 1960s

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Bhattacharya ◽  
Tobias Bolch ◽  
Kriti Mukherjee ◽  
Owen King ◽  
Brian Menounos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Northern Tien Shan

AbstractKnowledge about the long-term response of High Mountain Asian glaciers to climatic variations is paramount because of their important role in sustaining Asian river flow. Here, a satellite-based time series of glacier mass balance for seven climatically different regions across High Mountain Asia since the 1960s shows that glacier mass loss rates have persistently increased at most sites. Regional glacier mass budgets ranged from −0.40 ± 0.07 m w.e.a−1 in Central and Northern Tien Shan to −0.06 ± 0.07 m w.e.a−1 in Eastern Pamir, with considerable temporal and spatial variability. Highest rates of mass loss occurred in Central Himalaya and Northern Tien Shan after 2015 and even in regions where glaciers were previously in balance with climate, such as Eastern Pamir, mass losses prevailed in recent years. An increase in summer temperature explains the long-term trend in mass loss and now appears to drive mass loss even in regions formerly sensitive to both temperature and precipitation.

How the Desert got a Past: A History of Quaternary Research in Australia’s Deserts

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

This paper examines how the past of desert landscapes has been interpreted since European explorers and scientists first encountered them. It charts the research that created the conceptual space within which archaeologists and Quaternarists now work. Studies from the 1840s–1960s created the notion of a ‘Great Australian Arid Period'. The 1960s studies of Lake Mungo and the Willandra Lakes by Jim Bowler revealed the cyclical nature of palaeolakes, that changed with climate changes in the Pleistocene, and the complexity of desert pasts. SLEADS and other researchers in the 1980s used thermoluminescence techniques that showed further complexities in desert lands beyond the Willandra particularly through new studies in the Strzelecki and Simpson Dunefields, Lake Eyre, Lake Woods and Lake Gregory. Australian deserts are varied and have very different histories. Far from ‘timeless lands', they have carried detailed information about long-term climate changes on continental scales.

Islamophobia

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-271
Author(s):  
Martin Pugh
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
The West ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter discusses how, misled by Islamophobic propaganda, Britain and America were unable to come to terms with what they called ‘Islamism’. The origins of what is variously known as Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, and radical Islamism lie in the 1960s, in the ideas of a handful of Muslims in Pakistan, Egypt, and Iran who believed that Muslims had been led astray from their religion by nationalist movements. Although some Muslims were critical of Western morality and politics, Islamism was not primarily anti-Western: it was essentially a reaction against what were widely seen as the corrupt, authoritarian, and secular regimes that controlled much of the Muslim world. The aim was to evict them, return to a purer form of Islam and re-create an Islamic state. In view of the exaggerated reputation it enjoys in the West, it is worth remembering that this movement has largely been a failure. Yet while fundamentalism appeals to only a small minority, it is also the case that large numbers of Muslims have become aggrieved by the policies of the Western powers. The explanation for this can be found in long-term frustration with the consistently pro-Israeli policy of Britain and the United States over Palestine, in addition to the proximate causes in the shape of two Afghan wars, the genocide in Bosnia, the Rushdie affair, and the first Gulf War in 1990, which made many Muslims see themselves as the victims of Western aggression and interventionism.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term repeated chemical disinfection treatment on the surface hardness self-polymerizing reline resins

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Luciana de Rezende Pinto ◽  
Paulo Maurício Batista Silva ◽  
Vinicius Carvalho Porto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Knoop Hardness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Denture hygiene techniques and procedures were developed in the 1960s and 1970s and most studies indicate the importance of mechanical biofilm removal by denture brushing associated with disinfection with chemical solutions. Studies in the literature show many chemical procedures that may be used for denture biofilm control. When the immersion procedure is used, the disinfectant should be selected with regard to its effectiveness in inactivating microorganisms without any adverse effects on the denture materials. PURPOSE: This study investigated the hardness of three self-polymerizing reline resins after long-term repeated chemical disinfections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty round specimens (30 x 6mm) were made from each material: Jet, Kooliner and Tokuyama Rebase II Fast, and divided in 6 groups (n=10). The control group was stored in water and the others were disinfected with 1%, 2%, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, respectively. The specimens were tested for knoop hardness (KHN) before disinfection and after 30, 90 and 180 disinfection cycles. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test at 5%. RESULTS: The hardness of Jet resin varied from 18.74 ± 0.47 to 13.75 ± 0.95 KHN, Kooliner varied from 14.09 ± 1.63 to 7.52 ± 0.88 KHN, and Tokuyama Rebase II Fast from 12.57 ± 0.94 to 8.28 ± 0.39 KHN. Statistically significant decrease in hardness of the three reline acrylic resins was observed early after the first 30 disinfection cycles. CONCLUSION: The hardness of the tested materials decreased after immersion in water and after long-term repeated chemical disinfections.

scholarly journals Perbankan Syariah dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia: Bagaimana Kontribusinya?

Al-Muzara ah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Emy Widyastuti ◽  
Yusvita Nena Arinta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Investment Financing ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
Variable Consumption

Islamic banking takes part in the Indonesian economic and financial system which contributes to the dynamics of eeconomic growth. The number of Islamic banks in Indonesia, through its market share, is still quite small, namely 5.95% in 2019 of the total national banking market share. One of the main activities of Islamic banking is channeling financing through financing based on the type of use and business category. This study aims to determine the short-term and long-term contribution of Islamic banking to Indonesia's economic growth using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The data used in this study are quarterly secondary data of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and financing based on the use and category of Indonesian Islamic banking business types, which consist of working capital financing, investment financing and consumption financing. The results showed that in the short and long term, the variable consumption financing had a significant negative effect on Indonesia's economic growth.

Explaining the Long-Term Maintenance of a Military Regime: Panama before the U.S. Invasion

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve C. Ropp
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Military Force ◽  
International Banking ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military ◽  
Term Maintenance ◽  
The U.S

Before the U.S. invasion of December 1989, Panama experienced one of the longest periods of military rule in the modern-day history of Latin America. While numerous authoritarian military regimes emerged in the region during the 1960s and established for themselves a relatively high degree of autonomy from both domestic and international actors, only those in Panama, Paraguay, and Chile survived until the late 1980s. And of these three surviving military regimes, only Panama's was ended through the application of external military force. For the past several years, there has been considerable discussion of the factors that seem best to account for General Manuel Antonio Noriega's personal ability to resist U.S. pressure from 1987 until 1989 and to largely insulate himself from the political and economic constraints of Panamanian domestic politics. However, much less attention has been devoted to discussion of the factors that explain the long-term maintenance of the military authoritarian regime in existence for fifteen years prior to his assumption of power. This analysis suggests that the long-term maintenance of Panama's military authoritarian regime was due in large part to its ability to acquire substantial amounts of foreign capital. During the 1970s, such capital was preferentially obtained from the international banking community. During the 1980s, it was obtained through illicit activities of various kinds, including participation in the growing international drug trade.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Ginevičius
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Products ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Suggested Formula

Cooperation is a strategy of an enterprise, seeking to retain its market share. The cooperation means the establishment of long‐term relations of production between economically and legally independent enterprises. The measurement of the level of cooperation achieved plays an important part in this process because it helps to determine the effect of cooperation on the efficiency of commercial activities of an enterprise, as well as the extent of cooperation influence, the conditions required for effective cooperation of enterprises, etc. In the present investigation, the analysis of the cooperation influence on the competitiveness of an enterprise is made, based on the suggested formula for determining the level of the cooperation achieved by enterprises. The analysis performed shows that this influence is not strong, implying that the appropriate organisational forms of cooperation have not been found yet. Cooperation mainly affects the profitability of an enterprise. The analysis of cooperation in the area of production shows that cooperation in production, and the development of new technologies and new products is most important for achieving enterprise profitability. The number of partners also has a great influence on cooperation effectiveness. Santrauka Kooperacija yra vienas iš imones strategines elgsenos būdu siekiant išlikti rinkoje. Tai nuolatiniu il‐galaikiu gamybiniu ryšiu nustatymas tarp ūkiškai ir teisiškai savarankišku imoniu. Svarbus vaidmuo kooperacijoje tenka jos pasiekto lygio matavimui, nes be to neimanoma nagrineti jos poveikio imoniu komercines veiklos efektyvumui, nustatyti šio poveikio ribu, efektyvios kooperacijos salygu ir pan. Re‐miantis pasiūlyta imoniu kooperacijos pasiekto lygio nustatymo formule, atlikta kooperacijos poveikio imones konkurencines veiklos rezultatams analize parode, kad jis nera stiprus, vadinasi, dar nerastos tinkamos organizacines jos formos. Kooperacija daro didžiausia itaka imones turto pelningumui. Ga‐mybos funkciju kooperavimo analize parode, kad labiausiai imoniu turto pelninguma veikia gamybos bei nauju technologiju ir produkto išvystymo kooperavimas. Didele itaka kooperacijos efektyvumui taip pat turi partneriu skaičius.

Rational Politics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Petersson
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
System P ◽  
Commissions Of Inquiry ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Swedish Politics ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Error Method

Swedish politics can still be characterized as deliberative, rationalistic, open, and consensual but only if these four concepts are reinterpreted. Sweden has changed from a long-term “sounding-out” style of policy-making to a short-term and iterative trial-and-error method. Whereas commissions of inquiry in the 1960s were expected to carry out thoroughgoing investigations of policy alternatives and their possible consequences, since the 1980s they have been ordered to finish their assignments in less time and deliver shorter reports. Political decisions today are taken on a much less solid factual ground. The political process has moved from a consensus-seeking system based on selected access for a few major interests to a competitive and open-ended system.

A Comparison between Architects' and Residents' Perceived Living Quality in Wooden Multifamily Houses in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Fredrik Lindblad ◽  
Åsa Gustavsson
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Quality Perceptions ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Modern Building

Abstract There is currently great interest in the production of wooden multifamily houses in Sweden, due to increased environmental concern combined with a demand for modern building solutions. The focus in industry and academia alike has been dominated by new innovative building solutions along with increased industrialization of the building process, aiming to improve the overall building quality and the profitability for the involved actors. However, little attention has been paid to what the residents perceive as living quality. Understanding residents' perceived living quality—compared with architects' perceptions—allows the possibility of adjusting the modern building solution of wooden multifamily houses in order to meet residents' actual expectations and, in the long term, to increase the wood-building industries' market share. The purpose of this article is to compare how residents and architects perceive living quality and whether these stakeholders' perceptions differ regarding building type and material choice (i.e., multifamily wooden or concrete buildings). A survey was sent out to 485 respondents in Sweden to gain insight into living quality perceptions. The results revealed discrepancies in what is perceived to be important in new housing development, although neither group was willing to pay more to live in a wooden building compared with a concrete building.

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