scholarly journals Putative fossil blood cells reinterpreted as diagenetic structures

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12651
Author(s):  
Dana E. Korneisel ◽  
Sterling J. Nesbitt ◽  
Sarah Werning ◽  
Shuhai Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fossil Bone ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Petrified Wood ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Surrounding Bone ◽  
Cell Preservation

Red to red-orange spheres in the vascular canals of fossil bone thin sections have been repeatedly reported using light microscopy. Some of these have been interpreted as the fossilized remains of blood cells or, alternatively, pyrite framboids. Here, we assess claims of blood cell preservation within bones of the therizinosauroid theropod Beipiaosaurus inexpectus from the Jehol Lagerstätte. Using Raman spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, we found evidence of high taphonomic alteration of the bone. We also found that the vascular canals in the bone, once purported to contain fossil red blood cell, are filled with a mix of clay minerals and carbonaceous compounds. The spheres could not be analyzed in isolation, but we did not find any evidence of pyrite or heme compounds in the vessels, surrounding bone, or matrix. However, we did observe similar spheres under light microscopy in petrified wood found in proximity to the dinosaur. Consequently, we conclude that the red spheres are most likely diagenetic structures replicated by the clay minerals present throughout the vascular canals.

The Preservation of Human Red Blood Cell Agglutinogens in Liquid Nitrogen: Study of a Technic Suitable for Routine Blood Banking

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM R. BRONSON ◽  
MARY H. MCGINNISS ◽  
Robert J. Eisel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Blood Banking ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Cell Preservation

Abstract A simple method for the preservation of red blood cells in liquid nitrogen suitable for routine laboratory use is described. With this method, erythrocyte antigens retain their integrity for at least six months and, after thawing, remain active for at least two weeks in Alsever’s Solution. A panel of cells preserved in liquid nitrogen is as satisfactory as fresh cells in defining irregular antibodies encountered in patient sera. The advantages of this technic over other methods of red blood cell preservation is discussed.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

Blood Cell Parameters and Predicting Coronary In-Stent Restenosis

Angiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Chi Liu ◽  
Hong Fang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
In Stent Restenosis

Major advances in coronary interventional techniques and pharmacotherapy as well as the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) have considerably reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, ISR remains a major clinical challenge. Inflammation and platelet activation are important processes that underlie the pathophysiology of ISR. Parameters related to blood cells, entailing both cell count and morphology, are useful markers of the inflammatory response and platelet activation in clinical practice. Recent studies have highlighted several new combined or derived parameters related to blood cells that independently predict ISR after DES implantation. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, an inflammatory marker, is regarded as a predictor of the risk of ISR and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. The mean platelet volume, a widely used platelet activation parameter, has been shown to be a predictor of the risk of ISR and the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy. Other markers considered include the platelet/lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, and platelet distribution width. This review provides an overview of these parameters that may help stratify the risk of coronary angiographic and clinical outcomes related to ISR.

Real-time Red Blood Cell Counting and Osmolarity Analysis using a Photoacoustic-based Microfluidic System

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Zhao ◽  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Yangdong Wen ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Boliang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
System P ◽  
Blood Cell Counting

Counting the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood samples is a common clinical diagnostic procedure, but conventional methods are unable to provide the size and other physical properties...

scholarly journals White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Yitang Sun ◽  
Jingqi Zhou ◽  
Kaixiong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Blood Cell Count

Increasing evidence shows that white blood cells are associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the direction and causality of this association are not clear. To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and the COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with summary statistics from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies. Our MR results indicated causal protective effects of higher basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count on severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation increment of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98), respectively. Neither COVID-19 severity nor susceptibility was associated with white blood cell traits in our reverse MR results. Genetically predicted high basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count are associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19. Individuals with a lower genetic capacity for basophils are likely at risk, while enhancing the production of basophils may be an effective therapeutic strategy.

Microfluidic electrical impedance assessment of red blood cell mediated microvascular occlusion

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncheng Man ◽  
Debnath Maji ◽  
Ran An ◽  
Sanjay Ahuja ◽  
Jane A Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Blood Disorders

Alterations in the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs), occurring in hemolytic blood disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD), contributes to vaso-occlusion and disease pathophysiology. However, there are few...

Reorientation of a single red blood cell during sedimentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 102-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Matsunaga ◽  
Y. Imai ◽  
C. Wagner ◽  
T. Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Viscosity Ratio ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Bond Number ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Main Factors

The reorientation phenomenon of a single red blood cell during sedimentation is simulated using the boundary element method. The cell settles downwards due to a density difference between the internal and external fluids, and it changes orientation toward a vertical orientation regardless of Bond number or viscosity ratio. The reorientation phenomenon is explained by a shape asymmetry caused by the gravitational driving force, and the shape asymmetry increases almost linearly with the Bond number. When velocities are normalised by the driving force, settling/drifting velocities are weak functions of the Bond number and the viscosity ratio, while the angular velocity of the reorientation drastically changes with these parameters: the angular velocity is smaller for lower Bond number or higher viscosity ratio. As a consequence, trajectories of the sedimentation are also affected by the angular velocity, and blood cells with slower reorientation travel longer distances in the drifting direction. We also explain the mechanism of the reorientation using an asymmetric dumbbell. From the analysis, we show that the magnitude of the angular velocity is explained by two main factors: the shape asymmetry and the instantaneous orientation angle.

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