scholarly journals Iberian pig adaptation to acorn consumption: II. Net portal appearance of amino acids

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Lachica ◽  
Jose Miguel Rodríguez-López ◽  
Lucrecia González-Valero ◽  
Ignacio Fernández-Fígares
Keyword(s):  
Blood Collection ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Portal Plasma ◽  
Iberian Pig ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fractional Absorption

In Iberian pig outdoor production, pigs are fed equilibrated diets until the final fattening period when grazing pigs consume mainly acorns from oak trees. Acorns are rich in energy but poor in crude protein where lysine is the first limiting amino acid (AA). Net portal appearance (NPA) is very useful to ascertain AA available for liver and peripheral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine NPA of AA in Iberian gilts fed with acorns and to ascertain if there was an effect of acorn feeding over time. Two sampling periods were carried out (after one day and after one week of acorn feeding) with six gilts (34 kg average BW) set up with three catheters: in carotid artery and portal vein for blood sampling, and ileal vein for a marker infusion to measure portal plasma flow (PPF). Pigs were fed at 2.5 × ME for maintenance a standard diet in two meals, at 09:00 (0.25) and 15:00 h (the remaining 0.75). The day previous to first sampling, pig diet was replaced by 2.4 kg of acorn. A serial blood collection was done at −5 min, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5 and 6 h after feeding 0.25 of total daily acorn ration. Following identical protocol, one week later the second sampling was done. NPA of sum of essential AA (EAA) was poor. Although increased NPA of histidine (P < 0.001), leucine, phenylalanine and valine (0.05 < P < 0.08) was found after one week of acorn consumption, the sum of EAA did not change. Furthermore, fractional absorption (NPA/AA intake) of EAA, non-essential AA (NEAA) and total AA was 97, 44 and 49% lower, respectively, at the beginning of eating acorn than a week later. Supplementation, with some of the EAA and NEAA to Iberian pigs during the grazing period would be beneficial to overcome the increased portal-drained viscera (PDV) utilization of AA observed in the present study.

scholarly journals Iberian pig adaptation to acorn consumption: I. Net portal appearance of metabolites

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Fernández-Fígares ◽  
Jose Miguel Rodríguez-López ◽  
Lucrecia González-Valero ◽  
Manuel Lachica
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Sampling Session ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Portal Plasma ◽  
Set Up

Most valuable cured products from Iberian pigs come from pure bred animals raised for a final grazing-fattening period where pigs eat mainly acorns, a low protein energy rich fruit. This is a nutritional challenge for animals fed equilibrated diets from weaning. The aim of the study was to determine net portal appearance (NPA) of metabolites in gilts fed acorns and evaluate adaptational changes after one week of feeding. Two sampling periods were carried out (after one day and after one week of acorn feeding) with six gilts (34 kg average BW) set up with three catheters: in carotid artery and portal vein for blood sampling, and ileal vein for para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) infusion to measure portal plasma flow (PPF). Pigs were fed at 2.5 × ME for maintenance a standard diet in two portions, at 09:00 (0.25) and 15:00 h (the remaining 0.75). On the day prior to the first sampling period, pigs were fed 2.4 kg of oak acorns. After feeding 0.25 of ration a 6 h serial blood collection was initiated. Following an identical protocol, a second sampling session was performed 1 week later. Adaptation to acorn consumption decreased NPA of ammonia (47%,P < 0.001). Although there was a transfer of urea from the gastrointestinal tract to the circulation in both sampling periods, no differences in NPA of urea was found (P > 0.05). NPA of glucose was not influenced by sampling period (P > 0.05), but NPA of lactate was greatly increased (231%,P < 0.001). There was a negative NPA of albumin although adaptation to acorn feeding did not alter it. Although NPA of triglycerides and cholesterol were unchanged, a subtle increase in arterial and portal cholesterol was noticed (9.6%,P < 0.01). Pigs fed a protein deficient diet for one week adapted decreasing NPA of ammonia for saving metabolic energy as less ammonia would become available for conversion to urea.

Effect of Sample Heterogeneity on near Infrared Meat Analysis: The Use of the RMS Statistic

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A313-A320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Martínez ◽  
Ana Garrido-Varo ◽  
E. De Pedro ◽  
L. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Iberian Pig ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sample Heterogeneity ◽  
Meat Analysis

Ground and emulsified samples from Iberian pig hams were analysed by reflectance and interactance reflectance mode. Spectral errors due to intra-sample variations were calculated for both analysis modes. The spectral errors were calculated by means of the STD RMS statistic included on the ISI software. The results obtained show that a mean STD RMS value as low as 4200, could be obtained for paired subsamples of the same sample and that an STD limit of 4374 could be fixed at the instrument set-up program in order to ensure that a representative spectrum has been obtained from two subsamples readings of the same sample. That procedure avoids the need to take numerous subsamples, as is traditional in NIR/NIT meat analysis. The results also show that the spectral repeatability using fiber optic is worse than for spinning cups and it has been concluded that effort should be made to avoid moisture variations during scanning in order to improve spectral repeatability.

A guideline nomogram to control intraoperative haemodilution in cardiac surgery

Perfusion ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ranucci ◽  
D. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Set Up

Intraoperative blood collection prior to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a common procedure in cardiac surgery. Its aims are to obtain fresh whole blood to be infused after CPB, to use autologous blood in the prime or to avoid too high levels of haematocrit (HCT) during CPB. Calculations to determine the amount of blood to be collected are generally based on theoretical assumptions. In this paper we have set up and controlled, on a clinical basis, a nomogram to be used in order to obtain a standard pre-CPB HCT equal to 38%, using a moderately hypervolaemic haemodilution based on blood collection simultaneous with fluid replacement. Thirty adult patients were evaluated in order to settle the nomogram; subsequently, the nomogram validity was checked on 100 adult patients. Statistical analysis revealed the good clinical usefulness of this instrument.

scholarly journals Brain HIV-1 latently-infected reservoirs targeted by the suicide gene strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Saeb ◽  
Mehrdad Ravanshad ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim ◽  
Fadoua Daouad ◽  
Kazem Baesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Gene ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Shock And Kill ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Several strategies are currently investigated to reduce the pool of all HIV-1 reservoirs in infected patients in order to achieve functional cure. The most prominent HIV-1 cell reservoirs in the brain are microglial cells. Virus infection maybe lifelong. Infected microglial cells are believed to be the source of peripheral tissues reseeding and responsible for the emergence of drug resistance. Clearing infected cells from the brain is therefore crucial. However, many characteristics of microglial cells and the central nervous system prevent the eradication of brain reservoirs. Current trials, such as “shock and kill”, the “deep and lock” and the gene editing strategies do not respond to these difficulties. Therefore, new strategies have to be designed when considering brain reservoirs such as microglial cells. We set up an original gene suicide strategy using a latently infected microglial model. In this paper we provide proof of concept of this strategy. Our results demonstrate that this strategy enables the eradication of latently-infected microglial cells.

scholarly journals Effects of resveratrol on changes induced by high-fat feeding on clock genes in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Miranda ◽  
María P. Portillo ◽  
Juan Antonio Madrid ◽  
Noemí Arias ◽  
M. Terasa Macarulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Fat Feeding

In mammals, the main component of the circadian system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. However, circadian clocks are also present in most peripheral tissues, such as adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to analyse the potential effects of resveratrol on changes induced by high-fat feeding in the expression of clock genes and clock-controlled genes in the white adipose tissue from rats. For this purpose, rats were divided into three groups: a control group, fed a standard diet, and two other groups, either fed a high-fat diet supplemented with resveratrol (RSV) or no resveratrol (HF). The expression of clock genes and clock-controlled genes was analysed by RT-PCR. Protein expression and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity were also analysed. When comparing the controls, the RSV group showed similar patterns of response to the HF group, except for reverse erythroblastosis virus α (Rev-Erbα), which was down-regulated. The expression of this gene reached the same levels as in control rats. The response pattern of protein expression forRev-Erbαwas similar to that found for gene expression. High-fat feeding up-regulated all adipogenic genes and resveratrol did not modify them. In the HF group, the activity of FAS tended to increase, while resveratrol decreased. In conclusion, resveratrol reverses the change induced by high-fat feeding in the expression ofRev-Erbαin adipose tissue, which means that clock machinery is a target for this polyphenol. This change seems to be related to reduced lipogenesis, which might be involved in the body fat-lowering effect of this molecule.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON TRIACYLGLYCEROL LEVEL IN SKELETAL MUSCLES IN DIETARY-INDUCED OBESE RATS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Yakimovich ◽  
D. A. Borodin ◽  
I. K. Podrezov ◽  
V. V. Ivanov ◽  
V. N. Vasiliyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Triacylglycerol Level ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The accumulation of triacylglycerol in peripheral tissues is one of mechanisms of insulin resistance. This paper presents the investigation of the influence of aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises on triacylglycerol level in skeletal muscles and on insulin resistance in dietary-induced obese rats. It is estimated that a high-energy (HE) diet causes the accumulation of triacylglycerols in skeletal muscles that leads to high resistance to insulin. Aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises reduce the level of triacylglycerols in skeletal  muscles  and  raise  sensitivity to  insulin  in  obese  rats.  Physical  exercises  raise  the  level  of triacylglycerols in skeletal muscles in standard-diet rats that probably is the adaptation to high energy expenditure, but does not lead to high insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Brain HIV-1 latently-infected reservoirs targeted by the suicide gene strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Saeb ◽  
Mehrdad Ravanshad ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim ◽  
Fadoua Daouad ◽  
Kazem Baesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Gene ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Shock And Kill ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractReducing the pool of HIV-1 reservoirs in patients is a must to achieve functional cure. The most prominent HIV-1 cell reservoirs are resting CD4 + T cells and brain derived microglial cells. Infected microglial cells are believed to be the source of peripheral tissues reseedings and the emergence of drug resistance. Clearing infected cells from the brain is therefore crucial. However, many characteristics of microglial cells and the central nervous system make extremely difficult their eradication from brain reservoirs. Current methods, such as the “shock and kill”, the “block and lock” and gene editing strategies cannot override these difficulties. Therefore, new strategies have to be designed when considering the elimination of brain reservoirs. We set up an original gene suicide strategy using latently infected microglial cells as model cells. In this paper we provide proof of concept of this strategy.

Hypothalamic release of atrial natriuretic factor and β-endorphin into rat hypophysial portal plasma: relationship to oestrous cycle and effects of hypophysectomy

1991 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Sheward ◽  
A. Lim ◽  
B. Alder ◽  
D. Copolov ◽  
R. C. Dow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Portal Plasma ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

ABSTRACT The release of β-endorphin and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) into hypophysial portal plasma was investigated in male and female Wistar rats. The principal aim of the study was to investigate the possible role of β-endorphin and ANF in the hypothalamic control of LH and prolactin secretion. In male rats, anaesthetized with urethane, the concentrations of β-endorphin in portal blood collected immediately after hypophysectomy were within the same range as those in peripheral plasma. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of the median eminence did not increase the portal plasma concentrations of β-endorphin. In female rats, anaesthetized with alphaxalone, the portal plasma concentrations in long-term (6–8 weeks) or acutely hypophysectomized rats were significantly greater than those in peripheral plasma. In acutely hypophysectomized female rats the concentrations and contents of β-endorphin in portal plasma collected at 10.00–11.30 h of pro-oestrus were significantly (approximately sixfold) greater than at dioestrus or at 20.00–21.00 h of pro-oestrus, but these changes were not consistently seen in all experiments. In female rats in which the pituitary gland was not removed for portal blood collection, portal plasma contents of ANF remained unchanged throughout the day of pro-oestrus, suggesting that it is unlikely that ANF is involved in the spontaneous LH or prolactin surge. The effects of ovarian steroids on the secretion of hypothalamic ANF and β-endorphin were determined by measuring the portal plasma concentration of ANF and β-endorphin on the morning of presumptive pro-oestrus in rats ovariectomized 24 h previously and injected with either oil or oestradial benzoate (OB). Portal plasma contents of ANF were significantly lower in OB- compared with oil-treated rats, suggesting that oestradiol inhibits ANF release into rat hypophysial portal plasma. In contrast, there were no significant between-group differences in the content or concentration of β-endorphin in portal plasma. Thus, the increased β-endorphin in the portal plasma of some of the intact animals during the morning of pro-oestrus is not due to the preovulatory surge of oestradiol-17β. The output of β-endorphin into portal blood in long-term hypophysectomized rats was lower than in dioestrous or pro-oestrous rats in which the pituitary gland was removed immediately before portal blood collection. Taken together, these results suggest that β-endorphin release into portal plasma may depend upon normal physiological levels of pituitary and pituitary-dependent hormones in the circulation, and that β-endorphin release into portal blood is not controlled by short- or long-loop negative feedback. In sum, these data confirm that in adult female rats, ANF and β-endorphin are released into hypophysial portal plasma and show (i) that the secretion of ANF, but not of β-endorphin, can be affected by oestradiol, (ii) that the concentrations of ANF in portal plasma are sufficient to affect the release of pituitary hormones but are not related to plasma concentrations of LH and prolactin during the afternoon of pro-oestrus, (iii) that whilst there is no simple inverse relationship between βendorphin overflow into portal plasma and LHRH secretion, the increased release of β-endorphin during the morning of pro-oestrus may be consistent with a role for this peptide in triggering the pro-oestrous surge of pro-lactin, and (iv) that a sex difference in β-endorphin release into portal plasma is suggested by the absence of β-endorphin in the portal plasma of male rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 131, 113–125

scholarly journals Psychological and social consequences of earthquakes in central Italy. Experience in the Ambito Territoriale Sociale XXIV of the Marche Region, November 2016.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Marche Region ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Collection Point

The hospital of Amandola was evacuated on the night of August 24, as was the annexed RSA, and was at that time the most important public building hit by the earthquake in the Marche Region. The hospital is a centuries-old institution serving an area much larger than the eleven municipalities of ATS 24, and includes more than 20,000 inhabitants of the provinces of Ascoli Piceno Fermo and Macerata and falls within the typology of mountain hospitals. The quake of October 30 determined the closure of outpatient services that were still active and of the dialysis service that had just resumed functioning. At the same time, a first aid station was set up in the area of Amandola called Pian di contro, together with a blood collection point for the most immediate needs of the population.

scholarly journals OS6.5 ERGO2: A prospective randomized trial of a 9-day schedule of calorically restricted ketogenic diet and fasting or standard diet in addition to re-irradiation for malignant glioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii13-iii13
Author(s):  
M Voss ◽  
M Wagner ◽  
N von Mettenheim ◽  
P N Harter ◽  
K Wenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Heavily Pretreated ◽  
Set Up

Abstract BACKGROUND Ketogenic diet (KD) and fasting have anticancer effects in tumor models, possibly due to a differential stress response with sensitization of tumor cells and protection of normal tissue. We therefore set up ERGO2 (NCT01754350), the first randomized clinical trial of calorically-restricted KD and intermittent fasting (KD-IF) in addition to re-irradiation for recurrent malignant gliomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients were randomized 1:1 to re-irradiation combined with either calorically unrestricted diet (standard diet, SD) or KD-IF. The KD-IF schedule included 3 days of KD (21–23 kcal/kg/d), followed by 3 days of fasting and again 3 days of KD. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months (PFS6). Secondary endpoints were PFS, local control, overall survival (OS), frequency of epileptic seizures, rate of ketosis and quality of life. RESULTS 50 patients were included. Four patients quit the trial before treatment and three patients stopped KD-IF prematurely. Of the 20 patients who completed KD-IF, 17 patients developed ketosis at day 6, and glucose levels declined significantly. KD-IF was well-tolerated with a modest weight loss of -2.1±1.8 kg. No severe adverse events attributable to the diet occurred. There was no difference in PFS6 between the two groups (KD-IF: 20%, SD: 16%). Similarly, no difference in PFS, local PFS6 and OS were observable. Explorative analysis revealed that among patients of the KD-IF group, those who achieved ketosis of at least 1.5 mmol/l had significantly longer PFS compared to those with lesser or no ketosis. CONCLUSION KD-IF is feasible and effective in inducing ketosis in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent glioblastoma. However, the short schedule reported here failed to increase the efficacy of re-irradiation.

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