Facets of Machismo and Maternalism in Fictional Philippine Settings

The legal implication of infidelity in Philippine law serves as an initial display of “machismo” that reflects the propensity and pervasiveness of its concept in Philippine society. As a response to society’s partiality to male’s gender role, the gender role of women called “maternalism” has surfaced. This gender role identifies itself as a manifestation of society’s concept of gender roles including double-standard machismo. This paper aims to disclose how desire is depicted as justification to the existence of machismo and maternalism in selected Philippine short stories like “Magnificence,” “Of Fish, Flies, Dogs and Women,” “The Chieftest Mourner,” “Thirsty is the Arid Land,” and “Wedding Dance.” This paper also supports the concept of desire with pleasure principle and tripartite model of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis. The paper’s critical point focuses on how infidelity is reflected in said stories, thereby leading to understanding its concept as manifested by characters’ gender roles. This paper also employs the descriptive literary analysis anchored on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutics. In addition, the paper also discusses the binary opposition of marriage and infidelity, faithfulness and unfaithfulness, along with its implication to the couple and the society in general. The paper identifies culture as an inherent factor in addressing the questions of gender roles in Philippine fiction.Keywords – Literature, machismo, maternalism, hermeneutics, psychoanalysis, literary analysis, gender roles, descriptive design, Philippines

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An investigation of university students’ homophobia levels regarding gender and gender rolesÜniversitesi öğrencilerinin homofobi düzeylerinin cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolleri açısından incelenmesi

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4044 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 4011

Author(s):

İsmail Sanberk ◽

Metehan Çelik ◽

Mehmet Gök

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

University Students ◽

Gender Role ◽

Personal Information ◽

Total Rate ◽

Scale Scores ◽

The Common ◽

And Gender ◽

The University

The aim is to examine the investigation whether gender, gender role and both of them is effective on the homophobia levels among the university students or not. The sample includes 202 girls (63%) and 118 men (37%), total rate 320 students from different departments of Çukurova Univercity. The data is collected through Personal Information Form, Bem Gender Role Invantory and Hudson Ricket Homophobia Scale. The findings reflect that university students’ homophobia levels differ significantly in terms of gender and gender roles. It means that, those men and masculine gender role they have received from homophobia scale scores were significantly higher. However, the gender and the role of gender have not been found to play a significant role on the common effects of homophobia. Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsiyet, cinsiyet rolleri ve her iki değişkenin homofobi düzeyi üzerinde, ortak etki gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Çukurova Üniversitesinin farklı bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 202’si kız (%63) ve 118’i erkek (%37) olmak üzere toplam 320 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Bem Cinsiyet Rolü ve Hudson ve Ricket Homofobi Ölçekleri aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular üniversite öğrencilerinin homofobi puanlarının cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolü açısından anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Buna göre erkekler ve cinsiyet rolü erkeksi olanların homofobi ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlar anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ancak cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolü ortak etkisinin homofobi üzerinde anlamlı rol oynamadığı tespit edilmiştir.

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The irony as a sense of reality (on the example of the short stories of O. Konyskyi)

Synopsis Text Context Media ◽

10.28925/2311-259x.2020.4.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 124-130

Author(s):

Nadiia Boiko

Keyword(s):

Short Stories ◽

Literary Criticism ◽

Point Of View ◽

Literary Analysis ◽

Dominant Feature ◽

Sense Of Reality ◽

Empirical Research Methods ◽

The One ◽

The Individual

The article deals with the analysis of the short stories by O. Konyskyi from the point of view of irony functioning in them. S. Kierkegaard compared irony to divine madness, which, like Tamerlane, did not leave a stone unturned, because “in the irony, negativity takes precedence over positivity, freedom over necessity”. In the modern literary criticism, irony is seen, on the one hand, as an aesthetic category, the characteristic feature of which is the lack of care to make the reader laugh; it is primarily a matter of marking of the author’s perception of reality (“Ironic meaning” by S. Pokhodnia). On the other hand — irony is viewed as a stylistic figure, which is based on allegory and which testifies to the potential of the individual authorial style. However, in both cases, to understand the true meaning of an ironic statement, it is necessary to have a context, which is its main semantic background. In a number of works by O. Konyskyi, irony serves as a means to express certain traits of character and behaviour of the character and is exemplified through epithets and comparisons. Less often, it becomes a means to construct the text and a plot-forming factor, as is in the story “And we are people!” The subject of the study is irony as a complex (two-tier) message, the purpose to understand the hidden content of which requires context. The object of the literary analysis is comprised of the short stories by O. Konyskyi, that have not yet been considered from this point of view. The latter fact informs the novelty of the study. The purpose of the article is to clarify the place and the role of irony in the bulk of short stories by this writer. The outlined goal determines reaching the following objectives: to trace the dynamics of the apperiance of different types of irony in the short stories by O. Konyskyi; to identity the dependence of the frequency and the form the ironic expression; to find out the influence of the author’s ironic approach on the form the work. As a result of the analysis by means of the approaches of biographical, historical-literary and empirical research methods, it was possible to find out: despite the fact that irony is not a dominant feature of O. Konyskyi’s worldview, in his short stories works with textual irony stand out.

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Utopian Feminism in the Background of Revolutionary Europe

International Journal of Social Science and Human Research ◽

10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i4-26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Akash Chatterjee ◽

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Role ◽

19Th Century ◽

Public Life ◽

Special Importance ◽

Modern History ◽

Early 19Th Century ◽

The Public ◽

And Gender

While sociology as a discipline prides in explaining the intricacies of gender and how the various gender roles play out in our society, it is ultimately the chronology and course of history that platters the ideas and events as they ought to have taken place, to fuel the food for thought in other disciplines. Role of women or studies on women have always assumed some special importance in the light of the inherent patriarchy to which womenfolk often found themselves to be subordinated, excluded from the public life and academics, writing. Notwithstanding, the force and tide of time did lead to many upheavals in Europe in the early 19th Century and significance of women although not actively but passively grew up to take a very prominent place in modern History. This paper focuses chiefly on women and their movements in early 19th Century – the coinage of the term Utopian feminism and how revolutionary times call for unprecedented changes both in society and gender role orders.

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The Influence of Gender Roles and Coping Strategies to The Fishermen’s Family Happiness Index

Journal of Family Sciences ◽

10.29244/jfs.5.1.1-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Rona Aulia Karimah ◽

Herien Puspitawati

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Role ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Coping ◽

Positive Effect

Seasonal changes will have an impact on the lives of fishermen’s families, especially the economic sector. Changes in the sea and non-sea seasons have an impact on family cooperation in survival. These effects will be seen in the gender role of husband and wife in solving problems in fishermen’s families. This study aims to analyze the effect of gender roles and coping strategies on fishermen’s family happiness index. The study design used a cross-sectional study with interviews and questionnaire assistance. The research sample was selected by purposive sampling with respondents of 40 fishermen’s families in the Toboali District, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The gender role variables, coping strategies, and fishermen’s family happiness index are in the medium category. There is a correlation between coping strategies with the happiness index of fishermen’s families. The number of family members shows a significant negative effect on the happiness index in the sea and non-sea seasons. Meanwhile, coping strategies present a significant positive effect on the happiness index of fishermen’s families in the sea and non-sea seasons.

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Empathetic Concern in Emerging Adolescents: The Role of Theory of Mind and Gender Roles

The Journal of Early Adolescence ◽

10.1177/02724316211002258 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 027243162110022

Author(s):

Katherine Andrews ◽

Liliana Lariccia ◽

Victoria Talwar ◽

Sandra Bosacki

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Mind ◽

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Role ◽

Role Orientation ◽

Gender Role Orientation ◽

Young Adolescents ◽

Femininity And Masculinity ◽

And Gender

The current study examined the roles of gender, and gender-role orientation in young adolescents’ empathetic concern. In addition, this study aimed to explore the contribution of Theory of Mind in participants’ empathetic concern. Finally, this study examined whether gender and gender-role orientation were implicated in emerging adolescents’ Theory of Mind understanding. One-hundred-fifty 11- to 12-year-olds (79 self-identified females) completed questionnaires measuring their empathetic concern, Theory of Mind, and their perceived gender-role orientation. Results showed that gender-role orientation, specifically, femininity and masculinity predicted empathetic concern above and beyond gender. In addition, the effects of cognitive and affective Theory of Mind are explored and discussed in relation to empathetic concern. Finally, neither gender nor gender-role orientation was found to contribute to participants’ Theory of Mind understanding. These findings suggest that emerging adolescents’ perceived gender roles, as well as their ability to consider another’s beliefs, play a role in their expression of empathetic concern.

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GENDER PERSPEKTIF ETIKA PESANTREN (Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan Kiai dan Nyai Tentang Sosialisasi Gender di Lingkungan Sosial Pondok Pesantren Wahidhasyim Sleman Yogyakarta)

An-Nisa' : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman ◽

10.35719/annisa.v13i2.35 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 313-332

Author(s):

Erfan Efendi

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Gender Socialization ◽

Boarding School ◽

Gender Construction ◽

Socialization Process ◽

Men And Women ◽

Women In Islam

Gender socialization in pesantren is a top priority because gender construction in pesantren is very dependent on how gender identity is also formed through how strong the socialization process is. The identity formed in the pesantren will then become a reference for the students to socialize or interact with the environment outside the pesantren. From that, the issue of gender or equal partnerships between men and women, which was previously known as the increase in the position of the role of women in Islam, has increasingly attracted a lot of progress and success. There are two orientations in socializing gender in pesantren, namely: first, strengthening the normativity of gender roles . This role is performed by most of the kyai, nyai, and teachers. Second, prioritizing gender role textuality. This motive is carried out by a small number of madrasah teachers and badal kyai and nyai when conducting recitation at the pesantren. The problem is the focus of this research discussion. First, what is the role of kyai and nyai leadership in gender socialization at the Wahid Hasyim Islamic boarding school, Sleman Yogyakarta. Second, how to implement gender criteria in the regulations of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Third, how is the implementation of the santri behavior of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Sosialisasi gender di pesantren menjadi prioritas utama sebab konstruksi gender yang ada di pesantren sangat bergantung pada bagaimana identitas gender juga dibentuk melalui seberapa kuat proses sosialisasinya. Identitas yang terbentuk di pesantren selanjutnya akan menjadi acuan para santri untuk bermasyarakat ataupun berinteraksi dengan lingkungan di luar pesantren. Dari itu, persoalan gender atau kemitra sejajaran antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang sebelumnya dikenal dengan peningkatan kedudukan peran perempuan dalam Islam semakin menarik banyak kemajuan dan keberhasilan.Terdapat dua orientasi dalam mensosialisasikan gender di pesantren, yaitu: pertama, menguatkan normativitas peran-peran gender. Peran ini dilakukan oleh sebagian besar para kyai, nyai, dan guru. Kedua, mengedepankan tekstualitas peran gender. Motif ini dilakukan oleh sebagian kecil guru madrasah dan badal kyai serta nyai ketika melakukan pengajian di pesantren. Adapun problem yang menjadi fokus pembahasan penelitian ini. Pertama, Bagaiman peran kepemimpinan kyai dan nyai dalam sosialisasi gender di pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Kedua, Bagaimana implementasi kesteraan gender dalam peraturan pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Ketiga, bagaimana implementasi pada perilaku santri pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta.

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SOCIAL LOAFING DAN PERAN GENDER PADA MAHASISWA

Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA ◽

10.26858/talenta.v3i1.13033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Kurniati Zainuddin ◽

Nurfitriany Fakhri

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Role ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Total Sample ◽

Social Loafing ◽

Traditional Gender Roles ◽

The Difference ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract. This study aims to determine the difference between androgynous and indistinguishable gender roles to social loafing on the students of faculty of Psychology at UNM. This study uses the comparative method to determine the role of androgyny and indistinguishable gender role to social loafing, with a total sample 54 subjects. The population of this study were students of Psychology UNM faculty. Data collected by the scale of social loafing and traditional gender roles. The data collected was analyzed using One Way ANOVA statistical analysis. The results showed that there were the differences in gender roles androgyny and indistinguishable to social loafing, where individuals who develop gender roles indistinguishable characteristics will tend to experience social loafing problems, compared with individuals who develop the characteristic androgynous gender roles. Keywords: Social loafing, androgynous gender roles, indistinguishable gender roles Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara peran gender androgini dan tak terbedakan terhadap social loafing pada mahasiswa fakultas Psikologi UNM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif yang digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peranan peran gender androgini dan tak terbedakan terhadap social loafing, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 54 subjek. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa fakultas Psikologi UNM. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengggunakan skala social loafing dan peran gender. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa terdapat perbedaan peran gender androgini dan tidak terbedakan terhadap social loafing, dimana individu yang mengembangkan karakteristik peran gender tak terbedakan akan cenderung mengalami masalah social loafing, dibandingkan dengan individu yang mengembangkan karakteristik peran gender androgini. Kata Kunci: Social loafing, peran gender androgini, peran gender tak terbedakan

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