scholarly journals Pathology of COVID-19: A Review of Emerging Evidences from Autopsy Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seetu Palo ◽  
Debadutta Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Organ Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics ◽  
Glomerular Capillaries

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is caused by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‑2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The disease was first reported from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and since then it continues to spread worldwide. Although, there are rapidly increasing number of studies on epidemiologic characteristics and clinical aspects of COVID‑19, its pathology still remains a largely unexplored territory, mainly due to limited autopsy studies. Autopsy studies are essential to demonstrate the spectrum of COVID‑19‑associated organ changes. This article reviews and highlights the important histopathological findings observed in different organ systems as evident from various published and anecdotal reports from across the world. Major histopathological findings in the lungs include different stages of Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD) and microthrombi along with variable degree of inflammation. Microscopic analysis of renal parenchyma may show acute tubular injury and fibrin thrombi in the glomerular capillaries. Heart, liver and brain show no significant inflammatory changes.

scholarly journals Osteolysis Affecting the Jaws in Systemic Sclerosis: Clinical and Osseous Changes Based on a Case Presentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S30510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Delantoni ◽  
E. Matziari
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Similar Images ◽  
Osseous Changes ◽  
Condylar Head ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Objectives The aim of the current paper is to present a case of systemic sclerosis of the jaws with all the characteristics and some extensive findings. Methods Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue condition characterized by chronic inflammatory changes, presenting with a number of symptoms. The paper aims to present a case of systemic sclerosis that had some of the characteristics of the condition unilaterally. The features were prominent and well demarcated on the panoramic radiograph. Results The panoramic radiograph of the patient showed extensive condylar head resorption almost to the level of complete flattening. Discussion The rarity of the condition and the awareness the oral radiologist must have upon presentation of similar images is the main reason for the presentation of the case. The features the case presents are both characteristic and well demarcated. Finally, the authors try to alert the clinician, who should be mindful of the fact that sclerodermatous involvement of organ systems is so pleotropic, that it may include the oral cavity, which is not always thoroughly observed, and is often left unattended by medical practitioners.

Anetoderma due to secondary syphilis: Report of two cases and discussion of the histopathological findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1456-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V Veasey ◽  
Rute F Lellis ◽  
Renê L Porto ◽  
Gladys MA Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Histopathological Findings

Anetoderma is a rare benign condition of diverse etiology whose characteristic is the diminution or absence of the dermal elastic fibers. Classified as primary and secondary, the latter associated with tumors, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Although the etiology of the lesions is well described in literature, the pathogenesis is still poorly determined. Anetoderma in syphilis is rare, and occurs even in the most uncommon cutaneous manifestations of the disease, such as the nodular form. In order to better understand the changes that lead to elastolysis, we propose a better correlation with the histopathological findings of the lesions that precede it. We present two cases of anetoderma secondary to syphilis, whose clinical aspects resembled the pattern of their initial secondary syphilis rash.

Leukämie im Kindesalter. Bettrage zur Morphologie, Klinik Pathophysiologie und Therapie

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
CARL H. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Current Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathologic Anatomy ◽  
Organ Changes

Based on an experience of 191 cases of leukemia in the past 13 years, the authors have prepared a well-organized book dealing with the essential features of leukemia in childhood. As would be expected the bulk of cases are the acute leukemias which they term acute leukocytic, undifferentiated or paraleukoblastosis; a small number are acute promyelocytic, chronic myelocytic and rare types. In common with the experience from other clinics the incidence of leukemia rose from 0.159% in 1946 to 0.546% in 1956. The authors have written a readable and timely text dealing concisely with the following subjects: pathologic anatomy and hematology, clinical aspects, individual organ changes, leukemia and infection, differential diagnosis, the newer knowledge relating to etiology and therapy, metabolic aspects, prognosis and psychologic aspects in management. In each chapter current information has been assembled, this being especially noticeable in discussion of etiology and therapy.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Critically Ill Patients: An Update

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. H. van Bommel ◽  
Karel M. L. Leunissen ◽  
Willem Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Intermittent Hemodialysis ◽  
Organ Systems

van Bommel EFH, Leunissen KML, Weimar W. Continuous renal replacement therapy for critically ill patients: an update. J Intensive Care Med 1994; 9: 265–280. Despite continuous progress in intensive care during the last decades, the outcome of critically ill patients in whom acute renal failure (ARF) develops is still poor. This outcome may be explained partially by the frequent occurrence of ARF as part of multiple organ systems failure (MOSF). In this complex and unstable patient population, the provision of adequate renal support with either intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may pose major problems. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is now increasingly accepted as the preferred treatment modality in the management of ARF in these patients. The technique offers adequate control of biochemistry and fluid balance in hemodynamically unstable patients, thereby enabling aggressive nutritional and inotropic support without the risk of exacerbating azotemia or fluid overload. In addition, experimental and clinical data suggest that CRRT may have a beneficial influence on hemodynamics and gas exchange in patients with septic shock and (nonrenal) MOSF, independent of an impact on fluid balance. We review both technical and clinical aspects of various continuous therapies, including their impact on serum drug levels and nutrient balance. In addition, an attempt is made to clarify the possible beneficial role of CRRT in reducing patient morbidity and mortality in the ICU.

scholarly journals Implementation of different histochemical methods in diagnostics of brain Aspergillosis in turkey chicks

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Branislav Kureljusic ◽  
Bozidar Savic ◽  
Radisa Prodanovic ◽  
Jovo Djekic ◽  
Vladica Adamov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Necrotic Area ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Macroscopic Findings ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Aspergillosis is a frequent fungal disease in different species of birds and mammals caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. It is characterized by inflammatory changes primarily in the respiratory system, even though it sometimes takes on a generalized form when several organ systems are affected. Mucotic-granulomatous meningoencephalitis with a predominant localization in the cerebellum has been described in turkeys, ducks and geese. Within this paper, examinations have been performed on a flock of broiler turkeys aged 12 days who had sustained evident neurological disorders in the form of ataxy, torticollis, paresis, and paralysis of the hind extremities and wings. In three of the ten autopsied chicks the macroscopic findings indicated granulomatous encephalitis of the cerebellum. A white-coloured granuloma, around 3mm in diameter, was situated cranioventrally and was clearly visible on the sagital section of the cerebellum. Mucological examinations of the cerebellum lesion resulted in the isolation of the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE), Grocott and PAS methods were used for the evaluation of histopathological changes and proving Aspergillus fumigatusa hyphae. The microscopic examination of brain tissue sections stained with the HE method revealed the existence of a granuloma with a centrally placed necrotic area. The necrotic area was infiltrated with heterophilic granulocytes and surrounded by macrophage, giant cells and lymphocytes. A connective tissue capsule was located on the periphery of the granuloma. The fungi hyphae, as integral parts of the granuloma, were difficult to observe, and in some samples stained using the HE method they could not be seen at all. On the other hand, sections stanied using the Grocott and PAS methods showed prominent septed and branched hyphae in different parts of the granuloma. With the objective of making an etiological diagnosis of mucotic diseases, it is necessary to apply several histochemical methods, in addition to isolation.

scholarly journals Epizootics in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina): clinical aspects

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Siebert ◽  
Frances Gulland ◽  
Timm Harder ◽  
Thierry Jauniaux ◽  
Henrike Seibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harbour Seal ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Mass Mortalities

Epizootic diseases causing considerable mortality in harbour seal populations have mainly been reported from the waters of the United States and Europe. Such die-offs were largely attributable to viral infections. Several hundred individuals died from respiratory infections caused by Influenza A viruses at the coast of New England, USA, in 1979, 1980 and 1982. More than 53,000 harbour seals were killed in European waters by Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV), a morbillivirus,in two outbreaks in 1988 and 2002. For several other epizootics of smaller scale in the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific coast of the USA and, most recently, in Danish and Swedish waters in 2007 the causes remain unclear, although characteristic respiratory symptoms and interstitial pneumonia suspicious of viral etiology were detected as well as occasionally bacterial infections caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mass mortalities caused by biotoxins, direct human interactions or changes in oceanographic conditions have so far not been described for harbour seals. However, high organochlorine loads detected in European harbour seal populations and suspected to impede immune functions, were considered an aggravating factor in the 1988 morbillivirus epizootic. Establishing supranational stranding networks is a key prerequisite for the detection of future unusual die-offs in marine mammals. Detailed post-mortem investigations of all organ systems are essential for targeted etiological studies towards the causes of mass mortalities in seals.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Sex Differences at Disease Manifestation in ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée Tampe ◽  
Peter Korsten ◽  
Philipp Ströbel ◽  
Samy Hakroush ◽  
Björn Tampe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Peritubular Capillaries ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Lesions

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a small vessel vasculitis affecting multiple organ systems, including the kidney. Besides investigations focusing on renal outcomes, sex differences associated with distinct clinical and histopathological findings in ANCA glomerulonephritis (GN) have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, we here aimed to systematically analyze sex differences in patients with AAV and biopsy-proven ANCA GN. We provide a comprehensive analysis of 53 kidney biopsies with ANCA GN retrospectively included between 2015 and 2020 and identified specific sex differences in ANCA GN concerning laboratory parameters and systematic scoring of renal histopathology glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions, and extrarenal manifestations of AAV. We did not observe any correlation between sex and short-term clinical AAV course or disease severity by comparing general AAV parameters. AAV manifestations in females occurred at an older age with more joint involvement. Regarding histopathological findings, we, again, observed no sex difference among ANCA GN classification, but a significant correlation between females and distinct histopathological findings with less tubulointerstitial inflammation and vasculitis of peritubular capillaries. Finally, we here identified fewer associations between clusters of clinical, laboratory parameters, and histopathological findings in females as compared to males. These findings are of great relevance and further improve our understanding of sex differences in the pathogenesis of ANCA GN. While future studies about specific sex differences and conclusions in these clusters are crucial, our observations further support that sex differences are relevant, affect distinct parameters, and influence clinical, laboratory parameters, and histopathological findings in AAV, particularly ANCA GN.

scholarly journals Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1116-1118
Author(s):  
Borja Recalde-Zamacona ◽  
Laura García-Tobar ◽  
Alan Argueta ◽  
Laura Álvarez ◽  
Carlos Eduardo De Andrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Lung Histopathology

In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated to SARS-CoV2 was reported in Wuhan, China. To date, little is known on histopathological findings in patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2. Lung histopathology shows features of acute and organising diffuse alveolar damage. Subtle cellular inflammatory infiltrate has been found in line with the cytokine storm theory. Medium-size vessel thrombi were frequent, but capillary thrombi were not present. Despite the elevation of biochemical markers of cardiac injury, little histopathological damage could be confirmed. Viral RNA from paraffin sections was detected at least in one organ in 90% patients.

scholarly journals Comparative study between homeopathy and nimesulide on the prevention of bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats.

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Thais Marchini Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Centurion ◽  
Mariana Gigliotti ◽  
Tiago Mergulhão ◽  
Vivien Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Light Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Group 1

Periodontitis is a chronic disease characterized by bone loss and inflammatory changes. We studied the effect of a homeopathic agent (Mercúrios Corrosivos 6 CH) and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nimesulide) on the alveolar bone loss progression in experimentally induced periodontitis in rats. Sixty (60) Wistar rats were separated into group 1 (homeopathy), group 2 (nimesulide) and group 3 (saline solution). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the lower right first molar of all rats. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by light microscopic analysis and analyzed using software Image J. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s posttest (p

scholarly journals EP.WE.28Routine histopathology examination of the sleeved stomach after sleeve gastrectomy - significance and comparison with preoperative endoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Omar ◽  
Ahmed Hafez ◽  
Josephine Freear
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Operative Notes ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Preoperative Ogd ◽  
Histopathology Examination

Abstract Background Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most commonly performed bariatric procedures. However, the available literature on histological examination of the resected sleeved stomachs is widely inconsistent. This study aimed at assessing the histopathological findings after SG performed in our center compared to the routinely performed preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and the intraoperative findings. Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the bariatric unit database of all patients who had SG procedures from June 2007 to December 2019. Results Out of the 620 SG performed, there were 219 patients with complete data, including preoperative OGD reports, operative notes, and postoperative histopathology reports. We found normal specimens in 43.83% (n = 96) and evidence of inflammation in 50.68% (n = 111) of cases. There were 10 (4.56%) specimens with evidence of inflammation and other lesions and two (0.91%) specimens with lesions only. Twenty-five patients had inflammation, and 10 had lesions on preoperative OGD with negative histopathology reports. Conclusion Routine histopathology examination after SG does not change the management, and preoperative OGD can detect inflammatory changes and lesions, which could have been missed with histology analysis only.

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