scholarly journals Oral and Periodontal Manifestations of COVID-19 and its Plausible Association with Periodontal Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayane Ramkumar ◽  
Hanumanth Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Mouth Diseases ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Oral Manifestation

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a significant and urgent threat to the global health. It has markedly affected the delivery of healthcare services all over the world. Early diagnosis of the disease is imperative to contain the spread of the viral infection. The virus can also lead to potential systemic complications such as lungs involvement, skin, and oral manifestations. The presence of oral lesions is emerging evidence that may indicates the presence of COVID-19 infection. Since, the virus has affinity for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2) receptors present in the respiratory tract, oral mucosa, tongue and salivary glands; therefore, the oral cavity serves as a major habitat for invasion of the virus. This review aimed to discuss the oral and periodontal manifestations of COVID-19. Articles between December 2019 and April 2021 were searched for this narrative review in Pub Med, Scopus, Science Direct related to COVID-19 and its oral manifestations, using the following terms: “Corona virus,” “COVID-19,” and “SARS-CoV-2” in combination with “Stomatognathic diseases,” “Oral manifestation,” and “Mouth diseases” and "Periodontal diseases". The oral manifestations commonly associated with COVID-19 are salivary gland disorders, xerostomia, alteration of taste and smell and lesions in oral mucosa. The appearance of these oral manifestations during the asymptomatic phase of disease helps in early identification of the disease. The recent COVID-19 infection has been strongly associated with the appearance and establishment of cytokine storm. It is found that many components of the cytokine storm are common with the cytokine expression found in periodontitis. This narrative review aims at exploring the association between COVID-19 and periodontal disease through their cytokine profiles.

scholarly journals Oral Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-19: A Mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 286-289
Author(s):  
Hamed Mortazavi ◽  
Kosar Rezaeifar ◽  
Navid Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Health Concern ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Mouth Diseases ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Taste And Smell

BACKGROUND: Recently, outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoV) (severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) has been emerged as a serious public health concern. On February 11, 2020, the WHO announced an official name for this disease, CoV disease-(COVID)-19. The virus can cause systemic complications such as lung involvement, skin, and oral complications. AIM: The aim of this study was to review of the oral manifestations of COVID-19. METHODS: In this narrative review study, we searched all articles between 2010 and 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct related to COVID-19, and its oral manifestations, using the following terms: “Coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” and “SARS-CoV-2” in combination with “Stomatognathic diseases,” “Oral manifestation,” and “Mouth diseases.” RESULTS: The most common oral manifestations in people with COVID-19 that we get after searching are: salivary gland disease, xerostomia, taste and smell alterations, and oral mucosal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Since almost all of the oral findings appear at the asymptomatic phase of disease, identification of these symptoms can help to timely diagnosis of the main disease.

scholarly journals ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID-19: EARLY DIAGNOSTIC AID?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pooja Katira ◽  
Deep Shah ◽  
Falguni Maniyar
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Taste And Smell

The outbreak of coronavirus disease which has rapidly escalated into a global pandemic continues to have disastrous health, economic and social effects on the human population. It has markedly affected the delivery of healthcare services all over the world. Early diagnosis of the disease is imperative to contain the spread of the viral infection. The main clinical signs and symptoms produced by SARS-CoV2 have been well described in the literature. However, there is emerging evidence on the oral lesions that may indicate the presence of COVID-19 infection. Since the virus has affinity for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors present in the respiratory tract, oral mucosa, tongue and salivary glands, the oral cavity serves as a major habitat for invasion of the virus. Thus, COVID-19 infection can affect the functioning of salivary glands, integrity of oral mucosa and can also cause alterations in sense of taste and smell. Good oral hygiene can decrease the incidence and severity of the main complications of COVID-19. The present review analyses the available evidence in relation to oral manifestations which are expressed in the course of the coronavirus disease and how it can aid in diagnosing the disease further.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Oral Lesions in Hospitalized Patients with Infectious Diseases in Northern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Gemaque ◽  
Gustavo Giacomelli Nascimento ◽  
José Luiz Cintra Junqueira ◽  
Vera Cavalcanti de Araújo ◽  
Cristiane Furuse
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The University

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral lesions in infectious-contagious diseases patients being treated in the University Hospital of the Federal University of Pará, northern Brazil. One hundred seven patients with infectious diseases were clinically investigated for oral lesions at the University Hospital of Pará, northern Brazil. From total sample, most patients were men (65.7%) with a mean age of 45.4 years. About prevalence of systemic diseases, tuberculosis was the most frequent illness, followed by AIDS, hepatitis types B and C, leishmaniasis, and meningitis. Analyzing oral manifestations, periodontal diseases and candidiasis were the most prevalent diseases in both genders, followed by recurrent aphthous ulcers, saburral tongue, simplex herpes, and squamous cell carcinoma. Of all 107 patients, only 10 males and 6 females did not present any oral manifestation. There was no statistical difference between genders with any systemic condition (P>0.05). The great prevalence of oral manifestations in hospitalized patients with systemic disorder emphasizes the need of integral dental care in this context, aiming at a multidisciplinary approach of patients. Therefore, presence of some oral conditions, such as candidiasis, should be an alert to different systemic conditions, once in assistance with physicians; dentists can influence the early diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical profile toward oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Maharani Laillyza Apriasari ◽  
Nur Aprilyani ◽  
Amy Nindia Carabelly ◽  
Juliyatin Putri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exhibits the capability to weaken human immune system. The infected subject will later be more susceptible to suffer from opportunistic diseases when the CD4 cell count is lesser than 200 cell/µL. Oral Thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia are common oral manifestations in AIDS patient which initially indicate the presence of HIV infection. No research has been conducted to discuss the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyse the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This was an analysis study with cross sectional design performed in 2019. The data of clinical profil of HIV AIDS patient and oral manifestation were obtained from secondary data of medical record.The 55 samples were taken with total sampling technique.  Results: Chi-square test showed there was a significant correlation between number of  CD4 with candidiasis, oral thrush and periodontal disease. There was a significant correlation between duration of ARV therapy and candidiasis, oral thrush (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the number of CD4 cells and the duration of ARV treatment on candidiasis,oral thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia.

METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Saloma Avezova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Immunological Changes

The article provides data on the methods used for the treatment of generalized periodontitis. Most researchers believe that periodontitis is a polyetiological disease, the development of which is based on a complex of pathological changes occurring in the oral cavity associated with microbiological and immunological changes. Improving the effectiveness of treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases is an urgent task in modern dentistry.Keywords:dentistry, diseases of the oral mucosa, periodontal disease, chronic generalized periodontitis, etiology, treatment

Innate Immune Signaling and Porphyromonas gingivalis-accelerated Atherosclerosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C. Gibson ◽  
H. Yumoto ◽  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
H.-H. Chou ◽  
C.A. Genco
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Increased Risk

Periodontal diseases are a group of diseases that lead to erosion of the hard and soft tissues of the periodontium, which, in severe cases, can result in tooth loss. Anecdotal clinical observations have suggested that poor oral health may be associated with poor systemic health; however, only recently have appropriate epidemiological studies been initiated, with defined clinical endpoints of periodontal disease, to address the association of periodontal disease with increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Although conflicting reports exist, these epidemiological studies support this connection. Paralleling these epidemiological studies, emerging basic scientific studies also support that infection may represent a risk factor for atherosclerosis. With P. gingivalis as a model pathogen, in vitro studies support that this organism can activate host innate immune responses associated with atherosclerosis, and in vivo studies demonstrate that this organism can accelerate atheroma deposition in animal models. In this review, we focus primarily on the basic scientific studies performed to date which support that infection with bacteria, most notably P. gingivalis, accelerates atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we attempt to bring together these studies to provide an up-to-date framework of emerging theories into the mechanisms underlying periodontal disease and increased risk for atherosclerosis, as well as identify intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of periodontal disease in humans, in an attempt to decrease risk for systemic complications of periodontal disease such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
E. S. Slazhneva ◽  
E. A. Tikhomirova ◽  
V. G. Atrushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.

Comparison of Sampling Techniques For qPCR Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2853-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Jelihovschi ◽  
Cristian Drochioi ◽  
Aida Corina Badescu ◽  
Raoul Vasile Lupusoru ◽  
Alexandra Elena Munteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
As Species ◽  
Qpcr Quantification

The diagnosis of periodontal disease is mainly based on use of clinical and radiographic evidence. In this study we employed a quantitative PCR analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola as species strongly involved in periodontal diseases, burden in periodontal pockets to detect the main sampling factors that interfere with qPCR results. From 22 patients with advanced periodontal disease, subgingival plaque was comparatively collected by paper points and periodontal Gracey curettes. Samples were collected from the same situs in presence of gingival bleeding and absence of bleeding. The concordance and agreement of results between samples were assessed. The present study demonstrates that subgingival plaque sampling with sterile absorbable paper points is often accompanied by gingival bleeding resulting in quantification biases of periodontal pathogens.

scholarly journals Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Functions, Immunopathology and Immunomodulatory Drugs to Counter Cytokine Storm

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Ali A. Rabaan ◽  
Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed ◽  
Javed Muhammad ◽  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Anupam A Sule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Immunomodulatory Drugs ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a severe pandemic of the current century. The vicious tentacles of the disease have been disseminated worldwide with unknown complications and repercussions. Advanced COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by the uncontrolled and elevated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed immunity, leading to the cytokine storm. The uncontrolled and dysregulated secretion of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines is positively associated with the severity of the viral infection and mortality rate. The secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 leads to a hyperinflammatory response by recruiting macrophages, T and B cells in the lung alveolar cells. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that immune cells such as macrophages recruit inflammatory monocytes in the alveolar cells and allow the production of large amounts of cytokines in the alveoli, leading to a hyperinflammatory response in severely ill patients with COVID-19. This cascade of events may lead to multiple organ failure, acute respiratory distress, or pneumonia. Although the disease has a higher survival rate than other chronic diseases, the incidence of complications in the geriatric population are considerably high, with more systemic complications. This review sheds light on the pivotal roles played by various inflammatory markers in COVID-19-related complications. Different molecular pathways, such as the activation of JAK and JAK/STAT signaling are crucial in the progression of cytokine storm; hence, various mechanisms, immunological pathways, and functions of cytokines and other inflammatory markers have been discussed. A thorough understanding of cytokines’ molecular pathways and their activation procedures will add more insight into understanding immunopathology and designing appropriate drugs, therapies, and control measures to counter COVID-19. Recently, anti-inflammatory drugs and several antiviral drugs have been reported as effective therapeutic drug candidates to control hypercytokinemia or cytokine storm. Hence, the present review also discussed prospective anti-inflammatory and relevant immunomodulatory drugs currently in various trial phases and their possible implications.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Entamoeba gingivalis among patients with periodontal disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Luszczak ◽  
Michal Bartosik ◽  
Jolanta Rzymowska ◽  
Agnieszka Sochaczewska-Dolecka ◽  
Ewa Tomaszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Oral Diseases

AbstractAccording to some studies, the Entamoeba gingivalis colonizing the gingival tissue is an important agent in bringing about periodontitis. Other studies, however, deem it an opportunist that is able to survive in the medium induced by periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis infection in patients from the Department of Periodontology, and compare this population with that of healthy people, so as to analyze the relationships between infection and patient sex and age. The result of this work is that in both groups, a correlation (p = 0,19) has been noted between the occurrence of amoebae and other diseases in the oral cavity. Indeed, 81,4% of all patients with some periodontal disease showed the presence of amoeba. Among those who are not afflicted with oral diseases, the presence of amoeba was indicated in 62,5% of the total. In addition, a correlation between the person's age and the presence of protozoa (p = 0,15) was strongly marked among women (p = 0,19). In the three age groups of women in this study (40-49, 60-69, and above 80 years), we observed a 100% presence of protozoa.Our study leads us to the conclusion that infections with Entamoeba gingivalis should be regarded as an factor that is associated with the pathological changes occurring in patients with periodontal diseases.

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