The Relationship between Proline Content, the Expression Level ofP5CS(Δ1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate Synthetase), and Drought Tolerance in Tibetan Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgarevar.nudum)

Abstract Tibetan hulless barley (“qingke” in Chinese) is a valuable food in Tibet. Purple qingke (PQK) and black qingke (BQK), two special pigmented types of hulless barley, have traditionally been widely cultivated and consumed in Tibet for thousands of years. The composition and contents of anthocyanins of two cultivars are unknown. This study aimed to explore the composition and contents of anthocyanins of two cultivars and their antioxidant capacities. Six anthocyanins were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry from barley, most of the anthocyanins were acylated by malonyl group. The total anthocyanin contents ranged from 141 to 2,304 μg/g in PQK and from 248.7 to 2902.9 μg/g in BQK. Furthermore, qingke has strong antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS˙+, and FRAP. Qingke may be useful for treating or preventing diseases caused by the overproduction of radicals.

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Penconazole and calcium ameliorate drought stress in canola by upregulating the antioxidative enzymes

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp19341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 825 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Rezayian ◽

Vahid Niknam ◽

Hassan Ebrahimzadeh

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Antioxidative Enzymes ◽

Proline Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Mda Content ◽

Effects Of Drought

The aim of this research was to gauge the alternations in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in two cultivars (cv. RGS003 and cv. Sarigol) of canola under drought stress and drought tolerance amelioration by penconazole (PEN) and calcium (Ca). Plants were treated with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15%) without or with PEN (15 mg L–1) and Ca (15 mM). The Ca treatment prevented the negative effects of drought on fresh weight (FW) in RGS003 and Sarigol at 5 and 15% PEG respectively. Ca and PEN/Ca treatments caused significant induction in the proline content in Sarigol at 15% PEG; the latter treatment was accompanied by higher glycine betaine (GB), lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and growth recovery. Hydrogen peroxide (HO2) content in Sarigol was proportional to the severity of drought stress and all PEN, Ca and PEN/Ca treatments significantly reduced the H2O2 content. PEN and PEN/Ca caused alleviation of the drought-induced oxidative stress in RGS003. RGS003 cultivar exhibited significantly higher antioxidative enzymes activity at most levels of drought, which could lead to its drought tolerance and lower MDA content. In contrast to that of Sarigol, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with Ca and PEN/Ca treatments in RGS003 under low stress. The application of PEN and Ca induced significantly P5CS and SOD expression in RGS003 under drought stress after 24 h. Overall, these data demonstrated that PEN and Ca have the ability to enhance the tolerance against the drought stress in canola plants.

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The Analysis of PTPN6 for Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Study Based on TCGA

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2020/4312629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Chengquan Shen ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Jirong Wang ◽

Xiaokun Yang ◽

Haitao Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

T Cells ◽

Survival Analysis ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

Expression Level ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

The Relationship

PTPN6 (protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6), a tyrosine phosphatase, is known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. Previous studies have demonstrated that PTPN6 expression is relatively elevated in several malignancies. However, the role of PTPN6 in bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of PTPN6 in BC. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to identify the expression level of PTPN6 in BC. The relationship between clinical pathologic features and PTPN6 were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The prognostic and predictive value of PTPN6 was evaluated by survival analysis and nomogram. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of PTPN6 in BC. Finally, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was applied to investigate the relationship between PTPN6 and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Results indicated that PTPN6 was overexpressed in BC tissues compared with normal bladder tissues and was significantly correlated with grade, stage, T, and N. Survival analysis showed that low expression of PTPN6 was significantly related to the poor overall survival (OS) in BC patients. Coexpression analysis showed that PTPN6 and TNFRSF14 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14) have a close correlation in BC. GSEA showed that multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways are differentially enriched in the PTPN6 high expression phenotype. Moreover, the expression level of PTPN6 was positively associated with the infiltration of B cells, CD4+T cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils and negatively associated with CD8+ T cells and macrophages in BC. In conclusion, we identified that PTPN6 may be a novel prognostic biomarker in BC based on the TCGA database. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm our observations and mechanisms underlying the prognostic value of PTPN6 in BC also deserve further experimental exploration.

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The relationship of proline content and metabolism on the productivity of maize plants

Plant Signaling & Behavior ◽

10.4161/psb.6.2.14336 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 251-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Marija Špoljarević ◽

Dejan Agić ◽

Miroslav Lisjak ◽

Andrej Gumze ◽

Ian D. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proline Content ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Adjacency to a harvest trail increases drought resistance of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in partially harvested stands in central British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 809-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neil P. Thompson ◽

Kathy J. Lewis ◽

Lisa M. Poirier

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Odocoileus Hemionus ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Ring Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Drought tolerance of trees may be affected by competition, but most studies quantifying the relationship do not consider the effect of stem clustering. Trees are often clustered in interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mayr) Franco) forests near the grassland interface in central British Columbia due to past harvesting practices or habitat management for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)). Climate change projections indicate continued increases in temperature, an outcome that would stress trees growing in dry environments. Trees placed in different states of competition by mechanical harvesting in the 1970s were sampled to provide a 40-year comparison of three levels of competition during 1–2 year droughts. Tree-ring analysis was used to assess the reduction in growth during drought years and resumption of growth in subsequent years. A clear separation of growth rates was evident between open-growing trees, trees on the edge of harvesting trails, and trees within the unharvested interior. Edge trees had intermediate growth rates but no differences were found in the long-term climate–growth relationship compared with open-growing trees. Both Edge and Open classes showed less relative growth reduction during droughts than Interior trees growing between harvest trails. Precipitation throughfall rates and competition for resources are likely driving short-term drought tolerance in combination with other factors.

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Expression Level of Annexin A1 Contributes to the Evaluation of the Disease Progression and Treatment Effect of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A New Perspective from Retrospective Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-401429/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Biaoxue Rong ◽

Hongling Yan ◽

Ge Wu ◽

Kai Li ◽

Min Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Expression Level ◽

Annexin A1 ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Node Metastasis ◽

Cancer Tissues ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Increased Annexin A1 has been showed to be related to malignant biological characteristics of tumors; the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression level of Annexin A1 and the disease progression and treatment effect of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). Methods: The expression level of Annexin A1 in LAC tissues and cells was detected by the methods of immunohistochemistry, Real time-PCR and western blotting. The relationship between the expression of Annexin A1 and the disease progression and treatment effect of LAC was evaluated by descriptive statistics, T test and Chi-square test. Results: The protein expression of Annexin A1 was higher in lung cancer tissues and cells than that in normal tissues and 16 human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells (p<0.05). The level of Annexin A1 mRNA was higher in lung cancer tissues than that in normal tissues (p<0.05). The increase of Annexin A1 protein and mRNA was associated with the lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage (p<0.05). However, surgical resection and chemotherapy for LAC down-regulated the serum concentration of Annexin A1 in patients (p<0.05).Conclusions: Increased Annexin A1 protein and mRNA in LAC tissues correlate with the poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage of LAC. Surgical resection and chemotherapy for LAC down-regulate the serum concentration of Annexin A1 in patients. The results indicate that expression level of Annexin A1 contributes to the evaluation of the disease progression and treatment effect of LAC.

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Immune Cell Landscape in Gastric Cancer

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/1930706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yang Yang ◽

Wei He ◽

Zi-rui Wang ◽

Yu-jiao Wang ◽

Lan-lan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

B Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Molecular Therapy ◽

Expression Level ◽

Regulatory Factors ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

The Relationship

Background. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). This article is aimed at determining the composition change of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in GC and normal tissues, depicting their prognosis value in GC, and revealing the relationship between them and GC clinical parameters. Methods. We used CIBERSORT to calculate the proportion of 22 immune cells in the GC or normal tissues; a t -test was applied to assess the expression difference of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in normal and GC tissues. The relationship of the immune cells, immune regulatory factors, and GC patients’ clinical characteristics was assessed by univariate analysis. Results. In this study, we found that the proportion of macrophages increased, while plasma cells and monocytes decreased in GC tissues. In these immune fractions, Tregs and naïve B cells were found to be correlated with GC patients’ prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of immune regulatory factors was ambiguous with their classical function in GC tissues. For example, TIM-3, FOXP3, and CMTM6 were overexpressed, while CD27 and PD-1 were underexpressed in GC tissues. We also found that IDO1, PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM-3 were highly expressed in high-grade GC tissues, the HERC2 expression level was related to patients’ gender, and the TIGIT expression level was sensitive to targeted therapy. Furthermore, our results suggested that the infiltration of Tregs and naive B cells was strongly correlated with the T stage, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy, and the expression levels of TIM-3 and FOXP3 in GC. Conclusion. The expression pattern of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors was systematically depicted in the GC tumor microenvironment, indicating that individualized treatment based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors may be beneficial to GC patients.

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