MODERNIZING THE COPENHAGEN AGREEMENT

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 807-809
Author(s):  
Dan Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Aerial Surveillance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Territorial Water

ABSTRACT The Copenhagen agreement concerning Cooperation in Measures to Deal with Pollution of the Sea by Oil came into force in October 1971. The new Copenhagen agreement, signed on March 29, 1993, encompasses cooperation regarding measures to deal with pollution of the sea by oil as well as other harmful substances. This will be done through cooperation in contingency planning, research and development, response actions, and aerial surveillance. The agreement extends the parties’ internal water, territorial water, and other areas at sea to the limits of the continental shelf, fishery zone, and economic zone. During the past three years great efforts have been made to cooperate more closely, for example, in areas with joint borders of territorial waters, in aerial surveillance, technical development, research and development, and education.

scholarly journals The Computer Reaches out: The Historical Continuity of Interface Design

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (299) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Grudin
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Development Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Future Work

The focus of user interface research and development has evolved over the past forty years. The term ''user interface'' was not used at first, when most users were engineers and programmers; it may again become inappropriate when more applications are designed for groups than for individuals. But there is a continuity to the outward movement of the computer's interface to its external environment, from hardware to software to increasingly higher-level cognitive capabilities and finally to social processes. As the focus shifts, the approaches to design and the skills required of practitioners changes. This paper identifies five foci of interface development. Research and development foci may be independent, and progress in one area may influence others, so a comprehensive framework may help position existing research and development efforts and plan future work more eflectively.

Role of Research and Development in Sustaining Indian Agriculture: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 396-401
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Agriculture Development

Technology united with research and development has evolved as a grave differentiator of the agriculture sector in India including production, processing, and agriculture packing and marketing of given crops. Near about 50 percent of the Indian workforce was engaged in the agriculture sector but its share in GDP was only 14 percent, much lower in comparison to former. Though, certain agriculture items showed a steady annual increase in terms of kilograms per hectare. Agriculture transformed significantly over the past few decades but when it comes to investment in research and development there is a lot more which needs to be done. The paper analyzes the role of various research and development institutions in boosting the growth of the agriculture sector that helps in attaining sustainable agriculture development and self-sufficiency in the production process since independence. It also focusesed on the various issues faced by these development institutions. The findings unveiled that since independence a lot more was done to boost the research and development in the agriculture sector at both the center and state levels but a proper implementation of these policies along with transparency could bring more desirable outcomes than were gained at present.

scholarly journals Past, Present and Future Perspectives on Groundnut Breeding in Burkina Faso

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Moumouni Konate ◽  
Jacob Sanou ◽  
Amos Miningou ◽  
David Kalule Okello ◽  
Haile Desmae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Penalty

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major food and cash crop in Burkina Faso. Due to the growing demand for raw oilseeds, there is an increasing interest in groundnut production from traditional rain-fed areas to irrigated environments. However, despite implementation of many initiatives in the past to increase groundnut productivity and production, the groundnut industry still struggles to prosper due to the fact of several constraints including minimal development research and fluctuating markets. Yield penalty due to the presence of drought and biotic stresses continue to be a major drawback for groundnut production. This review traces progress in the groundnut breeding that started in Burkina Faso before the country’s political independence in 1960 through to present times. Up to the 1980s, groundnut improvement was led by international research institutions such as IRHO (Institute of Oils and Oleaginous Research) and ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). However, international breeding initiatives were not sufficient to establish a robust domestic groundnut breeding programme. This review also provides essential information about opportunities and challenges for groundnut research in Burkina Faso, emphasising the need for institutional attention to genetic improvement of the crop.

Significant innovations of the foreign automobile in-dustry. Environmental safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
V.А. Grushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Effective protection of the environment is largely determined by the perfection of drives for various types of automobile wheeled vehicles, which are responsible for the emission of harmful substances into the atmospheric air and noise emission. These aspects of environmental safety are among the most important areas of research and development for specialists in the field of automotive innovation. Keywords automobile rolling stock; structures; technologies; units; research; design; manufacture; operation; environmental safety

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States: Factors Affecting Future Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Regulatory Strategy

AbstractFueled by high returns on its investments, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has flourished for the past 50 years. The regulatory strategy of demanding stringent testing then allowing market-based pricing has allowed private companies to fund ambitious research and development activities with the assurance that these investments will be recovered. However, aggressive managed-care cost-containment strategies threaten the companies' ability to recoup research and development expenses and may affect their willingness to invest in future innovative research.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN DASAR LISTRIK KELAS X TEKNIK INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK SMK SWASTA IMELDA MEDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Tommi Daniel Hutajulu ◽  
Sriadhi .
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Interactive Multimedia ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Design Development

Abstract This development research generally aims to (1) develop interactive multimedia-based learning media for Private Vocational School Imelda Medan, (2) to know the assessment of media experts and material experts on learning media, and (3) to know the feasibility of learning media based on the assessment of media experts and material experts. The method used in this research is Research and Development. This research was conducted at Imelda Private Vocational School Medan. Research and Development Results: (1) This development research process is carried out with several stages adapted from the borg and gall version development research model simplified into 4D. There are stages such as: Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. Define stage includes definition, design stage includes storyboarding, development stage includes development of interactive multimedia-based learning media, validation of media experts and material experts, as well as revision of learning media from media experts and material experts and disseminate stage covering the trial stage. The target of this research is the Expert Lecturer of Medan State University. Testing of interactive multimedia by material validators showed that multimedia learning resulted both in material validation with an average score of 4.52 and for media validation with an average score of 4.59. Then obtained the conclusion that developed media is worth to use. Keywords : Interactive Media, Interactive Multimedia Abstrak Penelitian pengembangan ini secara umum bertujuan untuk (1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif untuk SMK Swasta Imelda Medan, (2) mengetahui penilaian ahli media dan ahli materi terhadap media pembelajaran, dan (3) mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian ahli media dan ahli materi . Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development ) . Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Swasta Imelda Medan. Hasil Penelitian  dan Pengembangan : (1) Proses Penelitian pengembangan ini dilaksanakan dengan beberapa tahapan yang diadaptasi dari model penelitian pengembangan versi borg and gall yang disederhanakan menjadi 4D. Adapaun tahapan tersebut yaitu : Define, Design, Development, dan Disseminate. Tahap define meliputi pendefenisian , tahap design meliputi pembuatan storyboard, tahap development meliputi pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif ,validasi ahli media dan ahli materi, serta revisi media pembelajaran dari ahli media dan ahli materi dan tahap disseminate meliputi tahap uji coba. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah Dosen Ahli Universitas Negeri Medan. Pengujian terhadap multimedia interaktif oleh validator materi menunjukan bahwa multimedia pembelajaran  yang dihasilkan baik pada validasi materi dengan skor rata-rata 4.52 dan untuk validasi media dengan skor rata-rata 4.59. Maka diperoleh kesimpulan media yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan. Kata kunci : Media Interaktif, Multimedia Interaktif

scholarly journals Video Development as Supporting Learning Media for Teachers at SMP Negeri 5 Tidore Islands [Pengembangan Video Sebagai Penunjang Media Pembelajaran Bagi Guru di SMP Negeri 5 Tidore Kepulauan]

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Jhoni Lagun Siang ◽  
Bahrudin Hasan ◽  
Lukman Tamhir
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Media Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Feasibility Test ◽  
Development Methods

The purpose of this study is to: (1) produce video lessons that are feasible to be applied as learning media. (2) knowing the feasibility of learning videos so that they are feasible to be applied to learning media. Development of this learning video uses research and development methods or Research & Development which produces learning videos. This development research uses Allesi and Trollip method, which includes 3 steps of development, namely (1) planning: determining needs and goals, gathering resources, and generating ideas. (2) design: create flowcharts, create storyboards, and prepare scripts. (3) development: producing video and audio, programming material, preparing supporting components, evaluating and revising. The results of this development research are learning video products that have been tested for their feasibility by media experts, material experts, and students as users of the media. The overall results of the trial showed results, good namely obtaining a Worthy category with details: (1) the material expert test obtained an average yield of 3.55 which was categorized as feasible (2) the media expert test obtained an average yield of 3.5 which was categorized as feasible (3) scale test small by students get 3.5 average results which are categorized as feasible, (4) large-scale test by students get an average yield of 3.19 which is categorized as feasible. Based on the results of the media feasibility test, it can be concluded that the video is learning feasible to use.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Media Big Book Untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas 3 Sekolah Dasar

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
Amelia Anggraini ◽  
Otang Kurniaman ◽  
Munjiatun Munjiatun
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Research Show

This study aims to develop big book media for learning Indonesian in grade 3 elementary school and to determine the feasibility of big book learning media. This research uses research and development (R&D) methods using the FOUR-D (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminte) model. The data collection technique used is by using questionnaires and trials. The feasibility of big book learning media is obtained from the results of media validation and testing. Validation was carried out by material experts and learning media experts. The results of the research show that the validation of the material experts and the validation of the learning media experts are very valid. The trials used in this study were limited to 10 students and received a very good response. The results of this development research indicate that the big book media for learning Indonesian in grade 3 Elementary School is very suitable for use in learning in Elementary School. 

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