scholarly journals Effect of Pregnancy on Thermoregulation, Blood Constituents, Serum Bio-chemicals and Cortisol Level in (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Rabbit Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Khalid Abbas Owish Sukar ◽  
Abdulla Mohamed Abdelatif ◽  
Altiab Mohamed Alfaki
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pregnant Rabbit

Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pregnancy on the physiological responses in rabbit model in early, mid and late gestation periods. Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed according to the complete randomized design. Fourteen (14) pregnant and non pregnant rabbits, 7 in each group, were used in this study. Pregnancy was ascertained by vaginal swabs taken after copulation by mature fertile male rabbits. Blood and serum constituents' responses were investigated at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of gestation. Results: The obtained results revealed significant (P 0.05) increase in respiration rate (RR) in mid-gestation and in heart rate (HR) at late gestation. The packed cell volume (PVC), erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and total leukocyte count (TLC) were significantly (P 0.05) reduced in mid and late gestation. The serum levels of total protein decreased and cholesterol increased significantly (P 0.05) in early, mid and late gestation. The plasma osmolality decreased significantly (P 0.05) at mid gestation. Cortisol level increased significantly (P 0.05) during mid and late gestation. Conclusions: The study concluded that the pregnancy altered HR, hematological, serum parameters and cortisol level in pregnant rabbit model.         

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Silymarin and Choline Chloride (Liver Tonics) in Preventing the Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Bovine Calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Naseer ◽  
J.A. Khan ◽  
M.S. Khan ◽  
M.O. Omer ◽  
G.A. Chishti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. which are injurious to animals and humans The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), haematological and serum biochemical responses of Bovine Calves and to determine the comparative efficacy of two different liver tonics against AFB1. Twenty seven calves were selected from herd and divided into 3 groups. All calves were fed with 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 for a period of 10 days. After that they were fed with liver tonics: Silymarin fed at a rate of 600 mg/kg and Choline chloride 500 mg/kg for 7 days. The results indicate that the ADFI and ADWG of AFB1 treated calves decreased significantly. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine significantly increased due to AFB1. In haematology the total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte %, neutrophil % and monocyte % significantly decreased in AFB1 treated calves after 10 days of feeding. Both liver tonics significantly (p<0.05) improved all the parameters, including ADFI, ADWG, hematologial and serum biochemical test. However, Silymarin comparatively more efficiently ameliorate the effects induced by AFB1 than choline chloride.

Immune parameters and level of cortisol in patients with opiate addiction during withdrawal syndrome

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Т.П. Ветлугина ◽  
Е.В. Матафонова ◽  
Н.А. Бохан ◽  
В.Б. Никитина ◽  
А.И. Мандель ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Opiate Addiction ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

Цель исследования: изучение динамики показателей иммунитета и уровня кортизола у больных опийной наркоманией в процессе терапии синдрома отмены. Методика. В исследование включено 136 больных опийной наркоманией (инъекции экстракта опия) с сформировавшейся физической зависимостью. Пациенты получали в стационаре стандартную терапию с полной отменой наркотика. Исследование проводилось на следующих этапах: при поступлении в стационар (опийный абстинентный синдром - ОАС); на 5-7-е сут. терапии (переход в постабстинентное состояние - ПАС); на 25-28-е сут. лечения (становление терапевтической ремиссии - СТР). Лабораторные методы включали определение количества лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); содержание иммуноглобулинов М, G, А, уровня кортизола и циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК) в сыворотке крови. Результаты. Основной иммуноэндокринный паттерн на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены характеризуется дефицитом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов CD3, CD4, СD8; увеличением числа лимфоцитов с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); активацией гуморальных факторов иммунитета (IgM, IgG, ЦИК); высокой концентрацией кортизола. На этапе ОАС и ПАС эти изменения были наиболее выражены; на 25-28-е сут. лечения отмечена позитивная динамика Т-лимфоцитов СD3 и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (СD8); хелперы/индукторы CD4 оставались устойчиво сниженными; D-RFC лимфоциты, параметры гуморального иммунитета и концентрация кортизола - повышенными. Длительный срок наркотизации при употреблении высоких доз наркотика связан с большей выраженностью нарушений. Заключение. Установленная дизрегуляция параметров иммуноэндокринной системы у больных опийной наркоманией на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены в наблюдаемые сроки (25-28 сут.) свидетельствует о неустойчивости достигнутой терапевтической ремиссии и необходимости проведения дальнейших реабилитационных мероприятий. The purpose: investigate changes in immunity parameters and cortisol level in subjects with opiate addiction during the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Methods. The study enrolled 136 subjects with opiate addiction with physical dependence receiving injections of opium extract. Patients received conventional therapy with complete opiate withdrawal. The study was performed at the following stages: at admission to the hospital (acute withdrawal syndrome (AWS); on days 5-7 of therapy (transition into post-withdrawal state - PWS); on days 25-28 of therapy (formation of therapeutic remission - FTR). Laboratory methods included determination count of lymphocytes with receptors CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, with receptors to dopamine (D-RFC); the serum levels of IgМ, IgG, IgА, cortisol, circulating immune complexes (CIC). Results. The principal immunoendocrine pattern for all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy is characterized in comparison to the reference normal values quantitative deficit of CD3, CD4, СD8 Т-lymphocyte subpopulations, increased count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine, activation of humoral immunity factors (IgM, IgG, CIC), high cortisol level. At AWS and PAS stages such changes are most pronounced; on days 25-28 of therapy positive changes in cytotoxic Т-lymphocytes (СD8) and Т-lymphocytes СD3 was revealed. CD4 count remained steadily reduced, count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine and cortisol level were elevated. Clinical and immunological analysis demonstrated that consumption of high opiate doses, long-term narcotization are associated with higher intensity of disorders detected. Conclusion. Dysregulation of immunoendocrine parameters was revealed in subjects with opiate addiction at all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy within the term observed evidencing instability of therapeutic remission achieved and necessity in further rehabilitation events.

scholarly journals 71 Effects of timing of supplementation during late gestation in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows on post-weaning growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of steer progeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
Juliana Ranches ◽  
Vinicius Gouvea ◽  
Rhaiza Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain

Abstract This study evaluated the growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of beef steers born to cows offered dried distillers grains (DDG) at different timing during late gestation. Approximately 84 d before calving (d 0), 84 mature Brangus cows were stratified by BW and BCS (422 ± 42 kg; 5.0 ± 0.14) and allocated into 1 of 6 bahiagrass pastures (14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures: 1) no prepartum supplementation (CON); 2) 1 kg/d DDG from d 0 to 84 (LATE84); or 3) 2 kg/d from d 0 to 42 (LATE42). Calves were weaned at 261 ± 23 d of age. At weaning, 38 steers were vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) and transported to a feedlot facility. Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture distribution and fed a similar diet until slaughter (d 587). Data were analyzed as complete randomized design using MIXED procedure of SAS, pasture as the experimental unit, treatment as fixed effect, and pasture(treatment) and steer(pasture) as random effects. Steer feedlot BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) among treatments. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON steers 2 d after feedlot entry. Plasma cortisol and seroconversion for BVDV-1 and PI-3 did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. The percentage of carcasses grading Choice did not differ (P = 0.13), but carcasses grading low Choice were greater (P = 0.03) for CON vs. LATE42, with LATE84 being intermediate (91, 40, and 58%, respectively). Thus, prepartum dried distillers grain supplementation to B. indicus-influenced cows did not enhance feedlot growth but had subtle positive impacts on carcass quality and innate immunity in steer progeny. In addition, timing of dried distillers grain supplementation (last 84 d vs. first 42 d of late gestation) did not impact steer post-weaning feedlot performance and carcass quality.

scholarly journals Haematological and Serum Biochemical Profile of Growing Yankasa Ram Lambs Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Sesame Residue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Garba ◽  
E. A. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Ram Lambs

An experiment was carried out to test the effect of Sesame residue (SR) inclusion in the diets of growing Yankasa ram lambs on haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Twelve (12) Yankasa ram lambs with initial body weight of 20.08±3.08kg were allotted to three dietary treatments containing 0, 20 and 30% SR (A, B and C). A completely randomized design was used for the study which lasted twelve (12) weeks. The haemetology results revealed that the white blood cells (12.85-16.85 109/L), red blood cells (1.49-2.04 1012/L), haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (39.85-48.00 pg), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and lymphocytes differed significantly (P<0.05) among the treatments. Lambs fed 30% SR had the highest MCV, MCH, MCHC and lymphocyte values. Serum biochemical analysis results revealed that lambs fed 20% and 30% SR had higher alkaline phosphatase, total protein and globulin values than lambs fed 0%SR. However, SR inclusion in the diets did not affect calcium and phosphorus levels of the lambs. In conclusion, including sesame residue at 30% in the diets of growing Yankasa ram lambs had no observable adverse effect on haematological and serum biochemical parameters.

Blood profile and organ weights of broilers fed variously processed seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
U. E. Ewa ◽  
A. H. Akinmutimi ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
K. U. Amaefula
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration

Blood profile and organ weights of broilers fed variously processed Mucuna seed meal were investigated.A total of 120 day old broiler chickens were used. There were 4 treatments each replicated into 3 with 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design(CRD). Four treatment diets were formulated.Diet1served as control containing raw Mucuna, whilediets 2, 3, and 4 had boiled Mucuna, Mucuna boiled with ankanwu and boiled Mucuna mix with enzyme, respectively added to them. The birds were allowed 7 days to get stabilized before being randomly assigned to the experimental diets that lasted for 49 days. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the organ weights except for intestine, spleen and lungs. The value of the intestine ranged from 4.30% (D4) to 5.20% (D2). D4 was significantly ((P<0.05) lower than D2 butcompared favourably with D1 (4.51)and D3 (4.62). Significant ((P<0.05) differences existed only in haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The MCHC values ranged from 30.67 in D4 to 34.69% in D2. The value for D4 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of D1, D2, and D3 which was not significantly (P>0.05) different. The Hb and MCHC were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the processing of MSS. Total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, globulin and alkaline phosphatase were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the processing method employed in conclusion it is observed that 5% inclusion of Mucuna either raw or processed to broiler chicken diets does, does not have any deleterious effect on them health wise since blood and organs characteristics are used to measure the health status of animal.  

scholarly journals Fiber Type Determines Feline Gut Microbiome Metabolism and Bioactive Lipid Profiles in Feces (P20-034-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jackson ◽  
Dennis Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Dietary fiber consists of indigestible carbohydrate. A distinction in fiber classification is “soluble” (SOL) vs “insoluble” (INSOL). Fiber is not absorbed in the small intestine, but arrives intact to the colon where it is metabolized by microbiota. Metabolomics screening determined the impact of foods with SOL vs INSOL fiber on microbiome metabolites and bioactive lipids in feces from cats. Methods Healthy cats were housed in environments promoting social interaction with other cats and people, had access to natural light varying with season, opportunity to exercise and were fed to maintain body weight. Collections under IACUC approved protocols. Two foods produced: SOL (5.2% crude fiber analyzed) and INSOL (10.1% crude fiber analyzed). SOL had citrus & beet pulps, oat bran and barley. INSOL had pea & tomato fiber, and cellulose. Randomized design, with cats assigned SOL (n = 15), INSOL (n = 16). Cats fed for 12 weeks. Metabolomics by LC-MS, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by GC-FID (feces). Data analyzed by mixed model, paired t-test, Hotelling's T2 test and correlation. Significant when P < 0.05. Results SOL increased flavonoids in the feces, likely from fiber-bound sources; these were metabolized by gut microbiota to postbiotics. Only SOL increased SCFA acetate and propionate but not butyrate. INSOL decreased, and SOL increased putrefactive branched SCFA. Polyamine putrefaction products were decreased by INSOL relative to SOL; fecal polyamine levels predicted serum levels. Fecal microbial metabolites of resistant starch, polyphenols and redox congeners were all correlated to fecal taurine across both foods. INSOL significantly decreased the N-acyl classes of fecal endocannabinoids while leaving the O-acyl class unchanged. SOL increased the O-acyl class. Fecal anti-inflammatory fatty acid esters of hydroxystearate (FAHSA; linoleic, oleic and palmitic) were significantly increased by INSOL relative to SOL. Fecal 9/13 hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODE) were increased by INSOL relative to SOL, but the 9–10/12–13 dihydroxyoctadecaenoates (DiHOME) were not affected. Conclusions There are apparent microbiome benefits to both SOL and INSOL fibers. The results here increase awareness of the importance of fiber for felines and further the effort to optimize fiber type and quantity in foods for cats. Funding Sources Hill's Pet Nutrition.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract ofVitis thunbergiiExhibits Lipid Lowering Properties via Modulation of the AMPK-ACC Pathway in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsu Pan ◽  
Chia-Hua Tsai ◽  
Wen-Hsin Lin ◽  
Guo-Yan Chen ◽  
Chieh-Hsi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Vitis thunbergii(VT) is a wild grape that has been shown to provide various cardioprotective effects. The present study was designed to examine whether a VT extract could reduce serum lipid levels and prevent atherogenesis in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model. At the end of an 8-week study, our results showed that a VT extract supplement markedly suppressed the serum levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, reduced lipid accumulation in liver tissues, and limited aortic fatty streaks. Our findings suggest that the VT extract activated AMPK (5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) with subsequent inhibition of the activation of ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase). Our results suggest that this VT extract could be further developed as a potential lipid-lowering agent and as a natural health food to prevent atherogenesis.

Plasma arginine vasopressin during neck suction in upright sitting man

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Norsk ◽  
F. Bonde-Petersen ◽  
J. Warberg
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Arginine

Abstract. In order to examine the influence of carotid baroreceptor stimulation on arginine vasopressin secretion, 8 normal healthy males were subjected to static neck suction of −3.3 kPa for 20 min in the upright sitting position after overnight food and fluid restriction. The plasma concentration of arginine vasopressin did not change significantly during neck suction. However, in 3 subjects the termination of neck suction induced large increases in plasma arginine vasopressin from 1.8 to 63.7 ng/l, from 0.7 to 34.3 ng/l and from 2.1 to 19.0 ng/l, respectively. Two subjects experienced symptoms such as nausea and paleness during neck suction. Systolic arterial pressure increased slightly but significantly during neck suction from 15.3 ± 0.3 to 15.7 ± 0.4 kPa (N = 7, P < 0.05), whereas mean arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, plasma osmolality, plasma sodium and potassium were unchanged. Haemoglobin concentration in blood and haematocrit increased significantly during and after neck suction, whereas plasma volume decreased. We conclude that neck suction with a negative pressure of 3.3 kPa in upright sitting man does not significantly affect plasma arginine vasopressin. However, termination of the stimulation induces large increases in some subjects. This may be explained by a direct effect on the vagus nerve or by a selective deloading of carotid baroreceptors.

Pulmonary vascular dilation induced by l‐arginine: correlation with induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rabbit model

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yoon ◽  
K.‐N. Lee ◽  
J. H. Lee ◽  
J. S. Jeong ◽  
J.‐Y. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Purpose: To determine whether oral administration of l‐arginine induces pulmonary vascular dilation, and if this pulmonary vascular dilation correlates with induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in a rabbit model. Material and Methods: Seven rabbits were fed with l‐arginine dissolved in tap water. The degree of pulmonary vascular dilation was determined using thin‐section computed tomography and the concentration of serum nitrite was measured. They were compared with four control animals. The pulmonary vascular dilation was correlated to serum levels of nitrite. Lung tissues were examined for induction of eNOS by immunohistochemistry. Results: An increased degree of pulmonary vascular dilation was found in the l‐arginine‐fed group compared to the control group ( P<0.05). Serum levels of nitrite in the l‐arginine‐fed group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Pulmonary vascular dilation correlated with serum levels of nitrite ( r2 = 0.95, P<0.05). Induction of eNOS was increased in the l‐arginine‐fed group. Conclusion: The administration of l‐arginine causes pulmonary vascular dilation, which is most likely mediated via nitric oxide through increased induction of eNOS in a rabbit model.

Body fluid and hematologic adjustments during resting cold acclimation in rhesus monkey

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1024-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Oddershede ◽  
R. S. Elizondo
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Blood Constituents

The purpose of this study was to examine body fluid adjustments during prolonged cold exposure in primates. Six male rhesus monkeys were acclimated for 35 days and 6 degrees C and 80% rh. Red cell mass, extracellular fluid volume, and total body water (TBW) were determined with 51Cr, 35SO4, and 3H2O, respectively, prior to and at various intervals during the cold stress. TBW was increased throughout the exposure, whereas changes in extravascular compartments had occurred within the 1st wk of cold exposure, after which they returned to control values. An increased concentration of blood constituents on day 1 was not accompanied by a decrease in cardiovascular volume. Blood volume and plasma volume in relation to TBW were significantly increased on day 3 and remained increased during the remainder of the exposure. These cardiovascular volume changes were accompanied by a significant hemodilution on day 3 and a gradual return to control values. An increased plasma osmolality and expansion of the erythrocytes (decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were observed throughout the cold stress. These data suggest that the rhesus monkey may be an adequate primate model for studies of body fluid adjustments, especially during prolonged cold exposure, in primates in general, including the human.

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