scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Screening of Aerial Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) for Sodium Chloride Tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
S. E. Kalu ◽  
A. N. Osuagwu ◽  
I. A. Ekpo ◽  
L. E. Okonko ◽  
G. M. Ubi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) is an indigenous, edible and energy-giving crop used for herbal remedy for some common ailments like diabetes, dysentery, cholera and conjunctivitis. It is fast-growing and can adapt to different soil types and habitat conditions, therefore seen as having the potential of tolerating salt stress conditions in this area of climate change. This study, therefore, sought to determine the tolerance of D. bulbifera to salt stress conditions through morphological and physiological studies. Bulbils of D.bulbiferaof two distinguished shapes were sourced from local farmers in Abia State, AkwaIbom State and Cross River State of the Niger- Delta region of Nigeria, and established in Biological Sciences Research Farm, University of Calabar, Calabar, to have the various lines for the experiment. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used for the study. At four weeks after sprouting, the plants were treated with 250ml of different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 100, 200 and 300mM) twice a week for six weeks. Morphological data of leaf color, number of leaves/plant, root length, leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, vine length and number of bulbils were measured weekly during the treatment period while physiological data of Chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll- b concentrations, peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were analyzed two weeks after the completion of the treatment. Results revealed that sodium chloride reduced the vine length, number of leaves, number of bulbils, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b concentrations of the plant, and caused an increase in the root length, peroxidase and glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase activities. Although sodium chloride reduced the growth of the D.bulbifera, all the lines were able to produce bulbils at a salt concentration of 0.00mM to 200mM. Therefore, this plantcould be regarded as a moderate salt tolerant plant. Significant differences in growth and yield were found between the lines (P<0.05). Bulbils with round shape tended to show more growth than the spindle shape.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SALICYLIC ACID PRIMING FOR SALT STRESS TOLERANCE IN WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Ghafoor ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

The present research experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore for determining the possible involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in seed priming and affects on the seedling growth and development under NaCl treatments in wheat variety ANAJ-2017, Shafaq-2006 and Galaxy-2013. The data was collected for various seedling traits and statistically analyzed, which revealed the significance of results for treatments, salt applications, genotypes and the interactions between salt treatments and genotypes. The lower coefficient of variation was recorded for all studied traits which revealed that there was consistency among the results for salicylic acid applications and salt or NaCl treatments. It was concluded from our study that the application of salicylic acid (SA) under salt (NaCl) stress conditions helps wheat seedlings to withstand and compete with stressful conditions. The study revealed that the seed priming with salicylic acid helps to improve root length, shoot length, seedling moisture percentage and fresh seedling weights. The application of NaCl caused to increase the root length, number of roots and shoot length of wheat while salicylic acid (SA) was applied in foliar spray. The use of water priming shows medium effects for the seedling growth of wheat under salt stress environmental conditions. The wheat variety Galaxy-2013 has shown good performance for most of the studied traits of seedlings under salt stress conditions. It was suggested from our study that the variety Galaxy-2013 may be used under salt stress conditions or salt affected soils to improve grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Diversity in growth and expression pattern of PoHKT1 and PoVHA transporter genes under NaCl stress in Portulaca oleracea taxa

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
R. El-Bakatoushi ◽  
A. Elframawy
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Plant growth and the expression of two transporter genes; PoHKT1 and PoVHA transcripts in root and shoot tissues were studied under salt stress of three Portulaca oleracea s.l. taxa. The study showed no significant differences in ratios between root lengths in saline and non-saline treatments of the three taxa, which was correlated with a clear down-regulation of the PoHKT1 transcripts in the root after 150mM NaCl. All measured growth parameters except root length increased in P. oleraceae, decreased in P. granulatostellulata and remain unchanged after 100mM NaCl in P. nitida compared to control under saline conditions. The result was consistent with the type of taxon which had significant effect on the shoot length, number of leaves and dry weight (P< 0.05). All measured growth parameters except root length showed a significant negative correlation with the shoot fold change of PoHKT1 transcripts (r = -0.607, -0.693 and -0.657 respectively). The regulation of PoVHA in root and shoot tissues in the three taxa are significantly different. Under salt stress, both decreased uptake of Na+ into the cytosol by decreasing the expression of PoHKT1 and increased vascular compartmentalization ability of Na+ by inducing the expression of PoVHA seem to work more efficiently in P. oleraceae and P. nitida than in P. granulato-stellulata.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF CHERRY TOMATO CHIPS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mirian Nomura ◽  
Luan Soares da Silva ◽  
Matheus Vinicius Abadia Ventura ◽  
Estevam Matheus Costa ◽  
Muriel Silva Vilarinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Screen Mesh ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of cherry tomatoes in protected environments composed of different photoselective screens. The work was conducted in June / July 2018. The treatments consist of different types of protected environments: open sky, black screen (mesh for 30% shade); white fabric (mesh for 20% shade); blue screen (mesh for 20% of shade) and red screen (mesh for 20% of shade). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates, ten plants per experimental plot. The following analyses were performed on cherry tomatoes: leaf number, stem diameter, shoot height, root length, total fresh matter, shoot fresh matter, fresh root matter, shoot dry matter, root, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The black shading, white photoselective, blue photoselective and red photoselective screens did not influence the number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot height, root length, total fresh matter, fresh shoot matter, aerial shoot dry matter, root dry matter, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The red photoselective screen showed superiority in the fresh matter of the root of the other treatments.

The Effect of Streptomyces sp. Isolated from Acidic Cultures of Minerals on Plant Development in Environments Polluted with Mercury

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 598-601
Author(s):  
Sara Liz Pacheco ◽  
Patricia Sheen ◽  
Jasminc Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Three isolates ofStreptomyces variabilis(AB5, F and K1A) and one isolate ofStreptomyces sp.(C2) were isolated of acidic cultures from mineral ores and concentrates from mines of the Peruvian highlands. The isolates were identified molecular and phenotypically and characterized by growth at different conditions as pH tolerance, temperature, and sodium chloride and heavy metals resistance.Streptomyces sp. (C2) was able to grow until 200 ppm of mercury andS. variabilis(AB5) grows in the presence of 100 ppm of mercury. The isolates AB5 and K1A ofS. variabiliswere able to grow only until 50 ppm of mercury.All strains were tested by their ability to induce germination ofLactuca sativa,Medicago sativaandPhaseolus vulgarisseeds exposed to different mercury concentrations. It was shown a significative improvement inL.sativaandP. vulgaris. InL. sativaexposed to 50 ppm of mercury, all strains were able to improve germination, root length and number of leaves. Without Streptomyces addition, they only growth until 10 ppm of mercury.Streptomyces sp.isolatehad better results in germination, root length and number of leaves ofL. sativa.The results found in this work indicate the potential of these isolates for restoration of soils polluted with mercury.

scholarly journals The effect of vehicle exhaust emissions on morphometric and physiological characteristics of Rhus typhina

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. Р. Dzhygan ◽  
O. A. Mylnikova ◽  
I. A. Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
The Road ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Rhus Typhina ◽  
The Impact

Rhus typhina L. (Staghorn Sumac) is fast-growing woody species that reproduces by rhizomes and seeds. Because of its biological benefits, this deciduous member of the Anacardiaceae family has been introduced from its native habitats in the east of North America to urbanized landscapes of Ukraine. In this study we anаlyse changes in morphometric and physiological indicators of 12-year plants of this species in artificial phytocenoses near highways in Pavlograd, Ukraine. Experimental plots were placed at a distance from 25 to 130 meters from the road. The control group of plants was at a distance of 1500 m from the highways. We measured the length and thickness of the annual sprout, number of leaves on it, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves and accumulation of cadmium and lead in the leaf tissues. It was found that, compared to the plants in the relatively clean area, the greatest decreases in the length of the annual shoots of the trees in the plantations were for those which were at a distance of twenty five metres and forty meters from the traffic lanes of the highways. The thickness of the annual shoots of the trees in the plantations did not differ from plants in the clean zone. The number of leaves on a one-year annual sprout at a distance of twenty five meters and forty meters from the path of moving sources of pollution was significantly lower compared to control. We evaluated the impact of vehicle exhaust emissions on the assimilatory organs. We identified a negative effect of the anthropogenic pollutants on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves. The amount of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased with decreasing distance from the plantation to the road. Changes in the content of chlorophyll b had a clear pattern. The concentration of this pigment and the amount of chlorophyll a + b decreased compared with control in the 130 meter area. The amount of toxic heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in the tissues of the leaf was significantly higher than the control values on all plots. The strongest negative effects of phytotoxicants on susceptible plants occurred in plantations in the twenty-five-meter zone, which led to deterioration of the decorative quality of the plants.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON THE GROWTH TRAITS OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) AND PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) SEEDLINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Yousef ◽  
F Shafique ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) both are important legume crops grown throughout the world for protein and they also contain essential vitamins and fibers. Chick pea and pea are very sensitive to abiotic stress that includes heat, drought, cold and salt stress conditions. To access the effects of salt stress on the chick pea and pea an experiment was performed in the Green House of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore. The seeds of both genotypes were grown in 18 pots with 2 kg pure sand and applied different concentrations of NaCl stress after 7 days of germination. The application of salt treatments was repeated 4 times each after 7days interval and data of different morphological traits was recorded each time. The treatments were included control, 0.25Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl concentrations. The data was recorded and pooled analysis of variance was carried out for significance of results. The average root length was recorded as 5.7522±0.0211cm and shoot length (11.139±0.0011cm) while average fresh plant weight was recorded as 0.5811±0.0002g under different salt stress conditions. The finding of our result proved that both varieties chickpea and pea showed variable behavior under salt stress conditions while the pea genotype showed more tolerant against different salt treatments which indicated pea genotypes may be used for future breeding to improve yield and growth of pea crop. The results showed that there was significant and positive correlation among root length, shoot length and leaf length of chickpea and pea seedlings which concluded that root length and shoot length may be used as selection criteria to induced stress tolerance in crop plants.

scholarly journals GENETIC EVALUATION FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aftab ◽  
MA Haider ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

The Coriandrum is most important among the herb which is used as an ingredient in daily human food. It contains a good amount of antioxidants and health improving ingredients that save human body cells from diseases. It is very sensitive for abiotic environmental stress conditions involving drought, heat, and salt stress as important stress conditions. For this purpose, a study was planned to conduct in the greenhouse of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore to determine the effects of salt stress on Coriandrum seedling growth. For our study we have selected four Coriandrum varieties viz., GAMZE, EAGLE, SUPER XO, and PAK-ORG. The results revealed that there were significant differences among the treatments of NaCl concentrations, Coriandrum genotypes, and the interactions among the Coriandrum genotypes and salt concentrations applied. The average Coriandrum seedling length was recorded as 23.021±1.2026cm while root length was recorded as 22.0128±1.0027cm. The genotype GAMZE showed higher root and shoot length which indicated that GAMZE was a higher salt-tolerant genotype and may be used as a salt-tolerant genotype to improve yield per plant in Coriandrum. The genotype EAGLE has shown poor performance for all of the studied traits which indicated that it was a salt-sensitive Coriandrum genotype. The genetic advance and heritability were found higher for all of the studied traits. The significant correlation between shoot length and root length indicated that the genotypes grow longer roots under stress conditions to increase the shoot length of plants while survive under stressful environmental conditions. The selection of Coriandrum genotype on the basis of root length and shoot length may be useful to improve slat stress tolerance in Coriandrum genotypes for higher seed and green plant biomass yield.

scholarly journals Free prolin content in Arabidopsis thaliana Cat2 and Cat3 knockout mutants under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Didenko ◽  
I. M. Buzduga ◽  
R. A. Volkov ◽  
I. I. Panchuk
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Knockout Line

Aim. In plants, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic environmental stress resistance mechanisms function in a concerted manner, but the role of specific isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and their relationship to low molecular weight protective compounds is poorly understood. To investigate this question free proline levels were compared under salt stress conditions in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and knockout mutants for the catalase genes Cat2 and Cat3. Methods. Free proline content was measured under various treatments of plants with sodium chloride. Results. It was shown that under salt stress conditions free proline increase is impaired in leaves of mutants lacking CAT2 and CAT3 activity. In addition, cat3 knockout line shows a reduced basal level of proline under non-stress conditions. Conclusions. Suppression of response to salt stress points to a possible link between the rearrangement of the antioxidant system in the Cat genes knockouts and the regulation of protective cellular response to salt stress.Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, knockout mutants, catalase, proline, sodium chloride.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous and foliar applications of Brassinosteroid (BRs) and salt stress on the growth, yield and physiological parameters of Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Jan Alam ◽  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Imtiaz Ali ◽  
Humaira Gul
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The germination response of Lycopersicon esculentum was studied on different salinity levels from control (non-saline), 0.2,0.4,0.6 and 0.8% NaCl solution. Seeds germinating under salt stress exhibited decrease in saline media as compared to respective control. Seeds germinating with salinity and brassinosteroid (applied exogenously through roots and as foliar spray, 0.25 and 0.5 ppm) exhibited promotion in control as compared to their respective saline media. Plants treated with different salts concentrations (60 and 100mM) NaCl exhibited reduction in plant height, root length, number of leaves, number of fruits and biomass as compared to control while brassinosteroid having concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 ppm (applied through roots and as foliar spray) caused promotion in plant height, root length, number of leaves, number of fruits and biomass in saline and non saline media. Plants treated with different salts concentration of (60 and 100mM) NaCl exhibited increase in Relative water content, leaf water loss, electrolyte leakage, shoot/- root ratio, root/- weight ratio and leaf/- weight ratio at both NaCl concentrations (60 and 100 mM) as compared to control, while stem/- weight ratio showed reduction at both salinity levels as compared to control while brassinosteroid applied in roots and as a foliar spray at 0.25 and 0.5 ppm concentrations exhibited reduction in stem/- weight ratio at high NaCl level (100 mM) as compared to control. 

scholarly journals EFFECT OF RHIZOBIUM ON GROWTH OF DIFFERENT MUNGBEAN VARIETIES UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-263
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Raheel Baber ◽  
Syed Ishtiaq Hyder ◽  
Tariq Sultan ◽  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Fresh Weight

Excessive and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers may pose devastating effect on soil fertility and sustainable productivity. Bio-organic amendments improve soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity. Seeds of mungbean varieties i.e. NCM-2013, Chackwal-Mung 06, NM-11 and AZRI-06 were inoculated with rhizobium in saline soil. These inccilated miunngbean varieties were sown under artificially salinity developed soil (ECe= 5.0 dSm-1) using completely randomized design with three repeats for enhancement of growth. The experiment was conducted during July to September, 2015 in the Head House of Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected on germination, plant height, root length, fresh / dry weight and chlorophyll contents during experiment period. Ionic concentrations of P, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn were determined to compare the difference of edible quality in saline soil under the inoculation of seeds with rhizobium. Effect of biozote on germination, root length, fresh weight and dry weight was significant in all mung bean varieties: NCM-2013, Chakwal Mung-06, NM-II and AZRI-06 under salt stress conditions. Maximum germination (53%) was recorded by Chakwal Mung-06 followed by 51% by AZRI-06. The maximum root length (10.1 cm) was registered by NM-II. Fresh weight / plant was maximum (5.1 g) by AZRI-06. The maximum dry weight/plant (1.5 g) was recorded by AZRI-06. Maximum P% (0.14), Cu (4.83 ppm), Fe (179.3ppm), Mg (2.07ppm) and Zn (168.8ppm) of Chakwal Mung-06 with the use of rhizobium under salt stress by NM-11. Similar trend was also recorded in ionic concentration of P, Cu, Fe and Mg by NM-11 without rhizobium under salt stress conditions.. The saline soil affected the quality of mungbean showing the reduction under salt stress without rhizobium inoculation in ionic concentration. The results of ionic values showed that NM-11 attained the highest position following the AZRI-06. [3] and[8] reported same results regarding K and P of different crops under salt stress conditions.

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