scholarly journals Explaining the Non-significant Changes in Ice-off Date over Six Decades at Lake of Bays and Lake Nipissing, South-Central Ontario

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Huaxia Yao ◽  
Congsheng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
South Central ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Kendall Method

The phenomenon of non-significant trends in ice-off date under a warming climate was quantitatively explained by three efforts:  exploring possible driving factors where possible and defining new factors to represent snow conditions, identifying the contributing factors through correlation and trend tests, and evaluating relative contributions through partial Mann-Kendall method. Why the ice-off became only slightly earlier over 62 years at Lake of Bays has been satisfactorily assessed: the increased winter temperature, increased total rain and decreased days of snow on ground acted as three promoting drivers to earlier ice-off date, but their promoting functions were effectively offset by adverse changes in four other factors (snowfall slope, precipitation slope, snowpack slope, and last day of snow). The ice-off date at Lake Nipissing did not have a significant trend over 58 years, although there were five factors  contributing to the ice-off decline without sufficient offsetting, suggesting that the ice-off of this lake may not be sensitive, or basically elastic, to the climatic variation stressor. Relative contributions of drivers as calculated helped explain how much they contributed to ice-off trends or how much they offset the influences.

scholarly journals Upslope migration of snow avalanches in a warming climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (44) ◽  
pp. e2107306118
Author(s):  
Florie Giacona ◽  
Nicolas Eckert ◽  
Christophe Corona ◽  
Robin Mainieri ◽  
Samuel Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Age ◽  
Snow Avalanche ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Vosges Mountains ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Avalanche Behavior ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Snow Conditions

Snow is highly sensitive to atmospheric warming. However, because of the lack of sufficiently long snow avalanche time series and statistical techniques capable of accounting for the numerous biases inherent to sparse and incomplete avalanche records, the evolution of process activity in a warming climate remains little known. Filling this gap requires innovative approaches that put avalanche activity into a long-term context. Here, we combine extensive historical records and Bayesian techniques to construct a 240-y chronicle of snow avalanching in the Vosges Mountains (France). We show evidence that the transition from the late Little Ice Age to the early twentieth century (i.e., 1850 to 1920 CE) was not only characterized by local winter warming in the order of +1.35 °C but that this warming also resulted in a more than sevenfold reduction in yearly avalanche numbers, a severe shrinkage of avalanche size, and shorter avalanche seasons as well as in a reduction of the extent of avalanche-prone terrain. Using a substantial corpus of snow and climate proxy sources, we explain this abrupt shift with increasingly scarcer snow conditions with the low-to-medium elevations of the Vosges Mountains (600 to 1,200 m above sea level [a.s.l.]). As a result, avalanches migrated upslope, with only a relict activity persisting at the highest elevations (release areas >1,200 m a.s.l.). This abrupt, unambiguous response of snow avalanche activity to warming provides valuable information to anticipate likely changes in avalanche behavior in higher mountain environments under ongoing and future warming.

Tectonic influences on tree growth in northern Patagonia, Argentina: the roles of substrate stability and climatic variation

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1684-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kitzberger ◽  
Thomas T. Veblen ◽  
Ricardo Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
South Central ◽  
Substrate Stability

In northern Patagonia, Argentina, we examined the influences of climatic variation and inter-site variation in substrate stability on the dendroecological effects of earthquakes. In association with the great earthquake in 1960 centered off the coast of nearby Valdivia, Chile, extensive tree mortality occurred in northern Patagonia in Nothofagusdombeyi–Austrocedruschilensis stands on unstable debris fans. To examine the effects of the 1960 and earlier earthquakes on tree growth, we developed tree-ring chronologies from samples of the surviving A. chilensis on unstable debris fan sites and at adjacent nonfan sites of more stable substrates. For controlling the effects of regional climatic variation, we also produced a tree-ring chronology from this species in a more distant and undisturbed stand. Strong variations in tree-growth patterns on fan sites were associated with the historically documented major seismic events of south central Chile that occurred in 1737, 1751, 1837, and 1960. Tree-ring chronologies from nonfan sites (i.e., sites of greater substrate stability) showed much less response to these earthquakes. On the fan sites, strong growth suppressions were associated with the former three earthquakes, whereas strong releases followed the 1960 earthquake. The difference in response is explained by the occurrence of the 1960 earthquake during a period of drought, which in combination with the violent shaking of the ground, resulted in extensive tree mortality followed by growth releases of the survivors. However, severe droughts in the absence of earthquakes also can produce tree mortality and subsequent release of the survivors. Consequently, the synergistic effects of climatic variation and earthquake events must be carefully considered in developing records of both climatic variation and earthquakes.

Snow on Arctic sea ice in a warming climate as simulated in CESM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Webster ◽  
Alice DuVivier ◽  
Marika Holland ◽  
David Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
System Model ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Community Earth System Model ◽  
Snow Distribution ◽  
Snow Conditions

<p>Snow on Arctic sea ice is important for several reasons: it creates a habitat for microorganisms and mammals, it changes sea-ice growth and melt, and it affects the speed at which ships and people can travel through sea ice. Therefore, investigating how snow on Arctic sea ice may change in a warming climate is useful for anticipating its potential effects on ecosystems, sea ice, and socioeconomic activities. Here, we use experiments from two versions of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to study how snow conditions change over time. Comparison with observations indicates that CESM2 produces an overly-thin, overly-uniform snow distribution, while CESM1-LE produces a variable, excessively-thick snow cover. The 1950-2050 snow depth trend in CESM2 is 75% smaller than in CESM1-LE due to CESM2 having less snow. In CESM1-LE, long-lasting, thick sea ice, cool summers, and excessive summer snowfall facilitate a thicker, longer-lasting snow cover. In a warming climate, CESM2 shows that snow on Arctic sea ice will: (1) have greater, earlier spring melt, (2) accumulate less in summer-autumn, (3) sublimate more, and (4) cause marginally more snow-ice formation. CESM2 reveals that snow-free summers can occur ~30-60 years before an ice-free central Arctic, which may promote faster sea-ice melt.</p>

scholarly journals Impacts of climate warming on reindeer herding require new land-use strategies

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhild C. Rosqvist ◽  
Niila Inga ◽  
Pia Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Societal Adaptation

AbstractClimate in the Arctic has warmed at a more rapid pace than the global average over the past few decades leading to weather, snow, and ice situations previously unencountered. Reindeer herding is one of the primary livelihoods for Indigenous peoples throughout the Arctic. To understand how the new climate state forces societal adaptation, including new management strategies and needs for preserved, interconnected, undisturbed grazing areas, we coupled changes in temperature, precipitation, and snow depth recorded by automatic weather stations to herder observations of reindeer behaviour in grazing areas of the Laevas Sámi reindeer herding community, northern Sweden. Results show that weather and snow conditions strongly determine grazing opportunities and therefore reindeer response. We conclude that together with the cumulative effects of increased pressures from alternative land use activities, the non-predictable environmental conditions that are uniquely part of the warming climate seriously challenge future reindeer herding in northern Sweden.

scholarly journals PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Childhood Abuse: Gender Differences among a Homeless Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Sabina De Vries ◽  
Gerald A. Juhnke ◽  
Cherie Trahan Keene
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Complex Ptsd ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Traumatic Distress ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

The current study examined the potential relationship between homelessness, gender, and occurrence of Post-Traumatic Distress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD. Participants were 90 homeless persons from shelters located in a large, South Central Texas, metropolitan city of approximately 1.9 million persons. The study found that homeless participants reported high levels of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Homeless women reported higher rates of childhood abuse and were affected by PTSD at a higher frequency than homeless males. PTSD, Complex PTSD, and traumatic experiences such as childhood abuse appear to be contributing factors to homelessness. Results suggest the need for increased advocacy among counseling and psychology professionals is warranted for homeless persons experiencing PTSD.

A path analysis approach on the factors of human development among Muslims in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abiodun Oladapo ◽  
Asmak Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Path Analysis Approach

Purpose One area of concern for Islamic economics is the challenges and discrimination experienced in Muslim societies and the lower human development indices compared to the Western counterparts. It is possible that the application of the theory of Maqāsid al Sharī’ah (TMS) could provide some insight on the problems and probably offer some support to the policymaker on the direction to take. The purpose of this paper is to apply TMS to validate the factors of human development. Design/methodology/approach The primary data were collected using a questionnaire. The target respondents were Muslims from Nigeria. Both stratified and purposeful random sampling techniques were used to collect the data, and the analyses were done by SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Findings In validating factors that contribute to human development, TMS framework is used, and the model integrates five factors which are considered most likely to have influence on human development. The model proposes that individual factors such social justice and human rights have effects on the factors of human development. Originality value This study provides understanding on the contributing factors to the persistent challenges of human development in predominantly Muslim settings. Previous research which has applied TMS focused more on its financial relevance and has not attempted to understand the situation and proffer solution.

scholarly journals Perceived Sources of Stress among faculty members of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Rosman Bin Md Yusoff ◽  
Kamran Azam
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Individual

The present study aims at exploring the perceived sources of stress among the faculty members of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan by examining the stress coping methods used by faculty members for devising proposed stress management practices to faculty members. Two self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 150 randomly selected teachers from five campuses of (CIIT), Pakistan. The 1st questionnaire comprised 20-items regarding five teacher’s stressors while the second questionnaire contained 10-itmes about the individual stress copying techniques. Scores for items on stressors & stress copying techniques were computed by adding weights assigned and then an Exploratory Factor analysis was run for extracting stress contributing factors. The total teacher’s stress score ranged from 25 to 100 in which female, 25-30 years age group & single teacher had high stress scores. Total 18 items were loaded high (0.60+) on the five factors of stress after factor analysis. Majority of teachers (64%) practiced behavioral self-control, exercise and relaxation techniques for coping stress. This study does not investigate casual link between stress and stress contributing sources among teachers. The results of the study are useful both to academic world and to educational policy makers. This study is an addition to existing knowledge on university teachers’ stress in Pakistan. The awareness about stress contributing factors is vital to the university teachers in Pakistan because the problem of teachers’ stress if left unchecked can have devastating effects both on teachers as well on students.

The Lack of Efficacy in Language Therapy

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack S. Damico
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Failure ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Therapist Bias

Five factors are identified as contributing to the lack of efficacy in the management of a language-disordered child. The fragmentation of language into discrete points during testing and therapy, therapist bias, acquiescence, lack of follow-up, and bureaucratic policies and procedures are found to contribute to this therapeutic failure. Solutions to each of these contributing factors are discussed.

scholarly journals Determining Key Driving Factors for the Successful Retention of Customers of Indian Banks: An Empirical Contemplate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2626-2633
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
Almost All

This study is an attempt to examine the key drivers for successful retention of customers in the Indian banking sector. Due to flow of LPG, the competitiveness in the banking sector has increased significantly and banks are not only competing with each other but also with other non-banking financial institutions (Hull, 2002). As almost all banks provide nearly identical services, so to survive in the long term and to distinguish themselves, they have to apply their own strategy and one of that is how to retain the existing customers. So, in order to enjoy sustainable competitive advantages, customer retention is the most vital marketing strategy. The key objective of this research work is to find out different factors and to identify the key factors among them which will help the banks to retain the existing customers. The results indicate that Customer service, price of product and Service and CRM are the most significant and essential factors which work towards retention of customer. Here the study used both primary and secondary data under which 33 factors have been identified from the extensive literature review and grouped under five factors and through questionnaire the above items were ranked according to their weightage. Out of which five factors identified as drivers which will help the Banking Industry to become success through the customer retention. Here the study applies the statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation and weightage score to find out the driving factors which help to retain the existing customers as well as to create new customers in different banks of India. The findings of the study will help the Indian Banking sector, authority, policy framers, and researchers to study the customer’s perception, their priorities and attitude which will help the banks to minimize customer’s churn and maximize their retention.

scholarly journals Determining Freshwater Lake Communities’ Vulnerability to Snowstorms in the Northwest Territories

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1816
Author(s):  
Janine A. Baijnath-Rodino ◽  
Amaia Albizua ◽  
Laxmi Sushama ◽  
Elena Bennett ◽  
Brian E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

As the exposure to extreme snowstorms continues to change in response to a warming climate, this can lead to higher infrastructure damages, financial instability, accessibility restrictions, as well as safety and health effects. However, it is challenging to quantify the impacts associated with the combination of the many biophysical and socio-economic factors for resiliency and adaptation assessments across many disciplines on multiple spatial and temporal scales. This study applies a framework to quantitatively determine the multiple impacts of snowstorms by calculating the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) for four exposed freshwater lake communities in Canada’s Northwest Territories using three contributing factors (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity). Results indicate that Déline is the most vulnerable community (0.67), because it has the highest exposure and one of the highest sensitivity ranks, while its ability to adapt to exposure stressors is the lowest among the communities. In contrast, Fort Resolution exhibits the lowest LVI (0.26) and has one of the highest adaptive capacities. This study emphasizes that while these freshwater communities may be exposed to snowstorms, they have different levels of sensitivity and adaptive capacities in place that influences their vulnerability to changes in hazardous snowfall conditions. The information gained from this study can help guide future adaptation, mitigation, and resiliency practices for Arctic sustainability efforts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document