scholarly journals Assessment of Biomarkers in Patients Co-Infected with HIV/HBV Attending the Antiretroviral Clinic in a Tertiary Institution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
G. B. Baeka ◽  
G. A. Isong ◽  
B. N. Piakor
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Aim: The level of some biomarkers such as the Lipid profiles and some liver enzymes were checked for in patients who were found to be co infected with HIV/HBV Study Design: The study was conducted among patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus attending the antiretroviral clinic at the Braith Waite memorial hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The samples and relevant data were gotten between the months of January and March 2019, using a structured questionnaire Methodology: The Samples were collected from patients infected with HIV attending the Braith Waite memorial hospital on antiretroviral medication. A total number of 98 samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of HBV IgM core antibody using the ELISA method. The statistical analysis was done using a Stata version 16 and the student T-test was used to determine the P value. A total of 98 samples were collected, 66(67.3%) were females and 32(32.6%) of them were males. Of the 98 samples, 5 (5.1%) of them were positive to HIV/HBV co infection of which 3(3.1%) were females and 2(2%) were males. The age range for those co infected was between 29 – 34 years old. The lipid profile and liver enzymes for the positive samples were analyzed. The result showed an increase in the level of LDL, HDL and triglyceride. The analysis for the liver enzymes showed an increase in the level of AST and ALP while the ALT and GGT remained within the healthy range.  The increase in the level of most of the biomarkers, showed that the patients co infected with HIV/HBV were at risk of heart and kidney diseases since they are already immunocompromised. From this result, it shows that patients who are HIV positive should undergo HBV test regularly. Those who are positive should have their biomarkers monitored and put under medication early.

scholarly journals Detection of hepatitis C virus among HIV patients in Port Harcourt, Rivers State

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010-1015
Author(s):  
Glory Barinuaka Baeka ◽  
Julius Kola Oloke ◽  
Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) a major human pathogen infecting millions of individuals worldwide, thereby in- creasing the risks for chronic liver diseases and has been discovered that HIV/HCV co-infected patients have a greater risk. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HCV infection among HIV infected people in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Methodology: The patients were from the ages of 18 and above attending the antiretroviral clinic for over 6 months. The mean age of the participants was 36.91±8.38. Data were gotten from the 550 patients using a modified questionnaire and 5mls of blood samples were collected through venepuncture into EDTA bottles and spun at 3000rpm for 10 minutes sepa- rating the plasma from the whole blood. The CD4+ count was gotten from the patients’ file and the samples kept at -700C till analized. HCV antibody was detected using a commercially available third generation kit manufactured by Melsin Medical Co and statistical analysis was done using a Stata version 16. P value was determined using ANOVA. Result: Total number positive to the HCV antibody was 24(4.4%) of which 8(33.3%) were males, while 16(66.7%) were females. Prevalence (29.2%) was among patients in the 31–35 age range. The CD4+ count ranged from 22-864 cells/µl with a mean value of 303.08±194. Conclusion: From this study HIV/HCV co-infection occurs among HIV infected people in Port Harcourt. The CD4+ count was discovered to be low and was not age, nor gender dependent. HIV infected people should therefore be routinely screened for HCV. Keywords: Serology; HCV; HIV; CD4+ Count.

scholarly journals Malaria and Intestinal Parasites among Children in Muslim Schools, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Eze, Chinwe Nwadiuto ◽  
Owhoeli Ovutor ◽  
Olasunkanmi, Rukayat Motunrayo
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Malaria and intestinal helminthes infections are major public health problem in low and middle-income countries affecting over 2 million people across the globe. Objectives: This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasites among Muslim school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Methodology: Four Muslim schools: kab model school Rumuagolu, Manbaul hikma Eliozu, An-nur school Rumuodomaya and Al-ameen school Eneka. One hundred and fifty (150) blood and stool samples were collected randomly from the pupils (70 males and 80 female; age range 5-12 years) and examined between the Months of May to July 2018. Results: The overall prevalence of 50.7%, and 43.3% was recorded for malaria and intestinal helminthes respectively. The prevalence for malaria was 32.5%, 63.0%, 58.0% and 50.0%. Intestinal helminthes was 30%, 53.3%, 42.0% and 53.0% for kab, Manbaul hikma, An-nur and Al-ameen Schools respectively. The frequency of parasites encountered was as follows, Strongyloides stercoralis 8.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 14.0%, Enterobious vermicularis 1.3%, Necator americanus 5.3%, Ancylostoma duodenale 4.7%, and Trichuris trichuria 9.3%. Malaria and intestinal helminthes infection was highest in females with 51.2% and 45.0% respectively. Pupils between ages 9-10 had the highest infection rate of (54.0%) for malaria while ages 7-8 had the highest prevalence of 47.7% for intestinal helminthes. Co-infection was 22.0%, 23.0%, 22.0% and 32.0% for kab, Manbaul hikma, An-nur and Al-ameen Schools Respectively. Conclusions: The overall infection for malaria and intestinal helminthes was high. Therefore, regular de-worming of the pupils by parents, and health education are necessary to keep the prevalence in check. This study may also be used to predict risk for communities under consideration.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi . Akpuh ◽  
Ajayi Ikeoluwapo ◽  
Adebowale Ayo ◽  
Idris H Suleiman ◽  
Patrick Nguku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05). Results Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females, and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%), and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contacts with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%); followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal and this serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C.I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C.I=0.02-0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers; highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies are highly recommended.

scholarly journals HIV and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) Deficiency among University Athletes in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
I. O. Okonko ◽  
S. Adewuyi- Oseni ◽  
T. I. Cookey ◽  
K. C. Anugweje
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
University Athletes

Aim: Athletes are not immune to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, and these conditions do not cause any harm or damage to their body as long as the necessary precautions in term of medications and others are adhered to. This research’s main objective was to determine the prevalence rate of G-6-PD deficiency and HIV among the University athletes in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Sports Institute, University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT), Nigeria, between June 2012 and July 2015. Methods: A total of 258 athletes were screened (134 females and 124 males) for HIV and G-6-PD deficiency. The athletes’ ages, gender and dates of birth were obtained and recorded. The presence of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody was detected using the Uni-Gold™ Recombigen® HIV-1/2 for the detection of HIV. While Beutler Semi-quantitative G-6-PD Test Kit (BSA-3000) was utilized for the quantitative detection of G-6-PD deficiency in whole blood. Results: Of the 258 athletes tested, 0.7% was G-6-PD deficient while 1.2% was positive for HIV. The G-6-PD deficient positive cases were found in the age range of 21-25 years while the higher prevalence of HIV was observed in the age range 31-35 years (4.8%), followed by 26-30 years (1.9%) and the least was observed in the age group 21-25 years (0.7%). Age and gender had no significant relationship with the positivity of the athletes to HIV and G-6-PD (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: This study confirms the presence of HIV and G-6-PD deficiency among university athletes in Rivers State, Nigeria. This calls for routine testing of both the athletes and the general public for G-6-PD deficiency to prevent hemolysis causes by G-6-PD deficiency.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among HIV Positive Patients in Some Hospitals in Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. A. Erasmus ◽  
N. P. Akani ◽  
L. O. Amadi ◽  
J. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
State University ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Triple Infection ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are all blood borne pathogens that are still global health challenges and were known to be endemic in Nigeria. Little work had been done on Hepatitis-B and C co-infection among HIV positive patients in the three Senatorial Districts of Rivers State. A case- control, hospital- based study was conducted among subjects from Rivers state University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Zonal Hospital, Bori and Zonal Hospital, Ahoada to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C co-infection in these areas. Three hundred and seventy-five subjects of (10-69 years) and both sexes were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic parameters of the participants. The samples collected were screened and confirmed for hepatitis-B and C using standard techniques. The overall prevalence rates of HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV in this study are 4.5%, 2.1% and 0.8% respectively while the prevalence among HIV positive participants were; 4.6%, 2.8% and 1.1% respectively. Bori had the highest prevalence of HBV and HCV, (5.3% and 4.2%) while Ahoada had the highest prevalence of triple infection (2.1%). The prevalence of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infection was more among subjects within age range of 30-39 years (7.0%, 5.6% and 4.2%) and lowest within the age range of 20-29 years (2.3%, 0% and 0%). Conclusively, the research findings show that the prevalence of hepatitis B and C co-infection among HIV patients in these hospitals are high. Thus, every HIV positive patient should be screened and educated on the danger of co-infection for better management of the patient.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi . Akpuh ◽  
Ajayi Ikeoluwapo ◽  
Adebowale Ayo ◽  
Idris H Suleiman ◽  
Patrick Nguku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background: Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in the Port Harcourt metropolis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05). Results: Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%) and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contact with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%) followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal that serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C.I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C.I=0.02-0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers, highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies is highly recommended. Key Words: Occupational exposure, HIV, healthcare workers, private facility, public facility, PMTCT, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

scholarly journals Hearing among children with neurological disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2938
Author(s):  
Ibekwe Matilda Uju ◽  
Gabriel Job Nneka
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Maternal Illness ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Range

Background: Neurologic disorders are not rare in our environment but studies determining the hearing of these children are almost non- existent. This study therefore is to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in these children and also determine the care seeking attitude of the parents/guardians concerning the hearing.Methods: A hospital based descriptive study of all children attending the children neurologic clinic of university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to parents / guardians who gave their consent for their children to be recruited into the study. Hearing loss in the children was taken as reported by the parents/guardians. Data collected were then entered into Microsoft Excel and then exported to the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 for statistical analysis.Results: The study comprised 49 children; 29 males and 20 females. Age range was from 8months to 18years.  Age group 1-5 years comprised the majority of the study population. Commonest neurological disorder seen was childhood epilepsy n=27, 55.1%. Prevalence of hearing loss was 26.5%. Children with childhood epilepsy had 15.4% having hearing loss while children with cerebral palsy, autistic spectrum disorder and microcephaly had 50% hearing loss recorded. Maternal illness during pregnancy was significantly related to the hearing loss with a p value = 0.045 and presence of neonatal illness with p value =0.009.  Only 7.7% was formally treated while 92.3% had no form of treatment whatsoever.Conclusions: Childhood epilepsy was the commonest type of neurologic disorder seen while highest point prevalence for hearing loss was in cerebral palsy. Majority of parents/caregivers did not seek medical care concerning the hearing loss neither were there any form of treatment given to the children.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Plantation and Banana Marketing in Port Harcourt City Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Sunday Agbagwa ◽  
Ikechi Kelechi Agbugba ◽  
Phokele Maponya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rivers State

The study was centred on the comparative analysis of plantain and banana marketing in the Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 126 plantain and banana marketers whom were selected using a simple random sampling technique from seven purposively-selected markets in the study area. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, a gross margin model, and the t-test. The findings showed that plantain and banana marketers were 100% female, that is only females were identified in the trade; 51.6% and 56.3% of these plantain and banana marketers had mean ages of 40.8 years and 59.5 years respectively; in addition, the majority of the marketers were married (73.0% and 65.1% respectively). Furthermore, they earned a monthly profit of ₦55,370.42 and ₦47,654.74 respectively, which indicates that both businesses are profitable. Further, the plantain and banana trade shared similar marketing channels, the number of which was four, with the most dominant channel being the one composed of the producer, rural assembler, wholesaler, retailer, and the consumer. The t-test analysis demonstrated that the difference in profit by plantain and banana marketers was statistically significant at the p-value of < 0.05. Unemployed youths in Rivers State should be trained by well-meaning organisations so that they can take up the marketing of plantains/bananas as a means of earning a living due to their profitability.

scholarly journals Electrolyte Concentrations and Liver Enzymes in Car Spray Painters Exposed to Car Spray Paints within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Ibiene Sarah Kalio ◽  
O. Onwuli Donatus ◽  
Abel Callum Ndubuisi ◽  
Obisie-eke Godgift
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Anion Gap ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Alanine Amino Transferase ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: To determine the effect of car spray paint on electrolyte concentrations (sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and chloride), Anion gap, Total Protein, Albumin, liver enzymes (Alanine amino transferase and Aspartate amino transferase) of car spray painters. Place of Study:  The study was conducted within Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State Nigeria. Methodology: Twenty (20) male car spray painters age range between 25 and 61 years with 7- 28 years work experience in car spray painting (test subjects) and twenty (20) apparently healthy male individuals aged between 25 and 61 years who work within an office setting far away from car spray painting garage (non-exposed individuals) were used as control for the study. Plasma electrolyte concentrations were estimated using Ion selective electrode method while Liver Enzymes Alanine amino transferase and Aspartate amino transferase were estimated using spectrophotometric method. Results obtained from the experiment were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation. P < .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate and Chloride concentrations in plasma of car spray painters when compared to non-car spray painters did not showed any significant difference (P> .05). However, Anion gap was significantly increased (P<.05) in plasma of car spray painters when compared to non-car spray painters. Alanine amino transferase activity were significantly higher in plasma of Car spray painters (P < .05) when compared to non-car spray painters while Aspartate amino transferase activity, Total protein and Albumin concentrations remained relatively unchanged when compared between the studied groups. However, Aspartate amino transferase and Alanine amino transferase activities were affected by years of exposure to car paints. Conclusions: This study suggest that car spray paint affects Anion gap and Alanine amino transferase activity in car spray painters hence safety apparatus should be worn while working. However further test on other liver enzymes should be done to validate the effect of spray paint on the liver.

scholarly journals WORKPLACE BEHAVIOUR AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICACY OF FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Obinna Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
P Value ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Organizational Efficacy ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined workplace behaviour and organizational efficacy of fast food restaurants in Port Harcourt, Rivers state. Questionnaires were distributed to 384 fast-food restaurant workers in various fast-food outlets. Results showed that 12.5% gave a poor rating of organizational performance, 31.51% gave an average rating while 55.99% gave a very good rating of organizational performance. The study also revealed that that 40.89% were satisfied with their jobs while 59.11% were not satisfied with their jobs. The analysis of organizational motivational rating shows that 16.67% opined that the organizational motivational rating was poor, 60.42% noted that the organizational motivational rating was on the average while 22.92% of the respondents had ‘very good’ motivation.The findings of this study revealed statistically significant relationship between employee work behaviour and organizational efficacy (p value 0.012) at 95% (p≤0.05) probability level. However, the relationship between gender and employee work revealed no statistically significant relationship (0.571) at 95% (p≤0.05) probability level.The study recommended adequate motivation of employees so as to boost organizational efficacy and performance.

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