scholarly journals In-vivo Study of the Efficacy of Sanjeevani Vati in Snake Venom Poisoining

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Pradip S. Mohurle ◽  
Rajendra Lambat
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
First Aid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Russell’S Viper

Background: Visha (Poison) is a substance, which after entering the body, disturbs natural and physiological functions of body (i.e. Dosha, Dhatu, Mala). Due to its potency, it may potentially cause death in a relatively short period. A significant proportion of Indians live in villages distant from the city and work in agriculture with their lower extremities exposed. Snake-rat habitat is more prevalent in rice and sugarcane fields. Aims and Objective: To study the efficacy of Sanjeevani Vati in common cobra venom poisoning and Russell’s viper venom as a first aid measure. Materials and Methods: The preparation of Sanjeevani Vatiis carried out in Department of Rasashastra, Govt. Ayurved College, Nagpur and venom was collected from snake farm’, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai. Animal Experiment for efficacy of Sanjeevani Vati as a first aid measure on Common cobra venom and Russell’s viper venom was carried out in National Toxicology Center (NTC) Pune. Results: The results of survival period in Russell’s viper venom group were proved to be statistically significant. P value is 0.0055(Unpaired t-test; Two tail).But in results of Common Cobra venom, it was observed that there is no delay in appearance of paralysis, convulsion & survival period. In fact all these symptoms appear near about at same time, when Sanjeevani Vati was given orally after ingestion of Cobra Venom. Conclusion: Sanjeevani Vati property is an ophidian. If you have Russell's viper venom, it is helpful as a first aid measure since it extends its life time. Poly Valent Anti snake venom serum does not interact with it (PVASVS).

scholarly journals Alcohol Pattern Consumption Differently Affects the Efficiency of Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Vivo

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Daniela Greco ◽  
Simone Battista ◽  
Laura Mele ◽  
Antonio Piemontese ◽  
Bianca Papotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

It has been well established that moderate alcohol consumption inversely correlates with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, whereas binge alcohol drinking increases cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of this study was to assess in vivo the impact of different drinking patterns on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT); the atheroprotective process leading to the removal of excess cholesterol from the body. RCT was measured with a standardized, radioisotope-based technique in three groups of atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E knock out mice: Placebo group, receiving water, which would mimic the abstainers; moderate group, receiving 0.8 g/kg alcohol/day for 28 days, which would mimic a moderate intake; binge group, receiving 0.8 g/kg alcohol/day for 5 days/week, followed by the administration of 2.8 g/kg alcohol/day for 2 days/week, which would mimic a heavy intake in a short period. Mice in the binge drinking group displayed an increase in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and non-HDL-c (all p < 0.0001 vs. placebo), and a significantly reduced elimination of fecal cholesterol. The moderate consumption did not lead to any changes in circulating lipids, but slightly improved cholesterol mobilization along the RCT pathway. Overall, our data confirm the importance of considering not only the total amount, but also the different consumption patterns to define the impact of alcohol on cardiovascular risk.

Mercury intake by inflammatory phagocytes: in vivo cytology of mouse macrophages and neutrophils by X-ray elemental microanalysis coupled with scanning electron microscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete M Cunha ◽  
Maria João R Oliveira ◽  
Paula G Ferreira ◽  
Artur P Águas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Air Pouch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Microanalysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phagocytes remove and store mercury (Hg) that enters the body. Macrophages and granulocytes respond in opposite ways to Hg: macrophages loose cell viability, and neutrophils become protected from apoptosis. We have investigated the cytology of early intake of Hg by macrophages and neutrophils after a short period (2-4 min) of in vivo exposure to HgCl2. The two types of phagocytes were attracted either to a subcutaneous air pouch or to the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice by in situ BSA injection. BSA caused, 72 hours later, inflammatory exudates where neutrophils (air-pouch cavity) or macrophages (peritoneal cavity) were the predominant cell type. A lethal dose of HgCl2 (25 mg) was then injected in the two inflammatory cavities. The mice died 2-4 min later and the cell exudates were harvested and studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray elemental microanalysis (SEM-XRM). More than half of the phagocytes showed ingested Hg; a higher percentage of macrophages (around 70%) than neutrophils (around 50%) were positive for the metal. Intracellular particles of Hg were spheroid and presented a small diameter (less than 20 nm). They could be seen in large numbers inside phagocytes (up to 20-30 Hg dots per cell); they were scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. The ability of phagocytes to ingest Hg increased as the BSA-induced inflammation progressed. We conclude that (i) Hg is quickly ingested as small particles by phagocytes; (ii) endocytosis of Hg increases with the degree of activation of phagocytes; and (iii) phagocytes internalize Hg by pinocytosis.

scholarly journals The relationship between knowledge and hypothermia first aid attitudes in mountain climbers

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Mayang Dwi Setiyani ◽  
Nurul Fatwati Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Mountain Climbers

Mountain climbing is an interesting and challenging activity, but it has high risks. There is a risk of harm that threat the body and safety during mountain climbing. One of the risks that can occur in mountain climbing is hypothermia which should be treated quickly and appropriately otherwise it can be life-threatening. From the results of preliminary studies that have been conducted by researchers at the Mount Prau Basecamp. According to the Gunung Prau Basecamp guard in 2017 there were 4 cases of hypothermia per week, even in 2014 there was 1 case of a climber who died due to hypothermia. This case occurred because of the climber's lack of knowledge of doing first aid to victims who had hypothermia.  In this case, the climber's knowledge and attitude about prevention and first aid when experiencing hypothermia are the most important factors.The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between climber's knowledge and hypothermia first aid attitudes on the mountain.The type of this research was quantitative research with the correlation study method and a cross-section approach. The population in this study were all climbers of Mount Prau Wonosobo with a sample of 333 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study was consecutive sampling. The data in this study were analyzed using the chi square statistical test.The results of this study were obtained from 333 respondents, 301 respondents (90.4%) had good knowledge and 297 respondents (89.2%) had good attitudes. Statistical analysis showed significant results with a p-value (0.0001) less than 0.05, thus H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which indicated that there was a relationship between the climber's knowledge and hypothermia first aid attitudes on the mountain. In conclusion Knowledge affects a person's attitude towards handling hypothermia. On condition that the knowledge is good, ensuingly the attitude in handling hypothermia will be good.

scholarly journals Blood Serum Minerals - in vivo Mineral Interactions Following Iron Overload

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 4073-4076
Author(s):  
Mirela Ahmadi ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Gabi Dumitrescu ◽  
Silvia Patruica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Iron is an essential mineral for the human, animal and plant kingdom, being present in water, soil and air. In the organism, iron is found both as a ferrous ion (Fe2+) and as a ferric ion (Fe3+), being involved in oxidoreduction processes and as part of protein structure or in complexes with anions present in cells and tissues. The optimal iron concentration in the body depends on several characteristics (organism type, age, gender, environmental conditions - especially related to altitude, physiological status and others), but there is a rather small variation between the minimum and maximum required concentration -deficiency or excess having a detrimental effect on the organism. In the present work iron gluconate hydrate (10 mg Fe2+/kg body) has been administered intraperitoneally to rabbits, in two separate injections. We formulated a diet rich in plants with protective role, and at the end of the experiment the level of blood serum sodium, potassium, magnesium, ionic calcium, total calcium, iron and chlorine was measured. The results showed that iron overload led to a significant increase of potassium (55.74%), magnesium (31.57%), iron (20.86%) and calcium (with 19.69% total Ca and 17.19% ionic Ca), while the concentration of sodium and chlorine showed non-significant decreases (sodium decreased by 3.83%, and chlorine decreased by 1.58%). Therefore, the excess iron administered over a short period of time to rabbits influences the metabolism of several minerals such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron as well as sodium and chlorine and that is reflected in their blood serum level.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Autoprothrombin C Activity from Prothrombin with Snake Venom or Trypsin

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Marciniak ◽  
Edmond R Cole ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Thrombolytic Agent ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Citrate Solution ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Activation Products ◽  
Russell’S Viper ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummarySuitable conditions were found for the generation of autoprothrombin C from purified prothrombin with the use of Russell’s viper venom or trypsin. DEAE chromatographed prothrombin is structurally altered and has never been found to yield autoprothrombin C and also did not yield it when Russell’s viper venom or trypsin were used. Autoprothrombin C is derived from prothrombin with tissue extract thromboplastin, but not in large amounts with the intrinsic clotting factors. With the latter thrombin and autoprothrombin III are the chief activation products. Autoprothrombin III concentrates were prepared from serum and upon activation with 25% sodium citrate solution or with Russell’s viper venom large amounts of autoprothrombin C were obtained, and this was of high specific activity. Theoretically trypsin is not a thrombolytic agent, but on the contrary should lead to intravascular clotting.

Significance of In-Vitro and In-Vivo Correlation in Drug Delivery System

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-531
Author(s):  
Hina Mumtaz ◽  
Muhammad Asim Farooq ◽  
Zainab Batool ◽  
Anam Ahsan ◽  
Ashikujaman Syed
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Form Development

The main purpose of development pharmaceutical dosage form is to find out the in vivo and in vitro behavior of dosage form. This challenge is overcome by implementation of in-vivo and in-vitro correlation. Application of this technique is economical and time saving in dosage form development. It shortens the period of development dosage form as well as improves product quality. IVIVC reduce the experimental study on human because IVIVC involves the in vivo relevant media utilization in vitro specifications. The key goal of IVIVC is to serve as alternate for in vivo bioavailability studies and serve as justification for bio waivers. IVIVC follows the specifications and relevant quality control parameters that lead to improvement in pharmaceutical dosage form development in short period of time. Recently in-vivo in-vitro correlation (IVIVC) has found application to predict the pharmacokinetic behaviour of pharmaceutical preparations. It has emerged as a reliable tool to find the mode of absorption of several dosage forms. It is used to correlate the in-vitro dissolution with in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. IVIVC made use to predict the bioavailability of the drug of particular dosage form. IVIVC is satisfactory for the therapeutic release profile specifications of the formulation. IVIVC model has capability to predict plasma drug concentration from in vitro dissolution media.

Efektivitas Aroma Terapi Lemon untuk Menangani Emesis Gravidarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Vitrianingsih Vitrianingsih ◽  
Sitti Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Paired T Test

Studi memperkirakan emesis gravidarum terjadi pada 50-90% kehamilan. Mual muntah pada kehamilan memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi tubuh dimana ibu menjadi lemah, pucat dan cairan tubuh berkurang sehingga darah menjadi kental (hemokonsentrasi). Keadaan ini dapat memperlambat peredaran darah dan berakibat pada kurangnya suplay oksigen serta makanan ke jaringan sehingga dapat membahayakan kesehatan ibu dan janin. Salah satu terapi yang aman dan dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi keluahan mual muntah pada ibu hamil adalah pemberian aromaterapi lemon. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas aroma terapi lemon untuk menangani emesis gravidarum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Quasi experiment  dengan  one group pre-post test design. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang mengalami emesis gravidarum di Kecamatan Berbah, Sleman. Jumlah sampel 20 ibu hamil trimester pertama yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran mual muntah dilakukan debelum dan setelah  pemberian aromaterapi lemon menggunakan Indeks Rhodes. Analisa data menggunakan uji Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata skor mual muntah sebelum pemberian aromaterapi lemon berdasarkan Indeks Rhodes pada Ibu Hamil dengan emesis gravidarum yaitu 22,1 dan terjadi penurunan skor setelah pemberian aromaterapi lemon menjadi 19,8. Ada pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lemon dengan pengurangan mual muntah pada ibu hamil (p-value = 0.017). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pemberian aromaterapi lemon efektif untuk mengurangi emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester pertama.  Kata kunci: aromaterapi lemon, emesis gravidarum THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON AROMATHERAPY FOR HANDLING EMESIS GRAVIDARUM   ABSTRACT Studies estimate that nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) occur in 50 – 90% of pregnancies. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have a significant impact on the body in which it makes a mother becomes weak, pale, and decreasing body fluid so that the blood becomes thick (hemoconcentration). This situation can slow down blood circulation and inflict the lack of oxygen and food supplies to the body tissues so that it can endanger the health of the mother and fetus. One of the therapies that is safe and can be conducted to reduce nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is by giving the lemon aromatherapy treatment. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the aroma of lemon therapy to deal with emesis gravidarum. This study applied quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was pregnant women who experienced emesis gravidarum. Furthermore, samples were 20 mothers from Berbah, Sleman taken by using a purposive sampling technique. Nausea and vomiting were assessed between before and after giving lemon aromatherapy using the Rhodes Index. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test. The mean score of nausea and vomiting before giving lemon aromatherapy on mother with emesis gravidarum based on the Rhodes Index was 22.1. However, it decreased after given lemon aromatherapy treatment to 19.8. Therefore, there was an effect on giving lemon aromatherapy treatment toward the decrease of nausea and vomiting for pregnant women (p-value = 0.017). Lemon aromatherapy is effective to reduce emesis gravidarum.  Keywords: lemon aromatherapy, emesis gravidarum

Hubungan Religiusitas dengan Citra Tubuh pada Wanita Dewasa Awal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Dessy Sumanty ◽  
Deden Sudirman ◽  
Diah Puspasari
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Calculation Result ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Correlational Research

This research attempts to relate the body image phenomenon with the level of subject religiosity. This research used correlational research design that was involving 332 respondents. The statistical testing which is used to test the hypothesis Rank Spearman. The calculation result with the significance level of trust 95% (a = 0.05) show that the correlation coefficient is 0.083 and p-value is 0.129. It means that Ho is accepted and H1 is rejected. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between religiosity with body image.

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