Technical Terms and Processes: A Case for Transliteration

This literature review article looks into the practice of finding literal translations in the target language for each and every technical term and process in the source language, even if the equivalents are not intelligible to the readers. This practice is evident in many translated textbooks in highly technical majors including IT, engineering and medicine. The paper suggests a hybrid model of translation by employing transliteration (Arabicisation) as well as traditional translation. In other words, known terms and processes should be treated as proper nouns rather than lexical items and subsequently referring to the entities as sounds rather than meanings. This process makes a translated text easier to comprehend, keeps the intended meaning as accurate as possible and saves translators time finding awkward and pointless equivalents in the target language.

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Developing a Model for Translating Euphemism in the Qur’an: An Intratextual- and Contextual-based Approach

Advances in Language and Literary Studies ◽

10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.6p.101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Sameer Naser Olimat

Keyword(s):

Critical Evaluation ◽

Target Language ◽

Intended Meaning ◽

Source Language ◽

Linguistic Model ◽

Single Text ◽

Semantic Coherence

This paper aims to investigate the role of intratextuality and contextuality in the mechanisms of understanding euphemism in the Qur’an, which in some cases would provide evidence for the intended meaning or a way of interpreting and translating euphemisms. It hypothesises that the dependence only on dictionary, exegesis or single text may yield misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the euphemistic meaning. The paper develops a linguistic model for critical evaluation of the translation of Qur’anic euphemisms based on the textual level, which goes beyond word or sentence levels. Methodologically, certain euphemisms in different verses in the Qur’an which require intratextual or contextual references for their identification and interpretation are selected and then possible interpretations of their meanings are verified via checking semantic coherence with other Qur’anic verses. The size of the selected sample is representative to cover the most common taboos in any society; namely health, death, sex and sodomy. Six translations of these euphemistic expressions of the Qur’an are fully analysed. The paper gives evidence that translation decisions made by translators need to rely on information beyond traditional dictionaries or exegetic works and require the recognition of intratextual and contextual ties within the Qur’an. It also finds that most translators attempt to convey the intended meaning of euphemisms, while the euphemistic style is sacrificed. The study concludes that the translation of euphemism in the Qur’an should adhere to the syntactic patterns and lexical units of the source language (SL) structure, and make cultural and linguistic shifts in the target language (TL).

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The meaning of meaning in a literary translatorial action

Babel ◽

10.1075/babel.59.3.02oye ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 274-287

Author(s):

Solomon O. Oyetade ◽

Emeka C. Ifesieh

Keyword(s):

Communication Theory ◽

Target Language ◽

Direct Link ◽

Semantic Approach ◽

Source Language ◽

Communicative Approach ◽

Lexical Items ◽

Discourse Practice ◽

Linguistic Structures ◽

Language Text

This paper concisely reinvestigates translatorial action and observes that the ‘meaning’ of lexical items is not the same with the ‘sense’ of lexical items. The central distinctions between the two terms are that the meaning of lexical items is not only a subjective application, but is also dependent on its environment for its truth-value within any given linguistic discourse. The sense of a word however, refers to its objective use and is context independent. Meaning is viewed as having a direct link with the communicative approach to translation. The approach derives from the Communication Theory, which core assumption is that unpredictability is equivalent to informativity. Unpredictability can be unravelled by building in redundancy into the target text to avoid communication overload.<p>Through a rigorous theoretical explications coupled with an avalanche of exemplifications, it is observed that communicatively generated texts appear smoother and more comprehensible than its semantic counter part. However, the writers, suggest that the communicative approach to translation is necessarily applicable in cases of use variations occasioned by differential discourse practice between the source and the target language socio-cultures. Sequel to that, use variations between languages and socio-cultures in contact often pose linguistic structures that resist semantic rendition, because it fails to recapture the ideational content of the source language text in such instances. It is the failure of the semantic approach to yield adequate text(s) at the target end that necessitates the communicative type.<p>

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Analisis Penerjemahan Kalimat Pasif Bahasa Inggris Ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada Novel Morning, Noon and Night Karya Sidney Sheldon

Lingua Cultura ◽

10.21512/lc.v7i1.418 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Djuria Suprato

Keyword(s):

Target Language ◽

Intended Meaning ◽

Source Language ◽

Language Meaning ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

A translated novel can enrich the culture and life of other nations. In order to properly understand the intended meaning of the author, the translator must understand both the source language and the target language. Meaning is an important element in the translation. Article explained the results of the study of the passive sentences of the source language (English) translated into Indonesian. The results of the study show that not all of the passive sentences of the source language can be translated in the form of passive sentences in target language. Instead, the passive sentences can be translated in the form of active sentences because of the meaning contained.

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A comparative study that investigates the treatment of technical terms, acronyms and numbers in a Tsonga technical target text

Literator ◽

10.4102/lit.v42i1.1703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lidon Chauke

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Economic Status ◽

Translation Studies ◽

Target Language ◽

Semantic Meaning ◽

Source Text ◽

Intended Meaning ◽

Instrumental Value ◽

Descriptive Translation Studies ◽

Technical Terms

In each and every translated text, there is a certain intended meaning that is being communicated to the target reader or audience in their target language, which is equivalent to what is in the source text. Nonetheless, there is still a big debate on whether a translation should follow the communicative meaning or the semantic meaning when conveying the communicated message. This article provides an analysis and application of Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) methodology on the treatment of technical terms, abbreviations or acronyms and numbers in a Tsonga target text. It also investigated the strategies applied by the translator to close the gap between the two languages in question (Tsonga and English), which vary significantly when we compare their instrumental value, hegemony and economic status.

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AN ANALYSIS OF LEARNER LANGUAGE IN INDONESIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS NAHDLATUL ULAMA LAMPUNG

LET Linguistics Literature and English Teaching Journal ◽

10.18592/let.v11i1.4652 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Ruri Supatmi ◽

Desy Awal Mar’an

Keyword(s):

English Translation ◽

Target Language ◽

Communication Process ◽

Educational Study ◽

Intended Meaning ◽

Study Program ◽

Source Language ◽

Collecting Methods ◽

Nahdlatul Ulama ◽

Learner Language

Translation becomes so important since it is the process of replacing the source language into the target language without replacing the intended meaning. The learners usually bring their previous competence of language on performing the second language. The communication process either spoken or written is the way to interpret the other people’s language even in different culture or language. Thus, the purpose of the source language in the text delivered accurately.This research was aimed at describing learner languages phenomena related to the five procedures of translation then showing the precentage of learner language in translation procedures from Indonesian to English.The data collecting methods used interview and documentation. The data was gathered from the students’ result of translation 2 semester test at Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Lampung. The research was conducted toward thirty three of the sixth semester students of English Educational Study Program of Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Lampung .the result of the research showed that most of the students’ learner languages and errors were found in translation procedures, the highest percentage of learner language in translation procedure in Indonesian-english translation was transposition, and the students didn’t understand about translation procedures.

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PENERJEMAHAN BUTIR BUDAYA DARI BAHASA INGGRIS KE BAHASA INDONESIA

Adabiyyāt Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.14421/ajbs.2012.11207 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 317

Author(s):

Fuad Arif Fudiyartanto

Keyword(s):

Target Language ◽

Source Language ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Free Translation ◽

Lexical Items ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

Culture specifics, i.e. the manifestation of culture in language, are unique and their translation is also quite complicated compared to other ordinary lexical items. The culture of the source language may not necessary have equivalence in the target language culture. However, it is believed that there are several alternative ways, or translation techniques, to solve the problem. The techniques such as choosing more common words, borrowing, translation by adaptation, or free translation by the culture of the target language (Indonesian), in addition to several other alternatives, can be used. The translation techniques for those culture specifics should be chosen on the basis of the text the translators are dealing with, and so they need to be careful in choosing the most appropriate one.

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TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY ANALYSIS OF PROPER NOUNS IN THE NOVEL PRIDE AND PREJUDICE BY JANE AUSTEN

Hortatori : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia ◽

10.30998/jh.v4i2.526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 86-98

Author(s):

Ayu Bandu Retnomurti ◽

Marmita Fiona

Keyword(s):

Jane Austen ◽

Target Language ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Proper Noun ◽

The Novel ◽

Pride And Prejudice ◽

Source Text ◽

Source Language ◽

Proper Nouns ◽

Original Title

Abstract: The research aims to describe translation ideology analysis of proper noun and todescribe the types of translation ideology which occur in the novel Pride and Prejudice. Themethod used in the research is a qualitative comparative approach by comparing the translation ofproper nouns in Source Language and Target Language. The results of the analysis show that thetranslator used foreignization ideology to transfer the meaning of the source text. The tendency isseen in the title of the text where the translator keeps the original title Pride and Prejudice insteadof transferring into Harga Diri dan Prasangka. The type of translation ideologies occur in thenovel are foreignization in which the translator stays faithful to the source language by preservingMr. Darcy into Mr. Darcy, and domestication in which the translator stays closer to the targetlanguage by transforming The Bennets into Keluarga Bennet.Key Words: Translation; Translation Ideology; Proper Noun; Novel

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How Three Different Translators of The Holy Qur’an Render Anthroponyms from Arabic into English

Names ◽

10.5195/names.2021.2255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Mahmoud Afrouz

Keyword(s):

Native Speaker ◽

Target Language ◽

Sacred Text ◽

Intended Meaning ◽

Source Language ◽

Translation Strategy ◽

English Translations ◽

Research Questions ◽

Implied Meaning ◽

Shed Light

The present paper examines anthroponyms in the Holy Qur'an in three different English translations to shed light on how procedures used by translators can help target-language (TL) readers understand the implied meaning of anthroponyms. In order to conduct the research, the anthroponyms in the Holy Qur'an were isolated and English equivalents were identified. Then Vermes’s (2003) model was applied to the collected data to find answers to the following research questions: (1) What strategies are used most frequently by the translators examined to render the Qur’anic anthroponyms into the target-language (TL)?; (2) How consistent are the translators in using particular strategies when translating the anthroponyms?; (3) Does the type of translator affect their choice of translation strategy?; (4) Does the model suggested by Vermes (2003) cover all of the strategies employed by the three translators?; and (5) Which procedures are source-language-oriented, TL-oriented, or deep-reader oriented? Overall, the findings indicated that the procedures most frequently used by the translators were “substitution” and “transference.” It was found that the native speaker of neither Arabic nor English foreignized 96.80% of the Qur’anic anthroponyms by using “transference,” while the native translators of either the target-language or the source-language domesticated 71.00% of the anthroponyms by using “substitution.” “Substitution” was used when an exact Biblical equivalent for the Qur’anic anthroponym existed. Otherwise, “transference” was used along with notes to transport the meaning and form while remaining faithful to the intended meaning of the sacred text.

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Etumos Apistos, “Truly Doubtful”: Confounding Etyma in Scientific Nomenclature

10.29007/lkss ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Juan José Calvo

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Target Language ◽

Source Language ◽

Common Reference ◽

European Languages ◽

European Science ◽

Western European ◽

Early 18Th Century ◽

Technical Terms

From the early 16th century, Western European science systematically resorted to Latin and Greek, the two fundamental languages of its culture, to construct their terminology. The various Renaissance anatomical atlantes, the early 18th century zoological and botanical taxonomies, the neo-Hellenisms of the late Ancient Régime chemists … scientific nomenclature at large, systematically relied upon the premise of a shared cultural soil, regardless of nation of origin, mother tongue or field of knowledge. The neologism, the neo-Greek and/or neo-Latin construct shall, thus, be a common reference to all Western European languages and, consequently, the eventual linguistic mediator would not have to worry about transmission values except for lesser (spelling, phonetic, morphological, syntactical) adaptations and for fine, even subtle adjustments of the technical or the semi-technical terms. And yet, that confidence does not always turn out to be trustworthy and there are too many instances in which the source language etymon and the target language etymon do not match and the linguistic mediator, the translator or interpreter, is forced to rethink the inferred ‘univocal’ nature and the referential invariability of the terminology that is to be transferred.

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Lexical Analysis of Arabic Near-Synonyms in the Holy Qur'an: A Case Study ofسنةsanah and عام‘aam

International Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.5296/ijl.v11i5.15241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Linda S Al-Abbas ◽

Rajai Khanji

Keyword(s):

Literal Meaning ◽

Target Language ◽

Lexical Analysis ◽

Source Language ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Lexical Items ◽

Near Synonyms ◽

Different Cultures

Translation is a process that enables communication between different cultures and breaks barriers between languages. Synonymy is equivalence of sense (Griffiths, 2006). It refers to words that mean the same or show semantic resemblance to one another. Words in synonymous pairs can replace each other in sentences with no change of the literal meaning, and therefore, the substitutability test is used to determine whether or not words are synonyms. Translators face many problems in conveying the intended semantic message and finding the exact lexical equivalents in the target language, in addition to the cultural aspects that they need to overcome in the source language. The present study is an attempt to explore the strategies used by different Qur'an translators in rendering an Arabic synonymous pair, namely سنةsanah and عام ‘aam (year) into English, and to find out which translations could be more proper than others. The findings proved that some Qur'anic terms are untranslatable, and choosing an accurate equivalent in the target language is not possible because of the differences in the lexical items available in each language. This study concludes that the Holy Qur'an has distinctive aspects that cannot be delivered in other languages and it impresses the readers with the deep and expressive terms that were used for certain purposes.

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