scholarly journals Ethnic translation studies as a new translation boarderland / frontier

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
В.А. Разумовская
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Frontier Zone

Статья посвящена анализу некоторых изменений, происходящих в предметном поле современного переводоведения и связанных с появлением новых объектов перевода на практике и их теоретического осмысления. Случаи расширения категориальной парадигмы науки о переводе рассматриваются в контексте основных социокультурных процессов (глобализации и глокализации), поскольку ключевыми объектами рассматриваемого неовида перевода являются этнотексты, принадлежащие культурам коренных народов Сибири. Этнотексты представляют собой традиционные хранилища культурной информации и памяти уникальных этносов, некоторые из которых испытывают значительное влияние унификации, что нередко приводит к нивелированию их культурных и языковых особенностей. В настоящем исследовании предпринята попытка использования для рассмотрения проблематики декодирования информации этнотекстов методологического инструмента, ставшего в последнее время популярным в гуманитарном дискурсе – фронтира. Символическое понимание фронтира применимо к обозначению и рассмотрению в научном (переводоведческом в данном исследовании) дискурсе встречи старого и нового, изученного и неизученного, понятного и непонятного, однозначного и неоднозначного. В зоне фронтира информационная энтропия возрастает, что требует её преодоления и что в конечном счете может обеспечить дальнейшее развитие науки о переводе. Ставшая в XXI веке актуальной проблематика перевода этнотекстов отнесена в настоящей работе к новой фронтирной зоне переводоведения, в рамках которого еще предстоит решить вопросы определения механизмов изучения текстов, созданных первоначально на языках коренных народов, в зеркале этноперевода. Выделение этнопереводовения как самостоятельной области переводоведения может способствовать созданию новых возможностей для знакомства представителей «других» культур мира с уникальными языками и культурами, некоторые из которых находятся под угрозой исчезновения. Другая важная задача этноперевода определяется в отношении его использования для ревитализации и потенциальному возрождению языков коренных народов Сибири, сохранению их культурной идентичности и обеспечению культурного и языкового разнообразия современного мира, что может стать положительным исходомтекущего процесса глокализации. Некоторые вопросы формирующегося в настоящий момент этнопереводоведения рассмотрены на примере опыта перевода этнотекстов коренных народов Красноярского края и Республики Саха (Якутия). The article is devoted to the analysis of some changes taking place in the subject field of modern Translation Studies and related to the emergence of new translation objects in practice and their theoretical consideration. The cases of the categorical paradigm of the science of translation expansion are discussed in the context of the main socio-cultural processes (globalization and glocalization), since the key objects of the considered neo-type of translation are ethnic texts belonging to the cultures of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. Ethnic texts are traditional repositories of cultural information and memory of unique ethnic groups, some of which are significantly influenced by unification, which often leads to the leveling of their cultural and linguistic characteristics. In this study, an attempt is made to use a methodological tool that has recently become popular in the humanitarian discourse to consider the problems of decoding information of ethnic texts – a frontier. The symbolic interpretation of a frontier is applicable to the designation and consideration in the scholarly (Translation Studies in the present research) discourse of the meeting of the old and the new, the studied and the unexplored, the understandable and the incomprehensible, the definite and the ambiguous. In the frontier zone, information entropy increases, which requires overcoming it and ultimately can ensure the further development of the science of translation. The problems of ethnic texts translation, which have become relevant in the 21st century, are attributed in the present paper to the new frontier zone of Translation Studies, within the framework of which the issues of determining the mechanisms for studying texts originally created in the languages of indigenous peoples in the mirror of ethnic translation have yet to be resolved. The identification of ethnic translation as an independent field of Translation Studies can contribute to the creation of new opportunities for “other” cultures of the world representatives to get acquainted with unique languages and cultures, some of which are endangered. Another important task of ethnic translation is defined in relation to its use for the revitalization and potential revival of the languages of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, the preservation of their cultural identity and ensuring the cultural and linguistic diversity of the modern world, which can become a positive outcome of the current glocalization process. Some issues of the currently emerging Ethnic Translation Studies are considered on the example of the experience of translating the ethnic texts of the indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

scholarly journals The tension of unity and conflict in multilingualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Ushuple Lucy Mishina
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Language Loss ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Broad Definition

In our modern world, multilingualism is a common phenomenon. By broad definition, the term ‘multilingualism’ is the use of two or more languages, either by a person or by a group of speakers. Though there have appeared debates and countless studies along with the dominance of multilingualism in any given society. It is often agreed upon by many scholars that multilingualism can be both a problem and a resource. This research paper aims at illuminating the tension of unity and conflict in multilingualism and linguistic diversity. In doing so, this research focuses on multilingualism in Africa and possible implication for unity and conflict within the continent. This paper discovers that multilingualism can cause a crisis of identity, language loss, the death of a language. It can lead to violence and ethnic clashes. In some cases, it can help foster unity in a country.

Along Ethiopia's western frontier: Gambella and Benishangul in transition

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Young
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Western Frontier ◽  
Frontier Zone ◽  
Regional Governments

The lowland Ethiopian regions of Gambella and Benishangul, bordering Sudan, form a classic frontier zone. ‘Modern’ politics dates from the 1974 Ethiopian revolution, and has been shaped by developments on either side of the frontier, as well as by the complex relations among indigenous peoples, and between them and immigrants and officials from highland areas of Ethiopia. The implementation of the post-1991 Ethiopian government's programme of ethnic regionalism has intensified local rivalries, and regional governments remain weak, being highly dependent on professionals from highland Ethiopia. Education, transport links, and other indicators of development remain poor. None the less, local political power, in sharp contrast to earlier periods, has to an appreciable extent passed into the hands of indigenous leaders.

scholarly journals Pluralidade Linguística na História da Educação Brasileira

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Wellington de Oliveira ◽  
Wéllia Pimentel Santos
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Migrant People

RESUMONo início do processo de colonização, os portugueses tiveram de conviver com as muitas línguas que eram faladas pelos povos indígenas que ocupavam o território brasileiro. A partir do século XVIII, um Decreto do governo do Marquês de Pombal proibiu o uso da chamada língua geral e demais línguas nativas, impondo ao povo brasileiro a línguaportuguesa como língua oficial. Entretanto, muitas línguas indígenas permaneceram, talvez como forma de resistência. O português é a língua oficial do Brasil, mas esse mesmo Brasil é dono de um patrimônio linguístico que conta com cerca de 200 línguas indígenas, além de ter grande influência em outras línguas de origem africana, europeia e asiática. Destarte, o presente trabalho, partindo de uma análise crítica, visa trazer algumas concepções sobre essa diversidade linguística na história da educação brasileira. Para tanto, esta pesquisa faz um breve retrospecto sobre o processo que levou a hegemonização do português falado no Brasil, discute os métodos de repressão aos povos migrantes do sul do Brasil e o processo de extinção das línguas dospovos indígenas, além de trazer uma breve abordagem sobre a variação linguística no que tange ao português falado assim como o escrito. A metodologia aplicada ao trabalho se ateve a um estudo descritivo, do tipo revisão bibliográfica, que se respaldou em literaturas científicas e trabalhos acadêmicos referenciados, que discutem a diversidade cultural e sociolinguística, com enfoques distintos.Palavras-chave: Diversidade. Língua. Português.ABSTRACTAt the beginning of the colonization process, the Portuguese had to live with many languages that were spoken by the indigenous people who occupied the Brazilian territory. From the eighteenth century, a government decree of the Marquis of Pombal banned the use of socalled general language and other native languages, requiring the Brazilian people to Portuguese as an official language. However, manyindigenous languages remained, perhaps as a form of resistance. Portuguese is the official language of Brazil. But that same Brazil owns a linguistic heritage that has about 200 indigenous languages, besides having great influence on other languages of African, European and Asian origin. Thus, the present study, based on a critical analysis, aimsto bring some views on this linguistic diversity in the history of Brazilian education. Therefore this research makes a brief review of the process that led to the hegemony of the Portuguese spoken in Brazil, discusses the methods of repression of migrant people in southern Brazil and theprocess of extinction of the languages of indigenous peoples, and bring a brief approach on linguistic variation in relation to the Portuguese spoken as well as written. The methodology applied to this work adhered to a descriptive study, the type literature review, which is backed by scientific literature and referenced academic papers that discuss cultural diversity and sociolinguistics with different approaches. Keywords: Diversity. Language. Portuguese.RESUMENAl comienzo del proceso de colonización, los portugueses tuvieron que convivir con muchas lenguas que eran habladas por los indígenas que ocupaban el territorio brasileño. A partir del siglo XVIII, un Decreto del gobierno del Marqués de Pombal prohibió el uso de lallamada lengua general y otras lenguas nativas, imponiendo al puebblo brasileño la lengua portuguesa como lengua oficial. Sin embargo, muchos idiomas indígenas siguieron siendo, tal vez como una forma de resistencia. El portugués es la lengua oficial de Brasil, pero esse mismo Brasil posee un patrimonio lingüístico que tiene alrededor de 200 lenguas indígenas, además de tener una gran influencia en otras lenguas de origen africana, europea y asiática. Así, el presente estudio, basado en un análisis crítico, tiene como objetivo traer algunas concepciones sobre esta diversidade linguística en la historia de la educación brasileña. Por lo tanto, en esta investigación se hace una breve retrospectiva del proceso que condujo a la hegemonización del portugués hablado en Brasil, se discute los métodos de represión a las personas migrantes del sur de Brasil y el processo de extinción de las lenguas de los pueblos indígenas, además de traer un enfoque sobre la variación linguística en relación al portugués hablado, así como escrito. La metodología aplicada al trabajo se basó en un estudio descriptivo, con una la revisión bibliográfica, que se respaldó en literaturas científicas y trabajos académicos referenciados, que tratan sobre la diversidad cultural y sociolinguística, con diferentes enfoques.Palabras clave: Diversidad. Idioma. Portugués.

scholarly journals On the subject field and methodological foundations of legal and political science.

2020 ◽  
pp. 435-445
Author(s):  
Kresina I.O.
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Wide Range

Legal and political science is a relatively new trend in political science, which began to emerge in Ukraine only in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The current stage of conceptualization and institutionalization of legal political science is characterized by the formation of its own theoretical base, the expansion of the circle of researchers dealing with this issue. It is necessary to identify the sources of the formation of legal and political science, its object and object, tasks and functions, that is, to create a fundamental theoretical concept that reflects the level of knowledge achieved and is a kind of basis for further scientific research in this direction. The transformative processes that took place in society and science in the second half of the XX century had a decisive influence on the process of designing legal and political science into an independent field of knowledge. and which eventually led to: 1) increased attention of scholars to the consideration of politics and law in the unity of their value-meaning characteristics; 2) the identification of political law as an independent area of ​​scientific research; 3) intensifying the development of interdisciplinary political and legal studies. Legal and political science is, in fact, a post-nonclassical stage in the development of political science, which determines its originality in terms of subject and methodological aspects. Formed on the border of political science and jurisprudence, legal and political science is an integrative system of knowledge that combines the cognitive resources of both sciences. Legal and political science aims to cover a fairly wide range of issues of state-legal construction. At the same time, the specificity of legal political science is that it focuses on the study of the political constituent of law, studying the socio-political conditions of the exercise of law, the influence of political phenomena and processes on the creation and functioning of legal norms. That is, it is interested in law not as a set of certain norms, their nature and character, but above all the political conditionality of law thr

scholarly journals Organization’s Characteristics that Facilitate the Innovation Process and Techniques- Case of Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Matriano
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Innovation Impact

Many global organizations today have shown tremendous growth year after year and the measure of their success is beyond what the competition has achieve. The most common characteristic of the globally successful organizations is their continuous engagement in innovation that not only changes the playing field in the competition, but also creates a disruption in which the influence of the innovation impact social, economic, and political dynamics of the modern world. Facilitating innovation requires strategic approach by organizations in the processes of implementation. Some of the key characteristics of an organization that successfully facilitates the innovation process includes flexibility, openness, agility, adaptiveness, and cultivation. In the case of Oman, facilitating innovation and strategically applying the techniques to achieving positive outcome is a challenge that organizations are striving to overcome. Notable examples of innovation process approach by Omani organizations include creating a network of other organizations that are willing to partake in information exchange. Another example is collaboration in which a less capable organization collaborate with larger firms creating a mutually beneficial partnership to facilitate innovation and development.

Translanguaging: the concept origin and meaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Aliya Iskakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Linguistic Approach

The status of English language as a lingua franca and the steady expansion of its influence in many areas of human activity cause an ambiguous reaction in the modern world and is accompanied by the emergence of relevant trends in linguistic science and real practice of foreign languages training. In the world linguodidactics, there is a constant search for effective ways of teaching foreign languages, which is inevitably accompanied by a search for solutions to acute problems associated with the English language diversification from the one hand and the preservation of linguistic diversity and cultural identity from the other hand. Analysing the scholars and educators works the author traces the emergence and meaning of the concepts of “translingualism” as a linguistic approach and “translanguaging” as a didactic method. The paper is of great interest from the point of view of acquiring new knowledge and expanding the existing linguodidactic experience. In foreign linguistics, there is a lively discussion about the essence of this phenomenon, which arose as a pedagogical tool in the UK and later took shape in the pedagogical system by the efforts of many scientists and received full theoretical justification in the works written by American scientist Ophelia Garcia and British linguist Lee Wei. Translingualism is considered not only as a powerful pedagogical tool of foreign language training, one the ways to diversify and develop English language, but also as a way to solve accumulated problems in the social sphere, including those the speakers from different linguistic cultures have while communicating.

Mana, Macht und Mythen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bargatzky
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Universe

We should avoid the disrespect involved in giving mythic and religious facts less importance than they actually have in the life of non-Western indigenous peoples. This book deals with mythologic ideas which inhere in the ritual reproduction of the body politic in the actions of contemporary peoples in Australia and Oceania who still depend on the functioning of family and clan. By ritual fusion and compartmentalization, they successfully manage to live in the modern world without abandoning certain essential elements of their pre-European religious and civic cultures. By expediently switching codes, they can continue to act according to the rules of traditional society and perform as citizens of the contemporary world. The conception of myth as a rational way to explain the universe by rendering it meaningful is a necessary prerequisite for our understanding of the ways of peoples whose cultures are rooted in the past but who can perform successfully in the modern world.

Flaubert’s Parrot

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-468
Author(s):  
Jelena Pralas ◽  
Olivera Kusovac
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Abstract The strict boundaries between disciplines have been seriously challenged by various links established between them through cross-fertilization. Links between literary and translation studies are not new. However, in the (post)-modern world, when interdisciplinarity is starting to give way to transdisciplinarity, a new meeting point has been found in transfiction, enabling translation to become an interpretative paradigm for literature. Attempting to support this rather neglected approach, this paper analyzes Julian Barnes’s Flaubert’s Parrot in the light of the relationship between source and target texts and the concept of the invariant as a reflection of the postmodern quest for truth, claiming that the novel makes a fictional dethronement of the source text and calls for a shift from instrumentalism to the hermeneutic approach in translation.

scholarly journals The Power of Social Attribution: Perspectives on the Healing Efficacy of Ayahuasca

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Brabec de Mori
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Attribution ◽  
Natural Remedy ◽  
Correct Communication ◽  
The One ◽  
Trigger Mechanisms ◽  
Recreational Use

During the last decades, ayahuasca gained much popularity among non-Indigenous and out-of-Amazonia based populations. In popular culture, it has been advertised as a natural remedy that was discovered by Indigenous peoples ante millennia and that has been used for shamanic healing of all kinds of ailments. This “neo-shamanic,” and often recreational, use of ayahuasca, however, has to be distinguished from traditional Indigenous praxes on the one hand, and, on the other hand, from medical investigation in the modern world. The former, Indigenous use mainly understands ayahuasca as an amplifying power for interacting with non-human beings in the animal, plant, or spirit realms. Within this paradigm, efficacy is not dependent on the drug, but on the correct communication between the healer (or sorcerer) and the non-human powers that are considered real and powerful also without resorting to ayahuasca. The latter, modern mode of understanding, contrastingly treats the neurochemical processes of MAO inhibition and dimethyltryptamine activity as trigger mechanisms for a series of psychological as well as somatic responses, including positive outcomes in the treatment of various mental conditions. I argue that there is an ontological incommensurability occurring especially between the Indigenous and medicinal concepts of ayahuasca use (with recreational use in its widest understanding trying to make sense from both sides). Modern medical applications of ayahuasca are so fundamentally different from Indigenous concepts that the latter cannot be used to legitimate or confirm the former (and vice versa). Finally, the deep coloniality in the process of appropriation of the Indigenous by the modern has to be questioned and resolved in any case of ayahuasca application.

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