Exploring Specialist Palliative Care Practitioner Perspectives on the Face Validity of the Attitude to Health Change Scales in Assessing the Impact of Life-limiting Illness on Patients and Carers

Background: Identifying and assessing vulnerability and resilience through reflexive reactions and conscious coping responses to life-limiting illness is an important, but rarely assessed, component of care. The novel Attitude to Health Change scales can contribute to this, but require fuller development and testing. Objectives: Exploring face validity of the Attitude to Health Change Scales (patient and carer versions) from the perspective of specialist palliative care professionals. Design: A two-stage study: (i) focus groups to explore experiences of scale use and wording, (ii) online survey to gather preferences on possible scale modifications. Focus group data were analysed using framework analysis. A hermeneutic approach was used to modify the wording of the scales, ensuring adherence to the underpinning concepts used in the design of the scale, congruence with the palliative care context, and simplicity of language. Setting/Subjects: Specialist palliative care practitioners in UK hospice settings who had been involved in pilot use of the scales in clinical practice. Results: 21 practitioners participated in 3 focus groups across 3 UK hospice sites, 9 of those participants responded to the survey. Four themes are presented: the importance and distinctiveness of the scales; maintaining conceptual integrity; ensuring a palliative care focus; and ensuring linguistic clarity. New iterations of the patient and carer versions of the Attitude to Health Change scales were developed. Conclusion: The scales appear to reflect the intended theoretical constructs, and are worded in a way which is congruent with the experience of specialist palliative care practitioners.

Formation of a value attitude to health among younger school children in an innovative educational environment

The purpose of the research: to study the substantive foundations of the organization of health education and health savings in younger schoolchildren; to develop a "Health saving space of a child in an innovative educational environment" model; to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of an educational project. The study involved 44 children from the 2nd grade (Gymnasium No. 1 of the city of Krasnozmensk, Moscow region); 44 parents; scientific and pedagogical staff. Based on the study of scientific literature, theoretical analysis and systematization of domestic experience on the problem of value attitude to the health of younger schoolchildren have been carried out. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the observation method; the author's questionnaire (the study of the attitude of younger schoolchildren to their health); "The methodology of the study of value orientations" (M. Rokich). The conducted empirical study confirmed the hypothesis about the need to form a value-based attitude to health in children. The research is a necessary direction in the development of preventive pedagogy and psychology on health education and health saving of children. The materials of the article can be used by teachers, psychologists, teachers, students.

«Health - disease» Conceptual Sphere: Cultural Code

The research is focused on the conceptual, figurative and value features of health - disease concepts due to their permanently growing importance, reflected in the language mindset. These processes are caused by various trends leading to the increasing danger to human health: epidemics, human-induced disasters, environment pollution. Due to the relevance of the issues, the authors aim to analyse the health - disease conceptual sphere as a strategy to changehuman mentality and the attitude to health as a norm and a value as well as to disease as a deviation from normal life, which implies observation of values and image characteristics of concepts, revealing and describing the cultural semantics of signs. The research is designed according to the original perceptive image that every concept is based on. This image represents a vector basis in a configuration of meanings inherent in the whole conceptual sphere. The analysis of the conceptual sphere using the corpus analysis tools allowed the authors comes to the conclusion that they vary and differ within cultural functionality determined by the conceptual characteristics. Actualization of a negative or positive attitude to health and disease caused by internal and external factors reveals the dominance of the signs motivated by the external events, such as the formation of the new human health-oriented mentality and the creation of a specified conceptual sphere. The description of ambivalent concepts provided in the axiological perspective provides an opportunity to learn more about complicated conceptual spheres and explore linguistic experience objectivation, experienced knowledge quantum as well as social and group specifics in the health - disease conceptual sphere.

STUDY OF THE ATTITUDE TO HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE OF RAILWAY WORKERS

The aim of the study is to identify risk factors that increase the likelihood of chronic non-communicable diseases in railway workers, as well as the state of conditions for employees to lead a healthy lifestyle. Materials and methods: The research was carried out by the method of online questionnaire of employees. A quota sample was used to select respondents. The total volume of online survey is 13,595 people or 1.5% of the staff of Russian Railways. Also interviewed were 1,531 employees of FPK JSC or 2.8% of the staff number of employees. The questionnaire contained a general part, passport part and questions on the main components of a healthy lifestyle, compiled on the basis of the STEPS toolkit. The results of the study: 29% to 71% of respondents adhere to the principles of rational nutrition. The absence of hypodynamy depending on the profession was revealed in no more than half of the respondents. Never smoked from 25% to 65% of workers. An excellent level of commitment to healthy lifestyle was noted in 25%...52% respondents. The largest number of employees who comply with the principles of healthy life is shown among electromechanics, economists, technologists and train crew workers.

Methods of Ensuring Continuity in the Healthy Lifestyle Development of Senior Preschoolers and Primary School Children

The paper studies the criteria, indicators and levels of value-conscious attitude to health as an integral indicator of developing healthy lifestyle of preschool and primary school children. It describes the current state of continuity in the healthy lifestyle education of senior pre-schoolers and primary school children. The author defined pedagogical conditions of continuity in the development of healthy lifestyle of senior pre-schoolers and primary school children, developed and implemented into practice methods to ensure continuity in the healthy lifestyle education in kindergartens and elementary schools, and experimentally tested their efficiency.

PREDICTIVE MODEL OF FORMATION OF VALUABLE ATTITUDE TO THE HEALTH OCCUPATIONS ORIENTATION

The latest changes in all types of production activities have increased the requirements for training. With the advancement of the industrial sphere and society, the load on all functional systems of the body of specialists in all industries increases. An essential condition for the reproduction of such specialists is to introduce them to a healthy lifestyle, to a continuous desire to preserve and strengthen their health. Existing strategies for improving the health of future specialists do not meet the challenges of the time and are usually superficial information and medical in nature. Although here it is necessary to emphasize the initiative in achieving personal success and well-being, to show the attractiveness of a healthy lifestyle and to prescribe the link between the unity of personal and professional with the formation of a future specialist. In this regard, we present a predictive model of education of value attitude to health classes in students. This model has a positive impact on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students.

VALUE ATTITUDE TO HEALTH AS THE BASIS OF AN ACTIVE LIFE POSITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL

The aim: Studying of the aspects that influence the formation of future teachers' values to health as the basis of an active life position of an individual. Materials and methods: To update the didactic aspects of the problem, we used the methods of analysis of normative and scientific sources, system analysis and generalizations, the results of our own empirical studies, materials of the questionnaire, active modeling of students' health value formation. Results: The formation of a value attitude to the problem of health in future teachers is carried out under the following conditions: awareness of the importance of the value of health; changing the attitude of the individual to his/her own health and the health of others; knowledge of the factors influencing health, a conscious desire to lead a healthy lifestyle and make efforts to care for health, the use in the educational process of the operational model of forming students' value attitude to health by mastering the content of the course “Health-saving technologies in education” in order to form the ability of a systematic understanding of health-saving activities. Conclusions: The formation of the value attitude of teachers to the problem of health involves taking into account all components of health and is possible provided within the condition of continuity of educational impact on the individual.