ESTILOS DE VIDA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE UN PROGRAMA ACADÉMICO DE SALUD

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios están en una etapa clave de su vida en la que desarrollan estilos de vida que contribuyen a la adopción de hábitos saludables o factores de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas. Objetivo: Identificar los estilos de vida saludables en los estudiantes de Terapia Respiratoria de una Institución de Educación Superior. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en la que se incluyeron una muestra censal de 179 estudiantes de la Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia, a los que se les aplicó el cuestionario FANTÁSTICO entre marzo-junio de 2020. Los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS versión 25. Resultados: El 92% de los participantes eran de sexo femenino con una edad de 22± 2,9 años, de acuerdo con el cuestionario FANTÁSTICO el 92·% presentaban un estilo de vida adecuado y un 5% tenía un estilo de vida algo bajo. No se evidenciaron diferencias en el puntaje global por sexo (76,1 vs 72,9 p= 0,05) desarrollo o no de práctica clínica formativa (72,9 vs 75,1 p=0,13) y nivel socioeconómico bajo o alto (72,8 vs 75,1 p=0,10) Conclusiones: A pesar de la pandemia de COVID-19, las medidas de aislamiento y los cambios que hubo que superar para adaptarse a esta nueva situación, se evidenció un estilo de vida bajo en un pequeño grupo de participantes. Dado que los estilos de vida que se adquieren en la adolescencia y juventud se mantienen en algunos casos durante la edad adulta, es importante que las universidades continúen promoviendo hábitos saludables que mejoren la calidad de vida de estudiantes. Palabras Clave: Estilo de vida, estudiantes del área de la salud, tabaquismo, bebidas alcohólicas, actividad física, adolescente, conducta sedentaria. ABSTRACT Introduction: University students are in a key stage of their lives in which they develop lifestyles that contribute to the adoption of healthy habits or risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Objective: Identify healthy lifestyles in Respiratory Therapy students of an Institution of Higher Education. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study that included a census sample of 179 students from the Faculty of Health, Santiago de Cali University, Colombia, to whom the FANTASTIC questionnaire was applied between March-June 2020. The data is collected analyzed in the SPSS version 25 program. Results: The 92% of the participants were female with an age of 22 ± 2.9 years, according to the FANTASTIC questionnaire, 92% had an adequate lifestyle and 5% had a somewhat low lifestyle. There were no differences in the global score by sex (76.1 vs 72.9 p=0.05) development or not of formative clinical practice (72.9 vs 75.1 p = 0.13) and low socioeconomic level or high (72.8 vs 75.1 p=0.10). Conclusions: Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the isolation measures and the changes that had to be overcome to adapt to this new situation, there was evidence of a low life in a small group of participants. Given that the lifestyles acquired in adolescence and youth are maintained in some cases during adulthood, it is important that universities continue to promote healthy habits that improve the quality of life of students. Key Words: Lifestyle, health occupations students, smoking, alcoholic beverages, physical activity, adolescent, sedentary behavior.

Fatores associados ao nível de atividade física praticada por estudantes universitários / Factors associated to level of exercise practiced by university students

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores sociodemográficos relacionados com o nível de atividade física (AF) em estudantes universitários da área da saúde. Método: Estudo, descritivo e quantitativo, com estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, ocorrida no segundo semestre de 2016, referentes à identificação sociodemográfica e nível de AF praticada. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 87 estudantes, a maioria com idade inferior a 30 anos, sexo feminino, cor branca, solteiros/divorciados, com renda de até cinco salários mínimos. A autopercepção da saúde foi maior no curso de fonoaudiologia, e a restrição para AF foi maior entre estudantes de medicina. A média de dias/semana foi maior para a caminhada, seguida da atividade moderada e vigorosa em todos os cursos, exceção para o curso de medicina. Conclusão: Os fatores sociodemográficos relacionados ao nível de atividade física praticada pelos estudantes foram o curso e o número de pessoas que vivem da renda familiar. Palavras chave: Exercício físico, Estudantes de ciências da saúde, Promoção da saúdeABSTRACTObjective: Identify the sociodemographic factors related with the level of exercises on health degree college students. Method: Study, descriptive and quantitative, with private university college students, during the second semester of 2016, referring to sociodemographic identification and level of exercise practiced. Results: 87 students participated in the research, mostly under 30 years old, female, white, single/ divorced, income up to five minimum wage (BR). Healthiness self-perception was higher in Speech pathology students, and restriction for exercise was higher on Medicine students. The average of days/week was higher for walking, followed by moderate activity and vigorous exercise on all courses, except by medicine. Conclusion: The sociodemographic factors related to exercise levels practiced by students was degree and number of people who live from the family income.Keywords: Exercise; Students, health occupations; Health promotion

Perception of Students and Faculty Members of the Impact of a Preparatory Year Program on the Students of Health Professions Education Colleges

Objective: The Preparatory Year Program (PYP) is a one-year preparatory program to prepare students for a full multi-year degree curriculum. It offers a bridge between students’ high-school and university-level studies. The study aimed at evaluating the impact of the King Abdulaziz University preparatory year program on students of the health professions education colleges from both students' and faculty viewpoints. Methods: This is a descriptive study that depended on the collection of data from both students and faculty members based on their perceptions. It was conducted during the period from May 2019 to January 2020. Data was collected from students through self-administered questionnaires and from faculty members through structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Around half of the students agreed that the preparatory year made them self-confident and reinforced their discipline (49.2% and 46.9%, respectively). Less than two-thirds agreed that the preparatory year reinforced their sense of responsibility and helped them adapt to the university educational environment (60.6% and 64.3%, respectively). On the other hand, more than half of them (58.5%) disagreed that the preparatory year classes helped them select their majors. Also, more than half of them (57.2%) disagreed that the preparatory year prepared them for their major classes. Conclusion: The impact of the preparatory year on students of the health professions colleges is weak. This is the opinion of both students and faculty members. In-depth studies are needed to further investigate this impact. Keywords: Universities; Health Occupations; Undergraduate; Curriculum; Saudi Arabia.

Professionals and Volunteers: The Importance of Recognising Diversification in the Healthcare Division of Labour

In sociological research on relationships between professionals and volunteers, professionals are often contrasted with volunteers as abstracted, distinct and homogeneous groups. Focusing on healthcare in selected modern societies, and adopting a neo-Weberian and complementary boundary work perspective, this essay argues the landscape is more complex than between paid groups with exclusionary social closure and the unwaged in the market. First, diversification exists within health professions themselves based on social closure, with hierarchies and differential scopes of practice. Second, unpaid volunteers vary in responsibility depending on factors like employment sector and social background, including qualifications and experience. Third, in the paid workforce, there are interstitial non-professionalised health occupations, such as the neglected, lower educated health support workers, forming the largest, most heterogeneous healthcare labour force. Drawing on studies of healthcare, it is argued that recognising the diversification and interplay between professionals, volunteers and support workers is vital for enhancing health policy.

Nomofobia: o telefone celular, o uso do tempo e o desengajamento ocupacional/Nomofobia: cell phone, time use and occupational disengagement

Objetivo: O ensaio fotográfico propõe, a partir do conceito de Nomofobia, refletir sobre o aspecto negativo da tecnologia móvel nas ocupações humanas. Descrição da imagem: É contextualizado brevemente o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de modo geral e suas diferentes consequências para os sujeitos na sociedade. A partir de quatro imagens ilustra-se a des-conexão com o mundo real, a contradição do estar em grupo, mas solitariamente, a dependência e o uso do tempo com a tecnologia móvel. Por fim, aponta-se a necessidade de pesquisas e de intervenções na terapia ocupacional, referindo-se à tecnologia móvel dentro do conceito de engajamento e desengajamento ocupacional. Palavras-chave: Telefone Celular. Ocupações Relacionadas com Saúde. Tempo de Tela. Terapia Ocupacional. AbstractObjective: From a photographic perspective, this essay proposes reflections based on the concept of Nomophobia, considering the negative side of mobile technology in human doings. Picture descripition: The development of technology in general and its different consequences for man in the society is briefly contextualized. Four photos illustrate the dis-connection with the real world, the contradiction of being in a group, but alone, the dependence and use of time with cell phones. Finally, the need for research and interventions in occupational therapy is pointed out, referring to mobile technology within the concept of occupational engagement and disengagement.Keywords: Cell Phone. Allied Health Occupations. Screen Time. Occupational Therapy. ResumenObjetivo: Desde una perspectiva fotográfica, este ensayo propone, desde el concepto de Nomofobia, considerar el lado negativo de la tecnología móvil en las actividades humanas. Descripción de la imagen: El desarrollo de la tecnología en general y sus diferentes consecuencias para el hombre se contextualiza brevemente. Cuatro fotos ilustran la desconexión con el mundo real, la contradicción de estar en un grupo, pero solo, la dependencia y el uso del tiempo con los teléfonos celulares. Finalmente, se señala la necesidad de investigación e intervenciones en terapia ocupacional, refiriéndose a la tecnología móvil dentro del concepto de involucración y desinvolucración ocupacional.Palabras clave: Teléfono Celular. Empleos Relacionados con Salud. Tiempo de Pantalla. Terapia Ocupacional.

Role reconfiguration: what ethnographic studies tell us about the implications of technological change for work and collaboration in healthcare

New technologies including digital health and robotics are driving the evolution of healthcare. At the same time, healthcare systems are transitioning from a multiprofessional model approach of healthcare delivery to an interprofessional model. The concurrence of these two trends may represent an opportunity for leaders in healthcare because both require renegotiation of the complex division of work and enhanced interdependency. This review examines how the introduction of new technologies alters the role boundaries of occupations and interdependencies among health occupations. Based on a scoping review of ethnographic studies of technology implementation in a variety of contexts (from primary care to operating room) and of diverse technologies (from health informatics systems to robotics), we develop the concept of role reconfiguration to capture simultaneous adjustments of multiple, interdependent roles during technological change. Ethnographic and qualitative studies provide rich, detailed accounts of what people actually do and how their work and role is changed (or not) when a new technology arrives. Through a synthesis of these studies, we develop a typology of four types of role reconfiguration: negotiation, clarification, enlargement and restriction. We discuss leadership challenges in managing role reconfiguration and formulate four leadership priorities. We suggest that leaders: redesign roles proactively, paying attention to interdependencies; offer opportunities for collective learning about new technologies; ensure that knowledge of new technologies is distributed across roles and prepare to address resistance.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Occupational Groups from the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia

The negative effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have impacted the world economy due to the absence from work because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in workers, among other reasons. However, some economic areas are essential to society and people must continue working outside the home to support economic reactivation; their serological profile could be different from that of the global population. Cross-sectional study: Workers from health, construction, public transportation, public force, bike delivery messengers, independent or informal commerce areas, and residents of Bucaramanga or its metropolitan area were invited to participate. All participants self-completed a virtual survey and a blood test was taken to assess IgG and IgM with the ARC COV2 test. Seroprevalence was estimated considering a complex survey design, correcting for a finite population effect and adjusting for test performance. A total of 7045 workers were enrolled; 59.9% were women and most were residents of Bucaramanga and working in health occupations. The global adjusted seroprevalence was 19.5% (CI: 95% 18.6–20.4), being higher for Girón (27.9%; 95% CI: 24.5–31.30). Workers with multiple contact with people during working hours or using public transportation to go to work had a higher frequency of seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2. The seroprevalence among workers living in these four municipalities from the Colombian northeast area is still low.

Prevalência da dor em estudantes universitários

Objetivo: revisar estudos sobre a prevalência e os fatores relacionados a dor em estudantes universitários brasileiros.Métodos: revisão sistemática com registro na Prospero (CRD42020204197), de artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, nas bases Pubmed, Ebsco, Lilacs, Medline, Portal da BVS, Google Acadêmico e SciELO. Descritores: “Pain”, “Chronic Pain”, Students”, “Students, Health Occupations” e “Universities”. Incluídos: a) estudos observacionais; b) transversais; c) publicados em periódicos nacionais ou internacionais; d) redigidos em inglês ou português; e) desenvolvidos com acadêmicos, em instituições de ensino superior brasileiras; f) que tenham avaliado a prevalência e fatores relacionados a dor; g) Tais estudos deviam estar disponíveis na íntegra. Não foram realizadas restrições quanto ao período de publicação dos estudos. Excluídos: h) estudos que não relataram a metodologia aplicada para mensuração do desfecho; i) estudos com instrumentos que não avaliaram a dor como desfecho primário, posteriormente apresentando dados insuficientes para análise dos resultados; j) estudos com acadêmicos de outros países; e k) estudos com inconsistência dos dados relacionados a amostra e seus principais resultados. O risco de viés foi avaliado com a escala Downs and Black e a proposta por Hoy.Resultados: as buscas identificaram 67 artigos, contudo, após análise, 10 foram incluídos. Esses eram estudos transversais, publicados entre 2011 e 2019, sendo cinco deles da região Nordeste. A amostra totalizou 3.268 acadêmicos, sendo 68% mulheres. A prevalência da dor variou entre 14,4% e 98% e a dor crônica entre 11,5% e 59,7%. A maior percepção da dor autorrelatada foi de 4,12 ± 2,15. As principais queixas álgicas foram nas regiões de lombar e de membros superiores. Na análise metodológica, os estudos possuem moderado a alto risco de viés.Conclusões: por fim, as evidências indicam uma alta prevalência de dor, bem como sua cronificação em universitários. Contudo, estudos com adequado rigor metodológico ainda são necessários para a confirmação dos resultados apresentados.

The Allied Health Professions

Drawing on case studies from optometrists, physiotherapists, pedorthists and allied health assistants, this book offers an innovative comparison of allied health occupations in Australia and Britain. Adopting a theory of the sociology of health professions, it explores how the allied health professions can achieve their professional goals.

PREDICTIVE MODEL OF FORMATION OF VALUABLE ATTITUDE TO THE HEALTH OCCUPATIONS ORIENTATION

The latest changes in all types of production activities have increased the requirements for training. With the advancement of the industrial sphere and society, the load on all functional systems of the body of specialists in all industries increases. An essential condition for the reproduction of such specialists is to introduce them to a healthy lifestyle, to a continuous desire to preserve and strengthen their health. Existing strategies for improving the health of future specialists do not meet the challenges of the time and are usually superficial information and medical in nature. Although here it is necessary to emphasize the initiative in achieving personal success and well-being, to show the attractiveness of a healthy lifestyle and to prescribe the link between the unity of personal and professional with the formation of a future specialist. In this regard, we present a predictive model of education of value attitude to health classes in students. This model has a positive impact on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students.