Impact of Peels Extracts from an Italian Ancient Tomato Variety Grown under Drought Stress Conditions on Vascular Related Dysfunction

Background: Tomato by-products contain a great variety of biologically active substances and represent a significant source of natural antioxidant supplements of the human diet. The aim of the work was to compare the antioxidant properties of a by-product from an ancient Tuscan tomato variety, Rosso di Pitigliano (RED), obtained by growing plants in normal conditions (-Ctr) or in drought stress conditions (-Ds) for their beneficial effects on vascular related dysfunction. Methods: The antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content (TPC) were measured. The identification of bioactive compounds of tomato peel was performed by HPLC. HUVEC were pre-treated with different TPC of RED-Ctr or RED-Ds, then stressed with H2O2. Cell viability, ROS production and CAT, SOD and GPx activities were evaluated. Permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED across excised rat intestine was also studied. Results: RED-Ds tomato peel extract possessed higher TPC than compared to RED-Ctr (361.32 ± 7.204 mg vs. 152.46 ± 1.568 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight). All extracts were non-cytotoxic. Two hour pre-treatment with 5 µg GAE/mL from RED-Ctr or RED-Ds showed protection from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and significantly reduced ROS production raising SOD and CAT activity (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.005 vs. H2O2, respectively). The permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED-Ctr or RED-Ds across excised rat intestine was high with non-significant difference between the two RED types (41.9 ± 9.6% vs. 26.6 ± 7.8%). Conclusions: RED-Ds tomato peel extract represents a good source of bioactive molecules, which protects HUVECs from oxidative stress at low concentration.

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Oxidative Stress and Marine Carotenoids: Application by Using Nanoformulations

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18080423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 423 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yasin Genç ◽

Hilal Bardakci ◽

Çiğdem Yücel ◽

Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak ◽

Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Photosynthetic Organisms ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Cancer Types

Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments synthesized by plants, algae, fungi and microorganisms. They are responsible for the coloration of different photosynthetic organisms. Although they play a role in photosynthesis, they are also present in non-photosynthetic plant tissues, fungi, and bacteria. These metabolites have mainly been used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to their utilization as pigmentation, they have significant therapeutically applications, such as improving immune system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Primarily, they have attracted attention due to their antioxidant activity. Several statistical investigations indicated an association between the use of carotenoids in diets and a decreased incidence of cancer types, suggesting the antioxidant properties of these compounds as an important factor in the scope of the studies against oxidative stress. Unusual marine environments are associated with a great chemical diversity, resulting in novel bioactive molecules. Thus, marine organisms may represent an important source of novel biologically active substances for the development of therapeutics. Marine carotenoids (astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein but also the rare siphonaxanthin, sioxanthin, and myxol) have recently shown antioxidant properties in reducing oxidative stress markers. Numerous of bioactive compounds such as marine carotenoids have low stability, are poorly absorbed, and own very limited bioavailability. The new technique is nanoencapsulation, which can be used to preserve marine carotenoids and their original properties during processing, storage, improve their physiochemical properties and increase their health-promoting effects. This review aims to describe the role of marine carotenoids, their potential applications and different types of advanced nanoformulations preventing and treating oxidative stress related disorders.

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Phenological, Physiological and yield markers as efficient tools to identify drought tolerant rice genotypes in Eastern India

10.1101/2020.05.29.122929 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽

Goutam Kumar Dash ◽

Arti Guhey ◽

Mirza Jaynul Baig ◽

Madhusmita Barik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Eastern India ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTRice production is severely threatened by drought stress in Eastern India. To develop drought tolerant varieties, selection of donors for breeding programme is crucial. Twenty one selected rice genotypes including both tolerant and sensitive to drought were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in dry seasons of two successive years of 2017 and 2018. Leaf water potential, relative water content displayed significant difference among the genotypes during vegetative screening. At reproductive stage drought screening, days to 50% flowering was delayed in all genotypes except N22 and Anjali (showed early flowering) however grain yield and other yield related traits decreased significantly compared to well watered condition. Correlation analysis of phenological and yield related traits with grain yield revealed that tiller numbers and panicle numbers are highly correlated with grain yield both under well-watered and water stress conditions and contributes maximum towards grain yield. The dendrogram grouped Mahamaya, Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, IBD 1, Hazaridhan, Samleshwari and Danteshwari into one cluster which performed better under water stress conditions and had grain yield more than 1.69 tha−1. Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, Vandana, and N22 displayed tolerance to drought both under vegetative and reproductive conditions which could be a good selection for the breeders to develop drought tolerant rice cultivars for eastern region of India.

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Foliar application of melatonin induces tolerance to drought stress in Moldavian balm plants (Dracocephalum moldavica) through regulating the antioxidant system

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2018-0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 155-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rozita Kabiri ◽

Ali Hatami ◽

Hakimeh Oloumi ◽

Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽

Fatemeh Nasibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Surface Area

Abstract Melatonin, as an indoleamine molecule, regulates a wide range of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis and response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, the effect of exogenous application of melatonin (0 (distilled water), 50, 100 and 150 µM) to the leaves of Moldavian balm plants grown under different levels of drought stress (100% (control), 80%, 60% and 40% of field water capacity) was investigated. The results indicate that plants which were treated with 100 µM melatonin showed the greatest leaf surface area, lateral branching, flower length and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase). Foliar application of 100 µM melatonin had no significant difference in catalase activity in comparison with the control and other concentrations of melatonin under normal, moderate and severe drought stress conditions. The lowest H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation (electrolyte leakage, concentrations of malondialdehyde and other aldehydes) were obtained at the concentration of 100 µM melatonin under severe drought stress. This concentration also significantly increased the chlorophyll content and enhanced the relative water content; however, foliar application of 100 µM melatonin had no significant effect on leaf length and proline content compared with the control under normal and stress conditions. The obtained results suggested that foliar application of 100 µM melatonin was more effective than the concentrations of 50 and 150 µM melatonin in reducing the adverse effects of moderate and severe drought stress.

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Priming improves germination and seed reserve utilization, growth, antioxidant responses and membrane stability at early seedling stage of Saudi sorghum varieties under drought stress

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48211841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 938-953

Author(s):

Taieb TOUNEKTI ◽

Mosbah MAHDHI ◽

Zarraq AL-FAIFI ◽

Habib KHEMIRA

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Stability Index ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Early Seedling

Seeds of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) varieties from Southwest Saudi Arabia were used to investigate the potential of osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) to improve germination performance, seed reserve utilization and early seedling growth and drought stress tolerance. The primed (PS) and unprimed (UPS) seeds of the three sorghum varieties were germinated for 8 days under increasing PEG-induced osmotic stress. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement, with three sorghum cultivars (‘Zaydia’, ‘Shahbi’ and ‘Ahmar’) and four osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.4; -0.8 and -1.2 MPa) with four replicates of 50 seeds each. The results showed that drought stress affected seed germination and seedling emergence and establishment, but increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). The strongest inhibition of germination and growth occurred at the highest PEG concentration and a significant difference was noticeable between the studied varieties. We confirmed also that seed osmopriming improved seed germination performance, seedling growth and enhanced the CAT activities while reduced malonyldialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and electrolyte leakage (EL) in the drought-stressed seedlings. Seed priming have enhanced also the α-amylase and total proteases activities in all varieties. The largest increase of these hydrolysing enzymes was shown in ‘Ahmar’. Furthermore, the PEG priming lead to improvement of the weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve (WUSR), seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP) and total seedling dry weight (SLDW) of sorghum seedlings under water stress conditions. Still, the highest values or all three parameters were found in the ‘Ahmar’ variety. Under increasing drought stress conditions, ‘Ahmar’ showed the highest yield stability index (YSI) and the least EL and MDA contents in comparison to the other two varieties during the seedling establishment stage. Therefore, the former variety can tolerate better a rigorous water stress condition. ‘Zaydia’ appears to be the most vulnerable to drought stress. Thus, the use of species or varieties with eminent seed metabolic quality is an advantageous trait in drought-prone regions.

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Design and synthesis of some biologically interesting natural and unnatural products based on organosulfur and selenium chemistry

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v09-133 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87 (12) ◽

pp. 1657-1674 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Thomas G. Back

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Substituent Effects ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Conjugate Additions ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Rate Determining Step ◽

Ruta Chalepensis ◽

Pumiliotoxin C ◽

Acetylenic Sulfones

Organosulfur and selenium chemistry has provided fertile ground for the discovery of novel synthetic methodology and for the design of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic applications. Thus, acetylenic sulfones have been employed in novel strategies for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, including several biologically active alkaloids. The conjugate addition of nitrogen nucleophiles containing ester or chloroalkyl substituents to acetylenic sulfones was followed by base-mediated intramolecular alkylation or acylation to afford variously substituted piperidines, pyrrolizidines, indolizidines, quinolizidines, decahydroquinolines, and 4-quinolones. The products include the dendrobatid alkaloids (–)-pumiliotoxin C, indolizidines (–)-167B, 207A, 209B, and 209D, as well as (–)-(ent)-julifloridine, (–)-lasubine II, myrtine, and two recently discovered alkaloids from the medicinal plant Ruta chalepensis , which had not been previously synthesized. Acetylenic sulfones were also incorporated on solid supports and employed in the types of cyclizations mentioned above, as well as for Diels–Alder reactions and a large variety of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Conjugate additions of tertiary cyclic α-vinyl amines to acetylenic sulfones generated zwitterions that underwent exceptionally facile formal aza-Cope rearrangements to afford ring-expanded macrocyclic amines. An iterative version was developed and used in the synthesis of motuporamine A and B. With respect to organoselenium chemistry, two classes of compounds are described that function as novel mimetics of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which protects cells from oxidative stress caused by the formation of peroxides during aerobic metabolism. They include cyclic seleninates and spirodioxyselenuranes, both of which efficiently catalyze the reduction of peroxides with thiols and are of potential value in the mitigation of oxidative stress. Their aromatic derivatives are generally less effective catalysts, but substituent effects can be used to modulate their activities. The mechanism of their catalytic cycles has been elucidated and Hammett plots indicate that the oxidation of Se(II) to Se(IV) is the rate-determining step for both classes. A methoxy-substituted aromatic spirodioxyselenurane provided the fastest rate for a small-molecule selenium compound that we have observed to date for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with benzyl thiol.

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Identification of proteins in sensitive and tolerant lines of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under water deficit

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.1498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Babak MAGHSOUDI DAMAVANDI ◽

Shahram LAK ◽

Mehdi GHAFFARI ◽

Mojtaba ALAVIFAZEL ◽

Tayeb SAKINEJHAD

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Block Design ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tolerant Line ◽

Sensitive Line ◽

Agricultural Yields

<p>The importance of examining environmental stresses and their role in predicting and evaluating the growth and yield of crops is very evident. Environmental stresses are the most important factor in reducing agricultural yields worldwide. In order to evaluate the environmental impact of water loss on the amount of proteins affected in sunflower, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Karaj Oil Seeds Research Institute. In order to study the response of susceptible line (BGK221) and tolerant line (RGK46) under drought stress conditions, extraction of protein by acetone deposition method was performed in 8 leaves and of 3 seedlings in each replication. The amount of extracted protein was determined by Bradford method using two-dimensional electrophoresis and existence of significant difference between the bands in sensitive and tolerant lines was investigated. A total of 467 repeatable bands were found in the tolerant line and 417 repeatable bands appeared in the sensitive line. Among these proteins, 6 bands in tolerant line (No 503, 1901, 904, 3301, 7011, 9005) and 6 bands in sensitive line (No 704, 811, 3205, 4108, 7307, and 9207) were significantly affected by drought stress. In both sensitive and tolerate lines the main consequence is increase in amount of protein. The results showed that the most important factor of tolerant line adaptive for environmental stress conditions is maintaining normal cell metabolism, keeping moisture in the cell, strengthening cellular structure and antioxidant defense. The study also showed that drought stress had the greatest effect on cytoplasmic and nucleus proteins, metabolism and energy of proteins</p>

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Plant-Derived Bioactives and Oxidative Stress-Related Disorders: A Key Trend towards Healthy Aging and Longevity Promotion

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10030947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 947 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bahare Salehi ◽

Elena Azzini ◽

Paolo Zucca ◽

Elena Maria Varoni ◽

Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Human Beings ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Age Related ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Plants and their corresponding botanical preparations have been used for centuries due to their remarkable potential in both the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress-related disorders. Aging and aging-related diseases, like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, which have increased exponentially, are intrinsically related with redox imbalance and oxidative stress. Hundreds of biologically active constituents are present in each whole plant matrix, providing promissory bioactive effects for human beings. Indeed, the worldwide population has devoted increased attention and preference for the use of medicinal plants for healthy aging and longevity promotion. In fact, plant-derived bioactives present a broad spectrum of biological effects, and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, more recently, anti-aging effects, are considered to be a hot topic among the medical and scientific communities. Nonetheless, despite the numerous biological effects, it should not be forgotten that some bioactive molecules are prone to oxidation and can even exert pro-oxidant effects. In this sense, the objective of the present review is to provide a detailed overview of plant-derived bioactives in age-related disorders. Specifically, the role of phytochemicals as antioxidants and pro-oxidant agents is carefully addressed, as is their therapeutic relevance in longevity, aging-related disorders, and healthy-aging promotion. Finally, an eye-opening look into the overall evidence of plant compounds related to longevity is presented.

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Grain yield and drought tolerance indices of maize hybrids

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb12210683 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 376-386

Author(s):

Dorina BONEA

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tolerance Indices

Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors limiting crops production in Oltenia area, Romania. In order to study the response of six maize hybrids to drought stress, the trials were conducted in research field of ARDS Simnic – Craiova, during 2017-2018 (non-stressed conditions) and 2018-2019 (drought stress). Six tolerance indices including: abiotic tolerance index (ATI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), Stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), relative drought index (RDI) and golden mean (GM), were utilized on the basis of grain yield. Results from analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in 1% of probability level among hybrids in terms of grain yield and tolerance indices. The yield in non-stress conditions (Yp) showed significant positive correlations with ATI, SSPI, STI and MP, and negative correlation with RDI and GM. The yield in drought conditions (Ys) showed significant positive correlation with RDI and GM, and negative correlation with ATI and SSPI. None of the tolerance indices used could identify the high yielding hybrids under drought and non-stress conditions. Based on the ranking method, the hybrids ‘Felix’ and ‘P 9903’ were the most droughts tolerant. Therefore, they hybrids are recommended to be grown under drought prone areas and to be used as parents for breeding of drought tolerance in other cultivars.

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Influence of Peripheral Transluminal Angioplasty Alongside Exercise Training on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10245851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 5851

Author(s):

Franziska Koppe-Schmeißer ◽

Melanie Schwaderlapp ◽

Julian Schmeißer ◽

Jörn F. Dopheide ◽

Thomas Münzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Intermittent Claudication ◽

Endovascular Therapy ◽

Transluminal Angioplasty ◽

Control Group ◽

Relative Reduction ◽

Ros Production ◽

Significant Difference

In patients with intermittent claudication, exercise training ameliorates inflammation by reducing oxidative stress. A total of 41 patients with intermittent claudication (Rutherford 3) were included in the study (with 21 patients treated by endovascular revascularization (ER), and 20 patients without ER). All patients were referred to home-based exercise training. Absolute and initial claudication distance (ACD, ICD) and ABI (ankle–brachial index) were measured. ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation was measured using the luminol analogue L-012. Follow-up was performed after 3 months. ROS production after NOX2 (NAPDH oxidase 2) stimulation showed a significant reduction in both groups at follow-up (PTA group: p = 0.002, control group: p = 0.019), with a higher relative reduction in ROS in the PTA group than in the control group (p = 0.014). ABI measurements showed a significant increase in the PTA (peripheral transluminal angioplasty) group (p = 0.001), but not in the control group (p = 0.127). Comparing both groups at follow-up, ABI was higher in the PTA group (p = 0.047). Both groups showed a significant increas ACD and ICD at follow-up (PTA group: ACD: p = 0.001, ICD: p < 0.0001; control group: ACD: p = 0.041, ICD: p = 0.002). There was no significant difference between both groups at follow-up (ACD: p = 0.421, ICD: p = 0.839). Endovascular therapy in combination with exercise training leads to a lower leukocyte activation state with a reduced NOX2-derived ROS production paralleled by an improved ABI, ACD and ICD. Our data support the strategy to combine exercise training with preceding endovascular therapy.

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