scholarly journals Coolant Quality Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Kushal Prashant Pednekar
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ir Sensor ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Color

Abstract: The cooling system is one of the important things but also the most ignored thing when it comes to maintenances. Very few people are known about how to keep the maintain the coolant properly or when to replace the coolant. As distilled water is not readily available everywhere people usually top up their coolant with tap water which will cause deposition of mineral which may damage the radiator. These minerals are responsible for the rusting of internal components of the engine. A survey shows that majority of the people don’t check their coolant. Therefore, we intend to make a system that will display the condition of the coolant. The system will be IR based which will indicate the condition of the coolant based of its color. A different threshold is set for a different color. Some of the previous research use electrodes to check the condition of the coolant but it could only detect the rusty coolant, not the degraded one. The degraded coolant will not absorb as much heat as the new coolant. The aim was to create an in-expensive system which has an easy construction and also use readily available components. The system that we are using indicates according to the color of coolant which more accurate. Keywords: Coolant, ATmega328p, IR sensor, vehicle electronics, cooling system

Relationship between availability of basic amenities and proportion of Slum population in Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1354
Author(s):  
Dr. Sakreen Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Class I ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
The People ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Slum Population

The urban centers offering diverse employment opportunities and means of livelihood are the main centers of attraction for migration. But the availability of infrastructure is low to accommodate the invariably growing population. The access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, wastewater outlet and clean fuel are critical determinants of quality of urbanization. And if it lacks, then it would facilitates the growth of slum.  In this paper it being tried to capture the interdependent relationship between basic amenities and slum population residing in the class I towns in Maharashtra; largest slum populated state of India. As the slum is all about the situation or condition in which the people of medium and lower strata are living. A detailed analysis of proportion of slum population and availability of amenities which includes good housing condition, treated tap water as the source of drinking water, electricity as the source of lightning, households having latrine and bathing facility within the premises, waste water outlet connected to closed drainage, and households availing the banking facilities. This may be a limitation of the study that only these indicators have been taken to assess the availability of amenities and to calculate the amenity index of class I towns of the state of Maharashtra. To achieve the sustainable development goal (Sustainable cities and communities), we have to control the growth of slum population and to combat the formation of slum; we have to analyze the situation of basic infrastructure provided in urban centers. Amenities and slum population has policy implications as to reduce the slum population, provide basic amenities to the households which will improve their standard of living and ultimately lead to reduction in growth of slum and check the future slum formation.

A Novel Electronics Cooling System Using Water Heat Pipes Under Freezing Conditions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Suzuki ◽  
Atsuo Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
System Model ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Metal Block

A novel electronics cooling system that uses water heat pipes under an ambient temperature range from −30°C to 40°C has been developed. The system consists of several water heat pipes, air-cooled fins, and a metal block. The heat pipes are separated into two groups according to the thermal resistance of their fins. One set of heat pipes, which have fins with higher thermal resistance, operates under an ambient temperature range from −30°C to 40°C. The other set, which have lower resistance, operates from 0°C to 40°C. A prediction model based on the frozen-startup limitation of a single heat pipe was first devised and experimentally verified. Then, a prediction model for the whole-system was formulated according to the former model. The whole-system model was used to design a prototype cooling system, and it was confirmed that the prototype has a suitable cooling performance for an environmentally friendly electronics cooling system.

scholarly journals The Comparative Effect of Hydro Alcoholic and Hydro Distillation Extracts of Melissa officinalis on Acne and Pimple

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giti Sabet Teymouri ◽  
Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
The People

One of the famous plants in family Lamiaceae isMelissa officinaliswhich is one of the important herbs for health and Medicine. Melisa contains Rosmarinic acid, flavonoids and phenolic. These components have tightening and rejuvenation effect on skin. Also, it has monoterpenes and di-terpenes which are antibacterial. Essential oil of Melisa forms a good complex with sebum, so it can decrease inflammation and acne pain 30 gr of dry leaves and stems of Melisa in 500 ml of distilled water were used for hydro-distillation. For hydro alcoholic extract, we used 150 gr of dry matter (leaves and stems) in 500 ml of ethyl alcohol at 25 °C for 10 days. Then, the alcoholic extract was diluted 5 times with water 20 persons were under experiment for 3 months. Extracts were sprayed on skin 3-5 times a day. The results showed that all the people treated got the best result of this treatment. After the application of the water extract of Melissa, we observed 75% of clients improved the skin pore, 65% of clients improved neurological problems and Acne infections and 92% recovery of hyper secretion of Sebaceous glands. We observed the same results with Hydro Alcoholic extracts. 75% recovery of clients with improved skin pore, 95% of clients with improved neurological problems and Acne infections and 90% recovery of hyper secretion of Sebaceous glands. The results showed that Melisa extract has value of applying on some skin problems.

Influence of Learning on Taste Preferences

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thomas Young
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Distilled Water

Further discussion of the Schnorr and Brookshire study of the preference between distilled water and tap water, with comments and suggestions.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Lime-Softening Sludge Used as Landfill Liners

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dąbska
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Landfill Liners ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Lime Softening ◽  
Approximate Polynomial ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfills

AbstractThe research goal was to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of compacted lime-softening sludge as a material to be applied to landfill liners. In doing so, the effect of compaction and moulding moisture content on the sludge hydraulic conductivity was assessed. An approximate polynomial k10mean at hydraulic gradients ≥30 for degree of compaction (0.95–1.05) and moulding moisture content (28%–36%) was determined. The results of short-term tap water permeation tests revealed that all hydraulic conductivity values were less than 2.5•10–8 m/s. A lowest hydraulic conductivity of 6.5•10–9 m/s, as well as a corresponding moisture content of 31% were then established. The long-term hydraulic conductivity was measured with tap water, distilled water, NaOH and HCl solutions and municipal waste leachate. The factors of permeating liquids and permeation time significantly affected the initial hydraulic conductivity. The long-term hydraulic conductivity increased for NaOH and HCl solutions and decreased for tap and distilled water. A significant reduction of hydraulic conductivity was observed for leachate permeation. The investigated material met the requirements for the liner systems of inert landfill sites regardless of pH and the limit value for hazardous and non-hazardous waste landfills.

Evaluation of Millipore Cartridge-type Water Treatment Systems for Microbiological Applications

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 654-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA L. GREEN ◽  
WARREN LITSKY
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Q System

Two different cartridge-type water treatment systems were evaluated for use in the microbiology laboratory, employing the Distilled Water Suitability Test (DWST). The Milli-Q system fed by distilled water and the Milli-R/Q system fed by tap water both produced water acceptable for microbiological use as measured by the DWST. Concentrations of ionic species (as measured by conductivity) in Milli-Q and Milli-R/Q products were significantly lower than in the double distilled control water.

Changes in specific airway resistance during prolonged breathing of moist air

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Norris Melville ◽  
W. T. Josenhans ◽  
W. T. Ulmer
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Specific Airway Resistance ◽  
Water Elimination

Effects of increased water content of inspired air at 21–38 °C on specific airway resistance (sRaw) in 107 healthy subjects were measured with a body plethysmograph. Mean sRaw increased insignificantly at 23 °C with 92% relative humidity (water content, 20.7 g∙m−3) for up to 71 h but became significant at 6 h with water content 25 g∙m−3. Increases were greater when evaporated tap water was inhaled than when distilled water was used. It is postulated that the increase in sRaw is due to mucosal swelling and to contaminants in tap water. A theory of respiratory "water elimination" is proposed to replace the concept of respiratory water loss.

Modeling Size Effects of a Portable Two-Phase Electronics Cooling Loop With Different Refrigerants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Saenen ◽  
Martine Baelmans
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
System Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Microchannel Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loop

A one dimensional dynamic system model is developed to accurately simulate a two-phase microchannel electronics cooling loop. This model is based on the single component mixture equations for mass, momentum and energy. These equations are solved numerically using a finite volume method in conjunction with the SIMPLE algorithm. To calculate the pressure losses and heat transfer state of the art empirical correlations are used. Furthermore size effects of a typical microchannel cooling system are investigated with the new model. Special attention is given to the accumulator size and its limitations for portable applications. A simple model to investigate the accumulator size effect on the loop is developed and compared to numerical results obtained from the system model. The influence of various loop parameters and possible improvements are also investigated. Finally the effect of using different coolants is studied.

Experimental Validation and Design Simulations of a Passive Two-Phase Cooling System for Datacenters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson B. Marcinichen ◽  
John R. Thome ◽  
Raffaele L. Amalfi ◽  
Filippo Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Challenge

Abstract Thermosyphon cooling systems represent the future of datacenter cooling, and electronics cooling in general, as they provide high thermal performance, reliability and energy efficiency, as well as capture the heat at high temperatures suitable for many heat reuse applications. On the other hand, the design of passive two-phase thermosyphons is extremely challenging because of the complex physics involved in the boiling and condensation processes; in particular, the most important challenge is to accurately predict the flow rate in the thermosyphon and thus the thermal performance. This paper presents an experimental validation to assess the predictive capabilities of JJ Cooling Innovation’s thermosyphon simulator against one independent data set that includes a wide range of operating conditions and system sizes, i.e. thermosyphon data for server-level cooling gathered at Nokia Bell Labs. Comparison between test data and simulated results show good agreement, confirming that the simulator accurately predicts heat transfer performance and pressure drops in each individual component of a thermosyphon cooling system (cold plate, riser, evaporator, downcomer (with no fitting parameters), and eventually a liquid accumulator) coupled with operational characteristics and flow regimes. In addition, the simulator is able to design a single loop thermosyphon (e.g. for cooling a single server’s processor), as shown in this study, but also able to model more complex cooling architectures, where many thermosyphons at server-level and rack-level have to operate in parallel (e.g. for cooling an entire server rack). This task will be performed as future work.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document