The Coordination of the Activities of the Law Enforcement Agencies for the Prevention and Detection of Crimes Committed by Minors

Introduction: the crime rate of the minor category of the population is currently not decreasing, as evidenced by the statistical data indicated in the paper. The increase in the level of its public danger exacerbates the criminal situation in the Russian Federation, including the Volgograd region. To combat this destructive phenomenon, it is necessary to consolidate the efforts of all the law enforcement agencies by coordinating their activities. In this regard, the development and introduction of effective prevention measures among minors are relevant. The purpose of the paper: to identify the promising areas for improving the efficiency of the law enforcement management. Objectives: to describe the concept of “coordination”, the essence and content of the coordination activities of the law enforcement agencies to combat juvenile delinquency; to analyze the legislative framework for the coordination of the law enforcement agencies to combat juvenile delinquency and to identify practical problems in its implementation; to propose the main directions for improving the regulatory and legal support of the coordination activities of the law enforcement agencies. Methods: the authors used the general scientific, systemic, and institutional research methods, as well as the methods of legal statistics, which made it possible to solve the tasks set for the research team. Results: the problems in the youth environment are characterized, the promising areas of prevention of juvenile delinquency are identified, and the results of the fight against youth crime in the city of Volgograd, the Volgograd Region and the country as a whole are shown using the methods of legal statistics. Conclusions: in order to improve the coordination of the law enforcement system for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, the authors of the paper suggest that, on a coordinated basis, with the participation of prevention subjects, they seek the solutions to the problems of youth employment, organize events together with the operational units in order to identify criminal groups, separate these groups; regularly conduct preventive work with their relatives.

COURSE IN LEGAL STATISTICS AS A MEANS TO PREPARE RF INTERIOR MINISTRY UNIVERSITY GRADUATES FOR USE OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN INFORMATION ANALYSIS

Statement of the problem. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that at present the activities of law enforcement agencies are based on the introduction of a unified system of information and analytical support of the RF Interior Ministry. The effective use of digital technologies depends on the quality of training of legal professionals, in terms of development of their basic knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of computational and analytical activities as the basis for professional thinking development. The purpose of the article is to justify the need to include the basics of the general theory of statistics, probability theory and mathematical statistics in the course of Legal Statistics as a basis and tool for analyzing socio-economic phenomena closely related to the activities of anti-crime law enforcement agencies following the historical and pedagogical analysis of applying statistics in jurisprudence. The research methodology consists of the analysis and synthesis of regulatory documents in the field of higher education (including educational standards of different generations in the areas of legal training implemented in the RF Interior Ministry universities), the history of teaching the course in Legal Statistics, as well as scientific and pedagogical literature. Research results. The study shows that the content of the course in Legal Statistics for students in legal specialization should include not only branch norms, but also the basics of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics. The fundamental nature of mathematical training helps to develop the basic grounds of professional thinking among specialists of the Russian law enforcement system. Conclusions. The study methodology made it possible to clarify the need for teaching mathematical fundamentals (including the elements of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics) while teaching Legal Statistics. This contributes to a higher level of professional competence among RF Interior Ministry graduates of higher educational institutions, their readiness to apply mathematical calculations in analytical activities.

ANTI-CORRUPTION MEASURES: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

В статье раскрывается сущность феномена коррупции как социально-парового феномена. Приводится анализ данных правовой статистики по преступлениям коррупционной направленности. The essence of the phenomenon of corruption as a socio-steam phenomenon is described in the article. The analysis of legal statistics on corruption-related crimes is presented.

«ELECTRONIC» SUPERVISION OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE

В статье рассматривается деятельность прокуроров в рамках надзора в сфере правовой статистики, в том числе за достоверностью отражения в документах первичного учета сведений о характеристике преступлений, данных о лицах, совершивших преступления, органами, осуществляющими оперативно-розыскную деятельность и предварительное расследование. Раскрываются проблемы достоверного отражения субъектами учета преступлений, сведений о характеристиках преступлений и о лицах, привлеченных к уголовной ответственности. The article examines the activities of prosecutors in the framework of supervision in the field of legal statistics, including the reliability of the reflection in the documents of primary accounting of information about the characteristics of crimes, data on the persons who committed crimes, by the bodies carrying out operational-search activities and preliminary investigation. The article reveals the problems of accurate reflection by the subjects of registration of crimes, information about the characteristics of crimes and the persons brought to criminal responsibility.

Litigious Bukovina: Eugen Ehrlich’s ›Living Law‹ and the Use of Civil Justice in the Late Habsburg Monarchy

In this paper, Eugen Ehrlich’s notion of living law is presented as a concept of multi-normativity. The culturally pluralist character of his home province, Bukovina, led Ehrlich – rightly considered a pioneer not only of the sociology of law, but also of legal pluralism and qualitative social research – to empirically explore the legal customs of its different ethnic groups as actually practised. As Ehrlich stressed the role of private societal legal transactions, his place of activity became a metaphor for a law beyond the state. However, the textbook narrative that Austrian state law has been ›dead‹ in the easternmost crown land of the Habsburg Empire does not stand up to closer scrutiny. In fact, as shown by an analysis of the monarchy’s legal statistics (that are hitherto practically unused for historical or sociological studies) and contemporary media accounts, the Bukovina witnessed an extraordinarily high litigation rate. Apart from precarious economic conditions, this was most likely an unintended consequence of civil procedural reforms. Given the Bukovina’s figurative meaning in current socio-legal discourses on law and globalisation, a proper understanding of this demand for state justice, as well as its coexistence with multiple societal normativities, is not only of historical interest.

Crime indicators in the Russian Federation in statistical data of international organizations

Статья посвящена изучению вопроса отображения показателей преступности Российской Федерации в международных организациях. В ней подробно рассматривается получение официальной статистической информации на примере показателя преднамеренного убийства, показан порядок построения международных рейтингов стран мира. Изучается порядок формирования и представления показателей уголовно-правовой статистики правоохранительных органов Российской Федерации на Портале правовой статистики Генеральной прокуратуры Российской Федерации. Рассматривается вопрос расхождения показателей правовой статистики, представляемых на официальных сайтах Российской Федерации и международных организаций. Предлагается решение проблемы подсчета количества совершенных преступлений в Российской Федерации статистическими органами международных организаций и зарубежных стран. Article covers the inquiry of the reflection of crime rates of Russian Federation in international organizations. The article discusses in detail the receipt of official statistical information through the example of intentional homicide rate, as well as shows the procedure of constructing of international ratings. The article analyses the procedure for organizing and presenting the indicators of criminal law statistics of the Russian Federation law enforcement agencies which is applied on the Portal of legal statistics of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation. The article also considers the issue of discrepancies between legal statistics presented on the official websites of the Russian Federation and international organizations. Finally, the author proposes a solution to the problem of calculating the number of crimes committed in the Russian Federation by statistical agencies of international organizations and foreign countries.

The Features of Extremism Prevention Among Young People

Introduction: the development of the market economy at the present stage of the Russian state has directly affected the criminological situation among young people. The extent of crime among this category of population is currently almost unchanged. The increase in the level of its public danger and the manifestation of new forms of criminal behavior of extremist orientation sharply exacerbate the criminal situation in the regions, including the Volgograd region. In this regard, the urgency of effective measures to prevent this negative phenomenon is increasing. The purpose of the paper: to characterize the current state of prevention of extremism among young people. Tasks: to assess the prevention of extremism among young people; to identify promising areas of systemic interaction between the main subjects of prevention of juvenile and youth extremism; to offer recommendations on the need to introduce organizational and socio-psychological directions of countering extremist influences on the young person into the academic and educational processes. Methods: the authors used the general scientific, systemic, and institutional research methods, as well as the methods of legal statistics, which allowed them to solve the tasks set by the research team. Results: the problems of extremism among young people are characterized, the promising directions of its prevention are identified, and the results of the fight against youth extremism in Volgograd are shown using the methods of legal statistics. Conclusions: in order to improve the efficiency of the prevention of youth extremism within the territory of Volgograd and the region the authors suggest in a coordinated manner with the participation of all actors of prevention to solve the employment problem of young people sentenced to penalties not involving incarceration; to systematically organize events in conjunction with the operational units, to identify and separate criminal gangs, involving the youth in their illegal activities; to regularly conduct preventive work with the parents and legal representatives of adolescents, especially those who are in a difficult life situation.

The Methodology of Assessing the Criminogenity of Administrative Territorial Units

The authors study the issues of applying mathematical methods to the assessment of the criminogenic levels in administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Kazakhstan. They have analyzed a considerable volume of statistical information for the past 20 years and, as a result, have identified the highest and the lowest number of registered crimes. Several indices were used to develop an index of criminogenity (ranging) of regions: crime level, graveness of crimes, size of population in a certain area. They recommend to define the public danger of crimes as a numerical value expressed in abstract units - points - based on the average sanctions, an average punishment imposed by a court and an average rating assigned by experts (researchers, practical specialists). The authors have studied modern Kazakh and foreign publications on the use of mathematical methods in criminology. The results of assessment according to three methods of ranging - legislative (legal), court, and expert - are presented in the tables. There is a correlation between legislative (legal) and court assessments. Calculations were used to determine the criminal status of some territorial units, which makes it possible to compare the number of crimes and the degree of their public danger for the population in the over-16 age group. In order to analyze the administrative-territorial units of the same type, the cities have been grouped according to the size of population. The presented methodology is reflected in the spectral scale on the «Map of Criminal Infringements» of the Committee for Legal Statistics and Special Records of the Prosecutor Generals Office for the Republic of Kazakhstan; it takes into account the distribution of cities into four groups which, in the end, will make it possible to obtain a maximally objective assessment of the criminal situation and to take preventive measures.

Dynamics of crimes committed in 1960–2018 per 10,000 population

Regardless of the type of state, crime was, is, and will be. Crime is generally explored by analyzing the number of crimes and the number of convicts. In general, the criminal situation in Ukraine in the period 1960-2018 is characterized by a stable tendency to increase the number of reported crimes. However, this trend was not uniform and in some years there was a decrease in crime rates. The overall crime rate can be traced to the tables that supplemented the submissions. This study was prepared based on statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which reflects the level of crimes committed in 1960–2018 with a population of ten thousand. The focus is on the dynamics of reported crimes during this period. The purpose of the article is to investigate, evaluate and publish statistics that show the dynamics of crimes perpetrated in Ukraine by ten thousand people in the 1960-2018 period. Elements of the scientific novelty of this study are the information base, as the work is based on the results of the reporting data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The information provided covers a range of issues pertaining to crimes perpetrated in Ukraine by ten thousand people per year. The materials can be useful for officials and officials of state bodies, local self-government bodies, public activists, journalists, scientists, etc., who deal with the problems of legal statistics, as well as in the research sphere, in the educational process, etc. The study is based on the official statistics of the Interior Ministry of Ukraine 1960-2018. Materials are supplemented by primary statistics. The study, which is based on the results of the study of the reporting data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and reflects the level of crimes committed in 19602018 with the rate per ten thousand population, allows to judge the work of its individual services and units for crime detection, etc. during this period and will useful in predicting the dynamics of crime and developing evidence-based measures to prevent these types of crime.

MAIN ATTRACTION TRENDS IN 2017-2019 TO ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR CORRUPTION OFFENSES

During the Soviet era, the unavailability or secrecy of public data, in particular, legal statistics, served to separate administrative law from the practice of combating crime. It is known that legal scholars almost always in studies that require the study of the criminological component of social relations, there is a possibility to establish the level, distribution, trends, structure, determinants of offenses and so on. Therefore, it becomes possible to use these data in making management decisions, clarifying the consequences of regulations, arguing the need for changes in legislation, making comparisons with arrays of opinion polls, and so on. But even with the publicity of statistics, there is criticism, which is usually reduced to accusations of heterogeneous manipulation. To some extent, this applies to statistics on administrative liability for corruption-related offenses. The purpose of the article is to determine, based on the analysis of statistical, judicial and departmental data, the main trends in bringing to administrative responsibility in 2017-2019 for corruption-related offenses. The article highlights the issue of the status of bringing to administrative responsibility for offenses related to corruption. Based on the analysis of statistical, judicial and departmental reporting, the main trends in holding perpetrators accountable in 2017-2019 are identified. The author used the indicator of specific gravity and quantitative and qualitative indicators. The annual registration changes, the geography and qualification of offenses, the composition of offenders, as well as the defeat of public administration are examined. Particular attention is paid to offenses that border on corruption offenses, are recognized as criminological by criminology, or in some countries are attributed to such. Emphasis is placed on the problems of access to information, latency of offenses and imperfection of reporting. New trends in administrative offenses related to corruption are characterized and disclosed. Further directions for future research are identified.