scholarly journals Assessing the Chronic Poisoning of White Mice Affected by Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Dukhnytskyi ◽  
Vasyl Sokolyuk ◽  
Nataliia Kozii ◽  
Irina Ligomina ◽  
Vasyl Karpyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Chronic Poisoning

Neonicotinoids are a relatively small group of organic compounds that are widely used in crop production as insecticides. They are highly toxic to insects, and much less toxic to mammals, including humans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic toxicity of insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids Mospilan RP (active substance acetamiprid) and Actara 25 WG (active substance thiamethoxam) on white mice. The chronic toxicity was induced by daily internal introduction of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG to mice for 30 days at the doses of 1/10 of Median Lethal Dose reported as 65 and 363 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. The affected mice showed thrombocytosis, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and lymphocytopenia. Blood plasma hyperproteinemia in mice treated with Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG was characterized by an increase in globulins content by almost 30.0% in both groups. In Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG treated groups, there was a reduction in urea content by 43.6% and 31.5%, respectively, an increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity by 80% and 60.0%, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase by 80% and almost 400%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased to 23.0% only in mice that were given Mospilan RP but not in mice that were given Actara 25 WG.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicities of Psidium guajava Methanolic Bark Extract: A Botanical with In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermione T. Manekeng ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Samuel A. Ntyam Mendo ◽  
Armel-Joseph D. Agokeng ◽  
Victor Kuete
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

The methanol crude extract of the bark of Psidium guajava (guava) previously displayed interesting cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cell lines. In the present work, we plan to determine the toxicological effects of this guava botanical in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out by administration of a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight to female rats in 14 days. Subacute toxicity was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while rats in the control group received no extract. After 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed for hematological and biochemical studies. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were recorded; hence, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the Psidium guajava bark extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. For the subacute toxicity study, significant variations in body weight, relative weight of organs, and biochemical parameters were observed in the animals treated at different doses of the plant extract compared to control animals. Histopathological analyses showed minor liver inflammation in females treated at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). These results suggest that intake of a single high dose of the Psidium guajava bark extract is nontoxic, but repeat administration could exhibit mild organ toxicity.

scholarly journals TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Jonas Roberto Velasco-Chong ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe ◽  
Linder Figueroa-Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

scholarly journals ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ARECA CATECHU LINN. EXTRACT IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Liza Meutia Sari ◽  
Frans D Suyatna ◽  
Gus Permana Subita ◽  
Elza Ibrahim Auerkar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Areca Catechu

ABSTRACTObjective: Areca catechu Linn. or biji pinang is one of the most widely used psychoactive substance with several hundred million users worldwide,predominantly in Southern Asia. However, details of the dermal toxicity of A. catechu L. are still undiscovered. The objective of this study is toinvestigate the in vivo acute dermal toxicity of aqueous extract of A. catechu L. at dose 15,000 mg/kg body weight in Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: The acute dermal toxicity of A. catechu L. nut extract was investigated in rats, as per OECD Guidelines 402 for acute toxicity protocols. Thebody weight, possibility of death, general signs, and behavior activity parameters were measured for 14 days to ascertain the median lethal dose(LD50) of the extract. At the end of the study, all the animals in all the treated group were sacrificed.Results: The LD50 was found to be >15,000 mg/kg body weight. There was significant weight increase (p<0.05) in treated group when comparedto control group. No mortality was observed during whole 14 days study period. A single dose of 15,000 mg/kg of body weight did not producetreatment-related signs of toxicity in any of animal tested.Conclusion: A single dermal dose to A. catechu L. aqueous extract had no toxic effects on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and grossfindings in female rats at a dose of 15,000 mg/kg of body weight. Subsequently, the concentrate can be employed for pharmaceuticals nutrient plants.Keywords: A. catechu L., Acute dermal toxicity, LD50.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Assessment of the methanolic leaf extract of Annona squamosa Bark in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Jamila Saleh ◽  
◽  
Funsho Olowoniyi ◽  
Ekpa Emmanuel ◽  
Abdulrahman Abdullateef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Throughout the history of man, traditional and herbal method of treatment of diseases has been used without considering the dose effect. Therefore, this present study is an attempt on investigating the effect of different doses of Annona squamosa methanolic leaf extract on male wistar Rats especially the delicate organs. The work involves oral administration of different doses (10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900, 5000 mg/kg body weight) of the extract to groups of rats according to Lorkes method. The animals were monitored for 30 days at every 24 hours interval in order to find the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Internal organ-body weight ratios (OBR) of animals in the test groups were determined and compared with those of the control group. LD50 was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg body weight without any significant decrease (p>0.05) in body weight. Biochemical analysis of Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Albumin and globulin of animals administered with extract showed no significant difference compared to the control groups (p>0.05) but concentration of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) indicated obvious changes in the treated groups compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Histopathology of the kidney revealed some inflammation at 1000, 1600, and 5000 mg/kg body weight. The implications of using this extract within safe doses in traditional medicine is hereby discussed

scholarly journals Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Condensate Produced From Olive Mill Wastewater Using Solar Energy in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Bahaa Al-Trad ◽  
Sameh Gharaibeh ◽  
Ameerah Qeshawy ◽  
Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi ◽  
Almuthanna K. Alkaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is one of the environmental challenges associated with the olive oil industry. This study was carried out to investigate the potential acute and sub-chronic toxicity of oral treatment of OMW condensate in mice. Different doses (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg/kg) were applied once to investigate acute toxicity. Sub-chronic toxicity was investigated using thirty mice; two groups with (500, 4000 mg/kg/body weight) doses along with one control group. Acute toxicity study results showed that the LD50 was greater than the highest tested dose with no signs of systemic toxicity, mortality, or behavioral changes. In addition, the sub-chronic investigation did not show significant changes in behavior, body weight, and vital organs weight/body weight ratio along with no observed differences in the studied hematological parameters. Condensate dose of 500 mg/kg did not show significant differences in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, the AST serum level was significantly decreased and the serum level of BUN was increased at the dose of 4000 mg/kg. Results suggest that single and repeated oral doses of olive condensate administered orally are safe in mice

scholarly journals Acute and chronic toxicity evaluation of methanol leaf extract of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Joy Ogugua Igwe ◽  
Harrison Odera Abone ◽  
Moses Chukwuemeka Ezea ◽  
Chika Peter Ejikeugwu ◽  
Charles Okechukwu Esimone
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The medicinal value of herbal plants have been widely described in a number of studies, this has resulted in their increased usage. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of methanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava extract in albino rats using biochemical, hematological and histological parameters. In acute toxicity, the extract was administered orally up to 5,000 mg/kg body weight once to male albino mice. While in chronic toxicity, twenty four adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats for each group. The control group received 10 ml/kg body weight distilled water daily. The other groups received 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of extract daily for 90 days. All the rats were observed daily for signs of toxicity and mortality. At the end of the treatment period, biochemical and hematological tests were carried out on prepared sera. Histology of vital organs was evaluated. Acute toxicology showed the LD50 of the extract to be less than 5000 mg/kg. Chronic toxicological study revealed that at 200 mg/kg, there was no significant (P > 0.05) differences in hematological and biochemical parameters, and there was no alterations in the histology of the organs. However, at 400 mg/kg body weight, the concentrations of the liver biomarkers were increased, with distorted liver. Since no alterations was observed at 200 mg/kg, the extract may be considered to be relatively safe at this dose and could be used for long term treatment of infections.

scholarly journals АКТИВНІСТЬ АМІНОТРАНСФЕРАЗ У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ ТЕЛЯТ ЗА ДІЇ ПІРИДОКСИНУ ГІДРОХЛОРИДУ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
O.V. Yaremko ◽  
R.A. Pelenio
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Aminotransferases

The influence of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) activity in serum aminotransferases in dairy calves growing period (1 to 90 days). Calves control group received basic diet, but research from the first days of life to the basic diet added pyridoxine hydrochloride doses: I group – 1.0; II – 2.0; III – 3.0; IV – 4.0 V and group – 5.0 mg / kg body weight. Blood for the study was before the morning feeding at 1, 5, 21, 60 and 90 days after birth. Research aminotransferase activity was determined by the content of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the ratio between them using factor where Ritisa.It was established that the addition of colostrum to milk and pyridoxine hydrochloride leads to increased aminotransferase activity. The low activity of AST and ALT in blood serum of calves of all groups was on the first day of life. Effects of pyridoxine hydrochloride on aminotransferase activity was shown during the research period. Adding to the colostrum vitamin B6 increases the activity of AST by 10 percent or more doses of only 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight. Probably higher AST activity detected in animals II, III, IV and V groups at 21 and 60 days. On the 90th day of the experiment AST activity in serum of calves research groups stabilized, which may indicate the ability of vitamin B6 stimulate the growth and development of microorganisms scar. Adding to the colostrum and milk pyridoxine hydrochloride led to growth within the physiological norm ALT activity. Significant difference between ALT control and experimental groups established in calves III, IV and V groups 21, 60 and 90 day experiment, calves and the second group on day 90 of the experiment. Stabilization of enzyme activity investigated is set to 21 days in calves group IV, 60 – the third group and 90 days in calves second group. The ratio of AST to ALT (coefficient de Ritis) do not go beyond the physiological norm. For correction of vitamin–supply calves 1–21 days old is the optimal dose of daily supplement intake of calves 4 mg / kg body weight of vitamin B6 for calves with 21–60–day age – 3 mg / kg and 60 calves 90–day age – 2 mg / kg body weight. 

scholarly journals Chronic toxicity of the Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes for white rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
V. B. Dukhnitsky ◽  
I. M. Derkach ◽  
S. S. Derkach ◽  
I. O. Fritsky ◽  
M. O. Plutenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Clathrochelate Complexes

The article presents the results of studies of chronic toxicity of the Iron in the rare unconventional valence – IV. During long-term use of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes for white rats we have established the dynamics of the body weight of rats, the relative coefficients of mass of the internal organs, the content of hemoglobin and morphological parameters of blood, biochemical parameters of blood serum of animals of this species. The daily drinking of solution of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. w. resulted in a decrease in body weight, an increase in the relative indices of masses of liver and kidney, and a decrease in the relative indices of masses of  spleen and heart on 30th day. The hemoglobin content in the blood of rats of the experimental group was less than the control indicator by 3–47% (P < 0.05), which is evidence of inhibition of its synthesis under the influence of the Iron (IV) clathrochelatе. Changes in the morphological composition of the blood were characterized by marked leukocytopenia. The use of rats of a solution of the Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. w. caused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypercreatinemia and hyperurinemia. Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes reduced alaninaminotransferase activity in the serum of rats of both experimental groups by 15–80% (P < 0.05); aspartataminotransferase activity increased significantly by day 10 and decreased by day 30; the activity of alkaline phosphatase was independent of the doses of the drug during the experimental period. The content of Calcium total, Phosphor inorganic and Iron in the serum of rats of the experimental groups was at the level of indicators in the animals of the control group. Consequently, comprehensive studies of the effects of solution of the Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. w. were performed for the first time with long-term administration to white rats, which revealed the main patterns of metabolic disorders and physiological functions.

Effects of gestational administration of nickel on postnatal development in Swiss albino mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saini ◽  
N Nair ◽  
MR Saini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Albino Mice

Effects on postnatal development of Swiss albino mice exposed to nickel (Ni2+) ions as nickel chloride haxahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O) during the gestation periods were evaluated in this study. Administration of Ni to pregnant females by gavage (46.125, 92.25, and 184.5 mg Ni/kg body weight (b.w.)) at doses below median lethal dose during 0–5 (preimplantation period), 6–13 (organogenetic period), and 14–18 days (fetal period) postconception. The dams were allowed to deliver and raise their pups. Significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in litter size was observed after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during the three gestation periods particularly from preimplantation period as compared to organogenetic and fetal periods in comparison with the control group. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during fetal period revealed higher mortality as compared to organogenetic period. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. increased the eye, limb, and tail anomalies during organogenetic period. Gestation index from preimplantation period was low at all the doses. Live birth index decreased during preimplantation and organogenetic periods after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. The viability and weanling of pups decreased during all periods after 92.25 and 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. doses. A dose-dependent highly significant ( p < 0.01) decrease in the body weight of offspring from day 0 to 6 weeks of age at all the doses during different gestation periods were observed. Maximum body weight decrease was observed in offspring from organogenetic period. This study concludes that young ones are vulnerable during different gestational and lactation period which indicates that Ni ingested by mothers constitutes a great threat to the progeny.

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