scholarly journals Selection as the main direction of scientific studies and main steps of selection and breeding work in Ukraine (a review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
O. Krasnopolska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Lecture Material ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Reciprocal Crossing ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Time Selection

Objective: For a long time, selection, as a science, has been dealing with the creation of varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants, animal breeds, microorganism strains and studying the methods of all of the above. At the same time, like any component of science, it has its own directions of development, and improves them in time. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate the historical development of selection as a science, to analyze the current state, and to characterize the application of basic breeding methods in aquaculture in Ukraine. Findings: The author of the work reviewed and analyzed professional scientific literature on the development of selection as one of the methods of scientific studies. In particular, the historical aspects of the development of selection in crop production and animal husbandry, including fish farming, have been considered, and its main directions have been highlighted. A promising method for the development of synthetic selection was proposed: reciprocal crossing, and the current state of selection and breeding work in fish farming was described. Practical value: The review of literature sources can be useful for the preparation of lecture material during the training process for training specialists in the specialty 207 "Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture", including specialists in ichthyology, veterinary medicine, zoology. Key words: Breeding, genetics, breeding, breed, intrabreed type.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology As One of The Possible Solutions To The Problem of Civilization or Threat To Humanity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Near Future

Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are used in almost all areas of agriculture: crop production, animal husbandry, poultry farming, fish farming, veterinary medicine, processing industry, agricultural machinery production, etc. The purpose of this article was to review the literature on the use of nanotechnology in agriculture, the risks and safety of using nanotechnology. The current generation of the world of 7.8 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100. This means that food security will require new systems for the production of food, water and energy. On the other hand, producing more food requires natural resources, land consumption, water supply. Thus, in the very near future, scientific research will be asked to present new paradigms and practices to solve highly complex and varied problems. Can the world's agricultural systems cope with global climate change! Nanotechnology is a fast-growing field that can advance agriculture and food processing with new tools that promise to sustainably increase food production and protect crops from pests. In recent years, nanotechnology has become one of the most important and exciting areas of knowledge at the forefront of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. It gives high hopes for quick breakthroughs and new directions in technical development in many areas of activity. Nanotechnology is a powerful technique that can be used to design and reassemble nature on an atomic and molecular scale. Nanotech is working to realize the ancient scientific vision of recreating the atom by manipulating matter on an atomic scale so that it is transformed into a range of new materials, devices, living organisms and technical systems.

Trends and current state of agriculture in the Irkutsk region

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
E.A. Ilyina ◽  
◽  
M.F. Tyapkina ◽  
Yu.D. Mongush ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Production Growth

The issue of food self-sufficiency in the region becomes the most relevant in times of crises and pandemics. To answer this question, it is necessary to analyze the current state of agriculture and identify trends inherent in the industry. The article assesses the role of agriculture in the economy of the region. The characteristics of the development of crop production and animal husbandry are given, quantitative and qualitative factors are analyzed, and production growth reserves are identified. The material and technical base of the industry is analyzed, the main directions of state support for agricultural producers are described, and a conclusion is formulated about the level of food self-sufficiency in the region under consideration. The directions of development of the industry to ensure the growth of gross agricultural production are proposed. The study is based on the statistical data of the Irkutsk region for the period 2005-2019.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ORGANIC ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CONDITION IN THE WORLD AND THE FORECAST FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-560
Author(s):  
A.A. Chernyaev ◽  
◽  
D.V. Serdobintsev ◽  
E.V. Kudryashova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of organic animal husbandry in the world and to give a forecast of its development in the region. In preparing the article, the following methods were used: statistical-economic, monographic, abstract-logical, calculation-constructive, and forecasting ones. The analysis of the world statistics showed a rapid increase in organic animal husbandry production in the world, and its distribution by industry largely depends on the traditional directions of agricultural production in countries and continents, in addition, the priority of the development of crop production over livestock production has been identified. In Russia, the same trend can be traced, therefore, recommendations for the development of organic animal husbandry in the region are developed and proposed, which are divided into three main areas: technological (changing the production technology), economic (changing the structure of costs and markets) and social (reorienting food preferences consumers), and clear recommendations are given for their implementation. In order for agricultural producers and investors to understand the feasibility and effectiveness of organizing or reprofiling livestock production under organic production in accordance with Federal Law dated 03.08.2018 No. 280-ФЗ “On Organic Production and Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, the value of gross livestock production was forecasted with and without organic production in the Saratov region for the period until 2030.

Deferring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Use Practices ◽  
Ecological Regime

This chapter explores the ecological regime of slavery and the land-use practices employed by farmers across the antebellum South. Despite the diverse ecologies and crop regimes of the region, most southern farmers employed a set of extensive agricultural techniques that kept the cost of farming down and helped circumvent natural limits on crop production and stock-raising. The use of shifting cultivation, free-range animal husbandry, and slaves to perform erosion control masked the environmental impacts of farmers’ actions, at least temporarily. Debates over westward expansion during the sectional crisis of the 1850s were not just about the extension of slavery, they also reflected practical concerns regarding access to new lands and fresh soil. Both were necessary for the continued profitability of farming in the South.

CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS FISHING INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Alekseevna Ilgeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article analyzes the volume of catch of aquatic bioresources in the Russian Federation and exports of fish products, as well as the main economic indicators of organizations by type of activity "Fishing, fish farming ". The main companies representing the Russian fish products market are considered. Recommendations are given on the prospects for the development of the fishing industry in the Russian Federation.

MYCOTOXINS AND MYCOTOXICOSES OF ANIMALS AS AN ACTUAL PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
R. S. Ovchinnikov ◽  
◽  
А. V. Kapustin ◽  
A. I. Laishevtsev ◽  
V. A. Savinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Poultry Farming

Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses represent an actual problem for various fields of agriculture – cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming, fish farming. Mycotoxins (MT) cause harm to the health of animals and enormous economic damage, products of animal husbandry contaminated with mycotoxins can pose a threat to human health. This problem is important from the point of view of providing food and fodder security of the country.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CARBON FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Radik Safin ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Valeriya Kolesar
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Republic

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture. One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets. The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

scholarly journals Detecting hotspots of atmosphere–vegetation interaction via slowing down – Part 1: A stochastic approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bathiany ◽  
M. Claussen ◽  
K. Fraedrich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
General Context ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Local Loss ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sudden Transition

Abstract. An analysis of so-called early warning signals (EWS) is proposed to identify the spatial origin of a sudden transition that results from a loss in stability of a current state. EWS, such as rising variance and autocorrelation, can be indicators of an increased relaxation time (slowing down). One particular problem of EWS-based predictions is the requirement of sufficiently long time series. Spatial EWS have been suggested to alleviate this problem by combining different observations from the same time. However, the benefit of EWS has only been shown in idealised systems of predefined spatial extent. In a more general context like a complex climate system model, the critical subsystem that exhibits a loss in stability (hotspot) and the critical mode of the transition may be unknown. In this study we document this problem with a simple stochastic model of atmosphere–vegetation interaction where EWS at individual grid cells are not always detectable before a vegetation collapse as the local loss in stability can be small. However, we suggest that EWS can be applied as a diagnostic tool to find the hotspot of a sudden transition and to distinguish this hotspot from regions experiencing an induced tipping. For this purpose we present a scheme which identifies a hotspot as a certain combination of grid cells which maximise an EWS. The method can provide information on the causality of sudden transitions and may help to improve the knowledge on the susceptibility of climate models and other systems.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for introducing innovative technologies into the production of the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Mykola Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Current State ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Methodological Principles

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of theoretical and methodological principles and development of practical recommendations for the formation and implementation of innovative technologies in the production of agricultural enterprises. Methodology of research. General-scientific and special research methods are used in the process of research, in particular methods: dialectics and scientific abstraction – in determining the essence of the innovative model of development of the agricultural sector of the economy; economic and statistical – when analysing the current state of implementation of innovative technologies in the agricultural sector of Ukraine; monographic – used in presenting the results of the study. Findings. Theoretical bases of formation of innovative mechanisms and their introduction in agrarian sector are covered. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the management of innovative technologies in the production of agricultural enterprises have been formed. Organizational and economic measures for the introduction of innovative technologies in the production of agricultural enterprises are substantiated. Originality. The mechanism of introduction of innovative technologies in agricultural production in the conditions of unfavourable investment environment in Ukraine is improved, which in contrast to the existing mechanisms provides integration of state instruments of support and regulation of the industry and implementation of state and regional programs at the expense of state and local budgets. In the paper it is offered to allocate production-technological, organizational-administrative, selection genetic, economic and social-ecological mechanisms of integration of innovation in various subsystems of agricultural sector. The production and technological mechanism is a priority in providing state support for the development of animal husbandry and processing of agricultural products. Practical value. Scientific developments will allow to form in Ukraine an effectively functioning agro-industrial complex with optimal financing based on the introduction of innovative technologies in the production of agricultural enterprises. Key words: innovation, methodical approaches, agricultural sector, advantages, technologies, production.

scholarly journals Private Farms of Rural Population of the Republic Tatarstan in Historical and Economic Context (2000–2010-ies)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Ilgizar R. Kaydarov
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
The Village

Introduction. In domestic historiography for many decades personal subsidiary plots were viewed as some rudiment of a non-socialist form of farming in the country’s agricultural sector. In accordance with the political principles of party ideologists, most researchers in every possible way emphasized the futility of the personal subsidiary plots and the inevitability of their soon withering away. And at the beginning of the XXI century they re-main a kind of “islands” of small business in the countryside and the main form of earnings for the total mass of rural workers. The main objective of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the current state of personal subsidiary plots of the rural population of Tatarstan in the context of determining the main socio-economic indicators in relation to the study area; identification of the most important development parameters of this form of small business. Materials and Methods. The scientific study is based on source materials from various government departments (including the Tatarstan Statistical Office), newspaper and journal periodicals, as well as data from historical, economic and sociological literature. When writing the article, the author was guided by the principles of historicism, complexity and objectivity. The research is based on the methods of historical science: problem-chronological, comparative-historical, systemic, etc. Results. During the study, the current state and indicators of the development of personal subsidiary plots of the rural population of the Republic of Tatarstan were systematically reviewed, in particular, their participation in the structure of regional gross income. It has been established that the main branches of economic activity of peasant farmsteads are vegetable growing and productive animal husbandry. It is proved that the strengthening of the positions of large investors in the village led to the curtailment of certain branches of production of personal subsidiary plots and their transition to a consumer rate of management. Discussion and Conclusion. The intensive development of various forms of small business in the post-perestroika period, including personal subsidiary plots of the population, intensified the market diversification of the economy of the agricultural sector in general and of high-quality peasant farmsteads in particular. During the forced dismantling of the collective farm and state farm management systems and the formation of new forms of entrepreneurship, peas-ant farmsteads became not only the economic basis for the existence of the rural population, but also a form of self-preservation of many settlements.

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