FRENCH RESEARCHER FREDERIC LE PLAY AS THE FOUNDER OF SOCIOLOGY OF BASHKIR RACE

The subject of the article is the analysis of the state of the Bashkir patriarchal family as a representative part of Bashkir society in the middle of the 19th century, undertaken by the French sociologist Frédéric Le Play (1806–1882). The object of the research is his monographic study on this topic. The aim of the article is to determine the methods, which Le Play applied for studying the everyday life, economy and material culture of the Bashkirs, to analyze the facts, which he revealed and the conclusions he drew. The tasks proceeding from this goal are based on studying the features of the author's research methodology, empirical material, identifying original conclusions regarding the life support system of a large Bashkir family in the 19th century as a structural element of Bashkir society. The article shows the necessity of using methods of qualitative sociological analysis, applied by the author, in the domestic science. For the first time, a critical analysis of a previously unknown in the Russian historiography is given, its advantages and disadvantages are appreciated, as well as the possibilities of its use in the sociology of race and ethnic relations and anthropology of the Bashkirs.

Commercial practices of the Italian merchantry during the XIII–XV centuries: cross-cultural communication

The problem of cross-cultural contacts is one of the most relevant topics in the research field of culturology. This article turns to the question of cross-cultural interaction on the example of medieval colonization of the maritime republics of the Apennine Peninsula. The object of this research is the economic and cultural processes of Italian expansion in the XIII–XV centuries. The subject is the commercial practices of the merchants, specifically from the republics Amalfi, Genoa, Venice, Pisa, and Florence. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of operations and practices introduced into the European economy from the culturological perspective. The leading methodological vector relies on the theory of cultural transfer developed by the French researcher Michel Espagne. It is established that that a range of economic and cultural phenomena is the product of cultural transfer. The application of M. Espagne’s theory of cultural transfer to the analysis of the phenomenon of Italian colonization is carried out for the first time, which defines the novelty of this work. The research results lies in the analysis of establishment of the economic and cultural phenomena, determination of cooperation of the republics of the Apennine Peninsula within the region and other European states and Arab culture, as well as the consideration of the republics of the Apennine Peninsula as trade partners, rather than competing countries alone. The provided materials can me valuable in the sphere of Mediterranean studies, for the development of cross-disciplinary scientific projects in the area of culturology and economics, as well as for profound research of Italian culture and the phenomenon of expansion of the republics of the Apennine Peninsula in the Middle Ages.

ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO E SEU USO NA PESQUISA EDUCACIONAL: um estudo em duas escolas da Rede de Educação Profissional Científica e Tecnológica

Aproximadamente desde os anos de 1980 a pesquisa de natureza qualitativa alcançou larga receptividade no Brasil, objetivandosuperar os limites dos estudos quantitativos, até então predominantes na investigação dos fenômenos sociais. Notadamente, nos campos das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, a opção pela pesquisa qualitativa evidencia os usos de metodologias como o estudo de caso, a história oral, a pesquisa participante, dentre outras. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar como a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo foi utilizada em um estudo realizado entre os anos de 2014 a 2017, de acordo com os pressupostos defendidos pela pesquisadora francesa Laurence Bardin. A referência é um estudo realizado com trabalhadores-alunos do ensino noturno em duas escolas da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (RFEPCT). Este artigo se justifica, dentre outras razões, por contribuir para prover o preenchimento de lacunas teóricas e metodológicas no aspecto das análises de dados, dada a carência de produções acadêmicas que se propõem a abordar a temática com o rigor que se faz necessário.Palavras-chave: Análise de Conteúdo. Ensino noturno. Trabalhadores-alunos.ANALYSIS OF CONTENT AND ITS USE IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: a study in two schools of the Network of Scientific and Technological Professional EducationAbstractApproximately since the 1980s, qualitative research has reached wide acceptance in Brazil, aimingto overcome the limits of the quantitative studies, hitherto predominant in the investigation of social phenomena. Notably, in the fields of Humanand Social Sciences, the option for qualitative research evidences the uses of methodologies such as case study, oral history, participant research, among others. Thus, this article aims to describe and analyze how the Content Analysis technique was used in a study conducted between 2014 and 2017, according to the assumptions advocated by the French researcher Laurence Bardin. The reference is a study carried out with student sworking at night in two school softhe Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education (RFEPCT). This article is justified, amongotherreasons, by contributing to fill the theoretical and methodological areas in the data analys is aspect, given the lack of academic productions that propose to approach the subject with the necessary rigor.Keywords: Content Analysis. Night teaching. Worker-students.ANÁLISIS DE CONTENIDO Y SU USO EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCACIONAL: un estudio en dos escuelas de la Red de Educación Profesional Científica y TecnológicaResumenAproximadamente desde los años 1980, la investigación de naturaleza cualitativa alcanzó una gran receptividad en Brasil, com el objetivo de superar los límites de los estúdios cuantitativos, hasta entonces, predominantes em la investigación de los fenómenos sociales. En particular, en los campos de las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, la opción por la investigación cualitativa, evidencia los usos de metodologías como el estudio de caso, la historia oral, la investigación participante, entre otras. Siendo así, este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar cómo la técnica del Análisis de Contenido fue utilizada en un studio realizado entre los años 2014 a 2017, de acuerdo con los presupuestos defendidos por la investigadora francesa Laurence Bardin. La referencia es un studio realizado con trabajadores-alumnos de la enseñanza nocturna en dos escuelas de la Red Federal de Educación Profesional, Científica y Tecnológica (RFEPCT). Este artículo se justifica, entre otras razones, por contribuir para proveer el llenado de lacunas teóricas y metodológicas en el aspecto de los análisis de datos, dada la carencia de producciones académicas que se proponen abordar la temática con el rigor que se hace necesario.Palabras clave: Análisis de contenido. Enseñanza nocturna. Trabajadores-estudiantes.

I. Kant's Copernican revolution in the context of the concept of subjectivation

This article is dedicated to correlation between the concept of subjectivation of M. Foucault and the concept of subject of I. Kant. Due to the fact that the project of studying the forms of subjectivity has not been accomplished, the artistic legacy of the French scholar has left numerous questions still to be answered. One of such questions is the transformation of the subject that took place in Modern Age, and the reasons for the elimination of spiritual practices of subjectivation. The work is of historical-philosophical nature, and employs analytical, critical and comparative methods of research applicable to the texts of Michel Foucault and Immanuel Kant, as well as to a number of foreign (G. Deleuze, A. Renaut, T. Adorno) and domestic (M. Mamardashvili, F. Girenok, S. Khoruzhiy) analytical works. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of the philosophical concept of M. Foucault in the specific context of transcendental philosophy of I. Kant. The author distinguishes between what the French researcher called the metaphysical subject of Descartes and the transcendental subject of Kant. The following conclusions were formulated: the acknowledgement of irrevocable loss of the elements of subjectivation in the Kantian concept of subject, which were reflected in the doctrine of Cartesius; claim of the autonomy of the Kantian subject, founded on the rejection of metaphysics and exclusion of heteronomy as a characteristic of subjectivity; confirmation of the key role of practical reason as the factor of further development of the concept of subject towards enhancing the autonomy and gnoseocentrism.

Etnografia de tela e semiopragmática: um diálogo entre metodologias de análise fílmica.

The “screen ethnography” is a proposal of analysis presented by the brazilian researcher Carmen Rial (2004) based on studies in the field of anthropology and has as its starting point the changes promoted by the poststructuralist bias in the field of humanities studies, such as decolonial theories, queer theory, and many others. Its methodology proposes the application of proper procedures of anthropological research - such as the researcher’s long immersion in the field, systematic observation, field notebook registration, etc. - as a method resource in the study of media productions, including cinema. The “semio-pragmatic” is an analytical model proposed by french researcher Roger Odin (2000) inspired by the contributions of semiology/semiotics to film analysis - a structuralist method - associated with a pragmatic perspective in such way the film’ narrative is considered according to conditions available the context of its reception. As a point of convergence, the two methodological proposals emphasize the importance of context in the analytical process of films. While screen ethnography considers the context of research as relevant information to conduct filmic analysis, semio-pragmatics emphasizes the context of reception in which the viewer is inserted at the moment of exhibition. By providing a synthesis of the main characteristics and strategies of each methodological proposal, our aim in this presentation is to contribute to a reflection on the modes of context appropriation in the film analysis process and its implications that each methodological choice has on the final result of the analysis.

Armação Baleeira de Itapocoroia na obra “Viagem á Província de Santa Catharina (1820)” do naturalista Auguste de Saint-Hilaire

As armações baleeiras representaram uma importante atividade econômica para o Brasil em meados do século XVIII e início do século XIX. O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a condição político-administrativa-social da Armação Baleeira do Itapocoroia, situada no estado de Santa Catarina, a partir do relato do viajante Saint-Hilaire. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia a análise do documento através de bibliografias sobre o tema e outras fontes do período. Por fim, pode-se perceber o caráter desbravador do pesquisador francês através da descrição geográfica do local. A partir disso, pode-se inferir que existiam três instâncias diferentes na organização da armação. São elas: a instância administrativa, a de caça e produção de derivados da baleia e a de moradia. Além disso, o trabalho desenvolvido por Saint-Hilaire é uma importante fonte para os estudos sobre a pesca da baleia no litoral catarinense, principalmente sobre a Armação de Itapocoroia.Palavras-chave: Armação Baleeira; Itapocoroy; Santa Catarina; Saint-Hilaire. AbstractWhaling stations represented an important economic activity for Brazil in the mid-18th and early 19th centuries. This article aimed to analyze the political-administrative-social condition of Whaling stations Itapocoroia, located in the state of Santa Catarina, based on the account of the traveler Saint-Hilaire. For that, the source analysis was used as methodology through bibliographies on the theme and other sources of the period. Finally, one can perceive the pioneering character of the French researcher through the geographical description of the place. From this, it can be inferred that there were three different instances in the organization of the frame. They are: the administrative, whaling and production of whale products and housing. In addition, the work developed by Saint-Hilaire is an important source of studies on whaling on the coast of Santa Catarina, mainly in Itapocoroia.Keywords: Whaling stations; Itapocoroy; Saint Catherine; Saint-Hilaire.

Graffiti as a Form of Public Opinion Expression

This article deals with the problem of the functioning of urban space as a communicative platform for the expression of public opinion. The aim of the work is to analyze the culture of graffiti, which draws attention to modern social processes, and the main task is to assess the semantic and sociocultural content of graffiti and their influence on the formation of public consciousness. Based on the concept of the French researcher Roland Barthes, the authors analyzed the location “Bukashkin’s Yard” in Yekaterinburg. The article summarizes the ideas about social processes in cultural, sociological and philosophical terms.

‘The Whole History of Painting Should be Rewritten’. Six Texts of the New Art History. On the book “Take a Closer Look” by Daniel Arasse

In the article, the authors considered Daniel Arasse's (1944-2003) methodological approaches and principles in the book «On n'y voit rien: descriptions». In the six texts of different genres, Arasse proposes new interpretations of paintings, already analyzed by more than one generation of art historians. The texts of the French researcher not only propose new research optics but serve as an example of easy, popular, and at the same time deep way of art or (and) paintings history writing. The place and role of Daniel Arasse in the French intellectual environment have been found out. Also, the influence of André Chastel, Louis Maren, Francis Emilia Yates on the formation of Arasse's interests and research tools has been clarified. The peculiarities of Arasse's approach to the symbols interpretation in the canvases were also analyzed. The French researcher persuaded the meaning of images and work on the whole is often behind the “screen” of quotations and references from other works, which deprives the work of self-sufficiency and meaning. This review demonstrates how Arass interprets the seemingly unobvious elements in paintings, the role of symbols in the composition, and the work's integrity. According to Arass, recourse to iconography is not the main approach. So, the researcher leaves the viewer the right to free interpretation, not overburdened by previous readings and not limited by tradition. The authors considered how Arasse works with the paintings' text and the cultural field in which they appeared. Arasse finds and solves the semiotic «rebuses» of painting images. Specific examples given in the article show when anachronisms in interpretations lead to ahistoricity, and when they help to understand the meaning of visual material better. Semiosis catalyzes the image as an independent actant, which begins to produce meaning visually, according to Arasse. The role of the customer and the artist is leveled out. Moreover, semiosis continues long after their death. In this case, the researcher finds himself in the role of another constructor of concetto. This is more «another» than right or wrong.