Ways to improve the market of green agricultural products in Ukraine

Human has been influencing the environment since ancient times, but never has this impact been asintense as in the last century. The use of natural resources is currently occurring at such a large scale and atsuch a rapid rate that the natural reproduction of the environments used is not ensured. As a result, the mu ltifaceted centuries-old human activity has left deep traces on the modern soil and vegetation, air and waterenvironment, wildlife. Today, more and more consumers in the world are aware of the benefits and preferproducts that have a positive impact on the environment and human health. The environmental safety ofagri-food products, whether it is finished products, crop products or livestock products, is a global issue, as itcovers not only human health but also the country's economy. The standard of living of citizens, social acti vity of the person depend on quality of production, and also there is an influence on demographic aspect ofhis existence. Therefore, to ensure a high standard of living, the state must pay more attention to the environmental safety of finished products. The scientific work investigates and highlights the features and currentstate of the market for clean products in Ukraine, determines the level of populations attitude to organicproducts, outlines ways to improve the market for organic products in Ukraine.

Paisagem Cultural de Transumância: A Rota da Serra da Estrela para as Campinas de Idanha

: The transhumance cultural landscape reflects a deep knowledge of the territory. Based on pastoral activity, involves spatial, periodic and seasonal movements of livestock between mountain pastures, valleys and lowlands, to provide food. We highlight an important Portuguese route: Serra da Estrela – Idanha-a-Nova, where wool production was the main activity’s driving force. The acti‑ vity reached its peak in the Middle Ages and survived until the 1950s in Beira Interior region. Aware that change is an inherent dynamic in landscape, we cannot, however, disregard that over generations, the use of endogenous natural resources, shows an understanding of the ecosystem, contributing to the region’s cultural and landscape identity heritage.

Ascorbate peroxidase of moss Dicranum scoparium: gene identification, enzyme activity

In present work, the APX gene encoding ascorbate peroxidase in the moss Dicranum scoparium was for the first time cloned and sequenced, high homology of APX with ascorbate peroxidase genes of the mosses Grimmia pilifera and Physcomitrella patens was shown. The structure of the protein was characterized using bioinfomatics approach and the activity of the enzyme under abiotic stresses was studied. An increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was detected during desiccation of D. scoparium shoots. When exposed to heat shock, a decrease in the acti-vity of ascorbate peroxidase correlated with a decrease in the expression of APX. Conserved elements, which were found in the structure of ascorbate peroxidase gene and protein, indicate that these sequences are preserved in the plant genome during evolution, in support of the importance of this enzyme in maintaining cellular redox status.

Modulation of BTEX Bio - Remedial Activity by Molecular Triggering from Facultative Anaerobic Activity

BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) is widely reside in fuel and painting process, such as industrial metal painting. Due to their volatile character, it is easily emitted and recalcitrant in disintegration through aromatic property. These vapor inhaled and slow corruption the lipid membrane of the lungs tissue. Benzene and derivatives are thus more mutagenic and carcinogenic evaluated. The leakage of oil and spoil the soil and groundwater which arouse publi c concern about health respect. Therefore, it is crucial to develop high - efficiency of pollutant transformation, with aims to instant treatment of their toxicity or start remediation process. This study had screened several active isolates from bio - fixed b iofilms consortia were carried. The investigation concerns the supplement of electronic molecules for the remediation effect of BTEX were tried and the cultivation status of facultative anaerobic state were addressed. In highlight of finding with high acti vity consortium was enriched from humic acid eluted from compost of kitchen waste, add additional 400 mg/L BTEX compound over almost one year. Active isolate were compared by using different carbon source as electron donors with 31.2 μM substrate concentra tion. After the basal carbon source as humic acid and molasses was extra added and compared, remedial activity of the strain with 3 - 3> 3 - 1> 2 - 6 were compared. As a second level analysis, the remedial effects shown: methanol>glucose>indole acetic acid>indol e, indicated that the electromotive force might influenced by the grafting carbon chain, the length of carbon grafting, the influence of reducer as ferrous ions in medium, also the free benzoic compound interacted, dynamic directing the direction of electr on flux from humic acid or molasses, overall, humic acid, generally less conversion, believed only support electron mediation in other reaction. While molasses, macromolecular and exhibits a reducing power with glucose and methanol. However, it causes inva lid electronic flux into aromatic conversion but competitively switch to oxidative respiration. Resulted an invalid co - metabolism. The significant of remedial effect by grafting aromatics and soluble humic acid were demonstrated in this report.

Pengolahan Daun Tembakau dan Dampaknya Terhadap Lingkungan

<p>Tembakau merupakan bahan baku utama industri hasil tembakau seperti rokok keretek, cerutu, tembakau iris, dan lain-lain. Sebelum digunakan, daun tembakau harus melalui proses pengolahan. Pengolahan tembakau pada dasarnya merupakan kegiatan pengeringan, dengan penerapan suhu bertahap atau disebut proses kiu-ring (curing). Dalam proses pengolahan tembakau diperlukan energi, yang selama ini berasal dari panas ma-tahari, udara panas buatan hasil pembakaran kayu, minyak tanah, batu bara, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), atau limbah pertanian. Penggunaan bahan bakar ini menyebabkan polusi udara, sehingga mencemari ling-kungan dan meracuni pekerja. Tembakau sendiri mengandung bahan berbahaya seperti, debu tembakau, ni-kotin, residu pestisida, TSNA (tobacco spesific nitrosamine), B-a-P (benzo-a-pyrene), dan lain-lain. Petunjuk pengendalian bahan berbahaya dan dampak lingkungan tersebut, selama ini sudah tersedia secara lengkap yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi tembakau dunia Coresta dan diimplementasikan oleh perusahaan-perusaha-an mitra petani. Petani yang sistem produksinya dalam bentuk kemitraan dengan perusahaan-perusahaan tembakau, telah melakukan pengendalian dengan baik. Dampak negatif penggunaan bahan bakar dapat di-tekan dengan sistem pemanasan tidak langsung (flue-curing), sedangkan penggunaan batu bara dilakukan dengan tungku pembakaran gasifikasi. Implementasi selanjutnya, selain diperlukan sistem inspeksi sesuai ketentuan juga perlu didorong terbentuknya kemitraan antara perusahaan tembakau dan petani.</p><p> </p><p>Tobacco leaf is the main raw material of tobacco industries such as cigarette, cigar, slices tobacco, etc. Be-fore being used, tobacco leaves have to go through processing. Tobacco processing is basically a drying acti-vity, with the application of temperature or a gradual process called curing. In the processing of tobacco ener-gy needed, which is derived from the hot sun, hot air made by the burning wood, kerosene, coal, LPG (li-quefied petroleum gas), or agricultural waste. The use of these fuels causes air pollution, thus contaminating the environment and poisoning workers. Tobacco itself contain hazardous materials such as tobacco dust, ni-cotine, pesticide residue, TSNA (tobacco specific nitrosamines), B-a-P (benzo-a-pyrene) and others. In-structions on control of hazardous materials and environmental impact, as long as it is available completely de-termined by the organization of the world tobacco Coresta and implemented by partner company of farmers. Farmer production systems in the form of partnership with tobacco companies, has done well control. The ne-gative impact of fuel use could be reduced by an indirect heating system (flue-curing), while the use of coal gasification is done by burning stove. Subsequent implementation, in addition to the required inspection sys-tem according to the provisions, should also be encouraged such as partnerships between tobacco companies and farmers.</p>

Desain Sistem Perhitungan Biaya Pendidikan Mahasiswa Berbasis Aktivitas di Politeknik

<p><em></em><em>The research purposes are to identify activities undertaken by Indone-sian polytechnic student, apply education's cost system and design an information system application to tuition fees based on activity based costing methods. Analysis and design were done in two Phases. The first phase is identifies and classifies activities expenses on activities, cost drivers, and to facilitate the determination ofcost driver rate. The next stage is design an educational cost???s application based activity used Personal Home Page (PHP). The findings of this study have identified 31 direct activities and 21 indirect activities related to educatio-nal activity, and there are several different educational activities among polytechnic. Cost of education per student per academic entity has been calculated. The average proportion of academic indirect acti-vity costs are 43% which is higher than the proportion of 33% as stat-ed by Government. Itindicates that activity is still need to be observed to identify and rise efficient charging of student costs allocation. The application was identified those activities and formulated same calculation???s result.</em></p>

Población y uso de hábitat del venado de páramo Odocoileus lasiotis (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) en Venezuela

Direct observations of Paramo's white-taí1ed deer were made along transecl in the Mucubají area (Parque N acional Sierra N evada, Mérida, Venezuela). Sex ratio was two does per buck. Group composition varied with time of year and reproductive condition. The reproductive cycle was similar to that of lhe white-tailed deer from the Costa Rican dry Pacific region. Acti vity was maximum between 9 - 11 h and 15 - 17 h, and minimum al night. The deer feed on 13 species of vascular plants. (five families), and one of mushroom (Boletaceae: Agaricales). Fifteen plant species were used for shelter. Territory delimitation and signs for social communication were made primarily on gymnosperms (Cupressus and Pinus). Most deer were observed in terrain with slopes under 20% where the more complex and diverse vegetation associations exist.

Bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic potential from Thai indigenous chickens

Bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and screened from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Thai indigenous chickens. The bacteriocinogenic activities and the primary probiotic properties were determined. The bacteriocins produced by 14 strains of selected LAB displayed inhibitory activity against indicator strains after the supernatants were neutralized with NaOH in the following species: Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei JCM1157, Enterococcus faecalis VanB, Bacillus sp., and Listeria monocytogenes. The antagonistic acti-vity of selected LAB was inactivated or decreased after being treated with proteolytic enzymes (&alpha;-chymotrypsin and trypsin). CR5-1 strain exhibited the highest level of activity (5120 AU/ml) in the stationary phase against L. sakei subsp. sakei JCM1157 in MRS broth at 37&deg;C. The nine isolates of selected LAB were investigated for primary probiotic properties. The survival of the nine isolates was found to decrease approximately by 3 log CFU/ml after passing through the gastrointestinal conditions. All isolates exhibited protein digestion on agar plates but no isolates showed the ability to digest starch and lipid. Most of them showed high susceptibilities to some antibiotics (penicillin G, tetracycline and erythromycin). Thirteen LAB strains producing bacteriocin with strongly inhibitory activity were identified as Lactobacillus salivarius and only one strain was identified by 16S&nbsp;rDNA sequence analysis as Lactobacillus agilis. &nbsp; &nbsp;