scholarly journals Determinants of Modern Scientific Discourse in the Context of “Socialization” of Knowledge

2022 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Verbal Representation ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Discourse Studies

The aim of the article is to disclose some general trends in scientific discourse studies that have emerged by the second decade of the 21 st century, to characterize scientific discourse as a means of promoting knowledge, and to consider its contribution to public communication. The notion of scientific discourse incorporates both conventional (scientific articles, reviews, theses, dissertation abstracts) and modern forms of discourse (online academic conferences, symposia, colloquiums, seminars). The research is viewed in the article as a result of scientists' social activity targeted at new knowledge discovery and broadcasting, whilst the scientific text is defined in terms of verbal representation of the research results in a par with new knowledge transmission. Two types of determinants are introduced to regulate the model of scientific text composition – internal and external. The internal determinant is represented by discursive structures, which promote knowledge in scientific text as the element of scientific communication, while the external dominant is represented by extralinguistic factors, which provide the promotion of scientific discourse outside the professional community (socializing). Воth kinds of determinants provide the interpretation of the scientific discourse as open systems. An assumption is made on the increasing role of external determinant in discursive extension of modern scientific text by means of the Internet; the addressee factor wider representation and scientific knowledge inclusion into cross-cultural communication.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF NEW KNOWLEDGE IN A SCIENTIFIC TEXT

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Елена Александровна Баженова
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Object A ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

Введение. С функционально-стилистических позиций рассматривается смысловая структура научного текста в аспекте выражения в нем нового знания. Понятие политекстуальности научного текста. С учетом экстралингвистической обусловленности разноаспектным содержанием познавательной деятельности научный текст определяется как система субтекстов. Под субтекстом понимается структурно-смысловая единица текста, репрезентирующая определенный аспект эпистемической ситуации – онтологический, методологический, аксиологический, коммуникативно-прагматический. В монографиях и статьях по разным наукам зафиксированы следующие типы субтекстов: субтекст нового знания, субтекст старого знания, методологический субтекст, субтекст оценки, субтекст авторизации, субтекст адресации, периферийный субтекст. Взаимодействие субтекстов обусловливает особое качество смысловой структуры научного текста – политекстуальность. Политекстуальность предполагает иерархические отношения между субтекстами. Наибольшей коммуникативной значимостью обладают два субтекста – субтекст нового знания и методологический субтекст, которые репрезентируют онтологическое содержание нового знания, заключенное в форму понятий, гипотез, теорем, доказательств и др. Остальные субтексты являются дополнительными и формируют эпистемический контекст нового знания. Характеристика субтекста нового знания. Субтекст нового знания является стержнем смысловой структуры научного текста. Развертывание данного субтекста эксплицирует динамику научно-познавательной деятельности автора, представленную последовательностью этапов получения нового знания в составе проблемной ситуации, проблемы, идеи или гипотезы, аргументации, вывода. Благодаря субтексту нового знания содержание каждого из этапов получает речевую репрезентацию. В научной коммуникации сформировался стилистический стандарт субтекста нового знания, включающего обоснование проблемы или постановку задачи, характеристику изучаемого объекта, представление идеи или гипотезы, определение понятий, аргументацию или доказательство гипотезы, экспликацию результатов и выводов. Рассматриваются различные варианты развертывания субтекста нового знания в текстах по лингвистике, математике, физике, химии, философии. Особое внимание уделяется анализу композиционной структуры субтекста нового знания в авторефератах диссертаций. Репрезентация нового знания в этом жанре «зеркально» отражает все этапы познавательной деятельности автора. Заключение. Интерпретация смысловой структуры научного текста как политекстуального целого с доминирующей ролью субтекста нового знания позволяет обобщенно представить типовую стилистико-речевую организацию научного текста. Introduction. From the functional-stylistic positions, the semantic structure of the scientific text is considered in the aspect of the expression of new knowledge in it. Results and discussion. Taking into account the extralinguistic conditionality of the diverse content of cognitive activity, a scientific text is defined as a system of subtexts. A subtext is a structural and semantic unit of a text that represents a certain aspect of an epistemic situation – ontological, methodological, axiological, communicative and pragmatic. The following types of subtexts are recorded in monographs and articles on various sciences: the new knowledge subtext, the old knowledge subtext, the methodological subtext, the evaluation subtext, the authorization subtext, the addressing subtext, and the peripheral subtext. The interaction of subtexts determines a special quality of the semantic structure of a scientific text – polytextuality. Polytextuality implies hierarchical relationships between subtexts. Two subtexts have the greatest communicative significance – the new knowledge subtext and the methodological subtext. It is these subtexts that represent the ontological content of the new knowledge, enclosed in the form of concepts, hypotheses, theorems, proofs, etc. Other subtexts form the epistemic context of the new knowledge. The subtext of new knowledge is the core of the semantic structure of a scientific text. The deployment of this subtext explicates the dynamics of scientific and cognitive activity of the author, represented by a sequence of stages of obtaining new knowledge. The cognitive stages include: problem situation, problem, idea or hypothesis, argument, conclusion. Due to the subtext of the new knowledge, the content of each of these stages receives a speech representation. In scientific communication has formed new knowledge stylistic standard, comprising the following composition units: problem or problem statement, characteristics of the studied object, a representation of the ideas or hypotheses, definition of concepts, reasoning or prove the hypothesis, explication of the results and conclusions. Variants of the deployment of the new knowledge subtext in academic texts on linguistics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and philosophy are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the compositional structure of the new knowledge subtext in the dissertation abstracts. The representation of new knowledge in this genre “mirrors” all stages of the author’s cognitive activity. Conclusion. Interpretation of the semantic structure of a scientific text as a polytextual structure with the dominant role of the subtext of new knowledge allows us to generalize the typical stylistic and speech organization of a scientific text.

scholarly journals Modern approaches towards the study of food culture in foreign scientific discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Palatkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Cooking Shows ◽  
Crucial Part

The subject of this research is the modern scientific discourse on food culture, while the object is the foreign approaches towards the study of food culture. Research dedicated to food culture is a crucial part of modern scientific discourse. The goal of this article lies in determination of the key approaches towards the study of food culture. The majority of foreign researchers claim that the modern study of nutrition shifted towards examination of the communicative aspects of food consumption (identity, cultural symbolism, social activity, etc.). From year to year, food and its consumption are explored by mass media and non-specialists as a form of art, leisure, source of social status, as well as method to express social / global differences, which manifests in the growing number of “trendy” food practices, magazine and newspaper publications, video blogs, cooking shows, etc. The author’s special contribution consists in outlining the three main approaches towards the study of nutrition: natural scientific, anthropological, and sociological. The natural scientific approach is associated with the basic principle of vitality of nutrition for people, which at the present stage is turning into a cult of healthy eating. The anthropological approach is based on determination of the anthropic characteristics of nutrition and is ramified and multidisciplinary. A special place is assigned to culturological direction. The sociological approach is focused of revelation of the role of alimentary culture in strengthening of social ties, social differentiation and integration on the micro- and macro levels. However, due to broadening of the research field related to nutrition, such classification can be elaborated.

Violently Oscillating: Science, Repetition and Affective Transmutation in Fassbinder's Berlin Alexanderplatz

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Elena del Río
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Berlin Alexanderplatz

This essay looks at Fassbinder's Berlin Alexanderplatz to trace the  film's transformation of a mechanistic scientific discourse into  affective indeterminacy. Through patterns of repetition of a key event, the film considers its protagonist as a complex web of constantly shifting forces – a network of biological, social, political and semiotic flows coalescing in a body that exists in a state of perpetual oscillation between force and mutilation, ecstasy and pain. The role of physics and other materialist discourses in the film is thus not to fixate subjectivity, but rather to provide a passage into its affective transformations and the intense desubjectification that results.

scholarly journals Including the animal standpoint in critical public relations research

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Núria Almiron ◽  
Laura Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Critical Animal Studies ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Short Explanation

In this paper we argue that adopting critical animal studies perspectives in critical public relations can not only be very fruitful, but that it is also a necessity if the aims of the latter are to be achieved. To this end, this text introduces the challenges and opportunities that the field of critical animal studies brings to critical public relations studies. First, a short explanation of what critical animal studies is and why it can contribute to critical public relations studies is provided. Then the main fields of research where this contribution can be most relevant are discussed, including ethics, discourse studies and political economy. The final aim of this theoretical paper is to expand research within the field of critical public relations by including a critical animal studies approach. Eventually, the authors suggest that embracing the animal standpoint in critical public relations is an essential step to furthering the study of power, hegemony, ideology, propaganda or social change and to accomplishing the emancipatory role of research.

The role of branding in establishing open systems

StandardView ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Roy McKean
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems

scholarly journals Distribution of Lactoferrin Is Related with Dynamics of Neutrophils in Bacterial Infected Mice Intestine

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liang ◽  
Zhen-Jie Wang ◽  
Guang Ye ◽  
Xue-You Tang ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Activated Neutrophils ◽  
Binding Glycoprotein

Lactoferrin (Lf) is a conserved iron-binding glycoprotein with antimicrobial activity, which is present in secretions that recover mucosal sites regarded as portals of invaded pathogens. Although numerous studies have focused on exogenous Lf, little is known about its expression of endogenous Lf upon bacterial infection. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Lf in mice intestine during Escherichia coli (E. coli) K88 infection. PCR and immunohistology staining showed that mRNA levels of Lf significantly increased in duodenum, ileum and colon, but extremely decreased in jejunum at 8 h and 24 h after infection. Meanwhile, endogenous Lf was mostly located in the lamina propria of intestine villi, while Lf receptor (LfR) was in the crypts. It suggested that endogenous Lf-LfR interaction might not be implicated in the antibacterial process. In addition, it was interesting to find that the infiltration of neutrophils into intestine tissues was changed similarly to Lf expression. It indicated that the variations of Lf expression were rather due to an equilibrium between the recruitment of neutrophils and degranulation of activated neutrophils. Thus, this new knowledge will pave the way to a more effective understanding of the role of Lf in intestinal mucosal immunity.

scholarly journals Foreign Experience in Using Educational Logotherapy in Professional Activities of Primary School Teachers

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Yuliia Stepura
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Concept ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

Abstract The article examines the nature and importance of using aesthetic and therapeutic concept and educational logotherapy, in particular, for creating a special emotionally comfortable socioeducational environment for primary education The author has represented inteipretation of foreign scholars' views (J. Bugental, V. Frankl, A. Maslow, R. May, J. Moreno, C. Rogers et al) on such terms as “communication ”, “aesthetotherapy ”, “educational logotherapy” etc. An attempt has been made to analyze the social coTitent of pedagogical activity in the context of using logotherapy in primary school based on an agogical paradigm. In the scope of the article, the specific of using the therapeutic metaphor in the educational environment of primary' school has been represented as well as the basic stages of its implementation have been determined. These stages are the following: description of the storyline, persuasion and binding. The author has defined the role of the “living metaphors” in organization of the therapeutic interaction between the teacher and primary' schoolchildren. Particular attention has been paid to formation of the humanistic competency among primary schoolchildren; this competency is to be based on their understanding of the following philosophical and pedagogical categories: a norm (as a means and a results of pupils' social activity), freedom (as a mean and a result of individual self-expression among primary schoolchildren) and happiness (as an individual self-expression among primaryr schoolchildren). The author has assessed the role of deflection method and paradoxical intention for the social development of the pupil and further formation of the individual. Additional attention has been paid to determination of the socioeducational and psychological and pedagogical potential of such leading method in logotherapy as “The Socratic dialogue” (or “The Socratic circle”): as well have been highlighted the main stages of its implementation: consent (search for what pupil may agree), doubt (an expression of doubts towards weak arguments of interlocutor) and arguments (the teacher must convey' one’s opinion, without any resistance from the child): have been represented different various algorithms of its realization: the method of “aquarium”, “panel method” and “questioning technique”.

scholarly journals HUS and the case for complement

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (18) ◽  
pp. 2085-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Abstract Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Excess complement activation underlies atypical HUS and is evident in Shiga toxin–induced HUS (STEC-HUS). This Spotlight focuses on new knowledge of the role of Escherichia coli–derived toxins and polyphosphate in modulating complement and coagulation, and how they affect disease progression and response to treatment. Such new insights may impact on current and future choices of therapies for STEC-HUS.

From rationalization to rationality: (In)sustainability of strategic narratives in  science communication, ranging from climatic change to hydro-meteorological extremes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Ribau ◽  
Rui Perdigão ◽  
Julia Hall
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Strategic Narratives

<p>Strategic narratives (persuasive use of story systems) in science communication have been gathering<br>increasing support, especially in the face of misunderstandings about high-impact climatic change and hydrometeorologic extremes.<br>The use of these narratives reveals, in line with linguistic research, that traditional scientific discourse<br>conception has become outdated. Should scientific discourse be centered on the description of discoveries?<br>Should the role of political discourse be to convince someone to act? Before answering these, it is necessary to<br>understand the crucial function that uncertainty plays in communication, along with its consequences in the<br>concepts of objectivity and truth. More importantly, understanding its role in scientific society and sustainability.<br>Unable to eliminate uncertainty altogether, science becomes an essential escort to recognize, manage<br>and communicate its pertinency. However, the most popular strategic narratives sideline uncertainty as a threat.<br>Denialists follow a similar approach, though they communicate uncertainty to discredit evidence. Comparatively,<br>in their latest Assessment Report, the IPCC characterized uncertainty whilst stating: “uncertainty about impacts<br>does not prevent immediate action”.<br>Scientific discourse outputs and social reality constructions influence each other. The moralization of<br>science communication reveals how XVII century revolutionary skepticism can now be perceived as a threat, and<br>facts expected from science can be deemed dogmatic truths and perceived as decrees through rationalism and as<br>an extension of Judeo-Christian philosophical influence. Equally important, uncertainty reinforces individual<br>freedom, while society grasps and recognizes certainty as security and demands it from institutions, accepting<br>degrees of authoritarianism to maintain a tolerable living condition.<br>From “Climate Emergency” to “Thousand-Year Flood”, public interest in climatic change and extremes<br>increases following high-impact events, yet trust in science plunges into a deep polarized divide among absolute<br>acceptance and outright rejection relative to the bold headlines conveyed not only in the media but also in some<br>scientific literature.<br>Political, religious and activist leaders strike one as prophets acting in the name of science. From<br>rationalism to rationality, scientific culture is pivotal to the analysis of complexity, objectivity, and uncertainty in<br>the definition of truth (absent from epistemological discussions for centuries). Humor/sarcasm, literature or<br>dialectic are examples of how to communicate entropy of scientific models, while reflecting about the role,<br>uncertainty, and mistake, retain in life.<br>“People want certainty, not knowledge”, said Bertrand Russel. However, neither science nor democracy<br>work like that, rather taking reality as having shades of grey instead of a reduced black-or-white dichotomy.<br>Science is not about giving just one single number to problems clearly not reducible to such, as that gives a false<br>sense of certainty and security in an entropic world where we cannot control everything.<br>In order to objectively analyze discourses in light of their uncertainty features, detecting whether they<br>contain polarized, absolutistic narrative patterns, we introduce a new process-consistent Artificial Intelligence<br>framework, building from Perdigão (2020, https://doi.org/10.46337/200930). The complementarity of our<br>approach relative to both social and information technologies is brought out, along with ways forward to reinforce<br>the fundamental role of uncertainty in scientific communication, and to strengthen public confidence in the<br>scientific endeavor.</p>

HISTORIAN ON SOCIAL NETWORKS: SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Vasily Syrov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
And Function

The article discusses some of the research findings related to the topic of the place and function of histori-ans on social networks. The main attention is paid to identifying the role of web technologies in the con-ventional practices of creating historical knowledge creation of historical knowledge. It is emphasized that the thesis about blurring the boundaries between the professional community and users in general does not mean rejection of the recognition of the decisive role of the professional community in the production of knowledge. The ways and methods of historians' actions in social networks and their advantages over traditional methods of knowledge production are revealed.

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