Cooperation System of Gaduh Sapi in Fiqh Mu’āmalah in Tanjung Kulon Kajen Village Pekalongan

<p dir="ltr"><span>This study aims to describe the “gaduh sapi” collaboration in terms of practice and review of mu’āmalah fiqh in Tanjung Kulon Village, Kajen Country, Pekalongan District. This research is using descriptive qualitative research. The sources used in this study are data from interviews, observations, documentation, and literature data. The subjects of this study were cattle managers and owners of capital. Data collection techniques used non-participant observation methods, structured interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative by using the deductive method. The study results show that the practice of “gaduh sapi” in Tanjung Kulon Village follows the habits of the village community both in terms of how to manage, provide capital, and share profits. The model of rowdy practice is carried out with two events, namely fattening and breeding. The “gaduh sapi” collaboration carried out by the community as a means of helping. The practice of “gaduh sapi” cooperation carried out by the community is in accordance with the rules of fiqh mu’āmalah, namely using a muḍārabah contract. Because the capital owner gives the business manager the freedom to manage his business, develop it without limiting the type, time, and place. The capital used in this rowdy cooperation practice is goods, namely cows. This follows one of the conditions for muḍārabah capital: it can be in the form of money or goods that are valued (cows are included). So that at the end of time the distribution of results can be distinguished from profits. Where cattle capital remains the right of the owner of the capital, then the fattening and breeding results are shared. The provisions of the benefits carried out by the people of Tanjung Kulon Village are by the rules of al-ghunmu bi al- ghurmi (risks are balanced with benefits). This study also confirms that there are no contracts containing gharar in the “gaduh sapi” practice.</span></p><p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan “gaduh sapi” dari segi praktik dan tinjauan fiqh mu’āmalah di Desa Tanjung Kulon, Kecamatan Kajen, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Sumber yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data hasil wawancara</em><em>, observasi, dokumentasi,</em><em> dan data literatur. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pengelola sapi dan pemilik modal. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi non-partisipan, wawancara terstruktur</em><em>, dan dokumentasi. </em><em>Analisis data yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deduktif.</em><em> </em><em>Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa</em><em> </em><em>p</em><em>ra</em><em>ktik “gaduh sapi” di Desa Tanjung Kulon mengikuti kebiasaan masyarakat desa baik dari segi cara pengelolaan, penyediaan modal, dan pembagian keuntungan. Model praktik gaduh yang dilakukan dengan dua acara yaitu penggemukan dan pengembangbiakan. Kerjasama “gaduh sapi” yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana tolong menolong. Praktik kerjasama “gaduh sapi” yang dilakukan masyarakat sudah sesuai dengan aturan fiqh mu’āmalah, yaitu menggunakan akad mu</em><em>ḍ</em><em>ārabah. Pengelola usaha diberi kebebasan oleh pemilik modal untuk mengelola usahanya, mengembangkan tanpa memberi batasan jenis, waktu serta tempat. Modal yang digunakan dalam praktik kerjasama gaduh ini adalah barang yaitu sapi. Hal ini sudah sesuai dengan </em><em>salah satu syarat modal mu</em><em>ḍ</em><em>ārabah </em><em>yaitu</em><em> dapat berbentuk uang atau barang yang dinilai</em><em> (sapi termasuk di dalamnya)</em><em>. Pada waktu akhir pembagian hasil dapat dibedakan dari keuntungan. Dimana modal sapi tetap menjadi hak pemilik modal, selanjutnya hasil penggemukan dan pengembangbiakan yang dibagihasilkan. Ketentuan keuntungan yang dilakukan masyarakat Desa Tanjung Kulon telah sesuai dengan kaidah al-ghunmu bi al-ghurmi. </em><em>Hasil</em><em> penelitian ini juga menegaskan bahwa </em><em>tidak ditemukan</em><em> </em><em>akad yang mengandung gharār</em><em> dalam </em><em>praktik</em><em> </em><em>“gaduh sapi”</em><em> disana.</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Critical Discourse Analysis of the Suicide Bombings at Three Churches in Surabaya on the News Published by Vice.Com

This study aims to reveal vice.com's discourse strategy in reporting the suicide bombings at three churches in Surabaya on 13 May 2018. This action caused many victims, namely 28 people died and 57 people were injured. The presence of mass media facilitates the search and acquisition of information by the public, especially with the emergence of online media. People tend to actively find out about what is going on and the existence of online media makes news very easily accessible to the public. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model is applied to analyze news on vice.com media. Vice.com is an online media based in America-Canada. Vice.com first expanded to Southeast Asia and stopped in Indonesia. This study seeks to examine three levels of analysis in critical discourse analysis, namely: text, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. Vice.com also has an independent position in exposing news without intervention from other parties. This is indicated by the vice.com editor who chooses a diction that tends to have neither negative nor positive connotations. In addition, 26 direct quotes were found in 4 news articles. At the text level, events are delivered coherently and clearly. Media vice.com does not seem to have an agenda to provoke the public regarding this issue because the news tends to only provide information regarding the number of victims. The situation conveyed is related to events, individuals, groups, situations, and others in the text. The role of language in the text used by vice.com editors is to educate audiences to understand the realities that actually happen easily. At the discourse practice level, the news production system has freedom in the news production process and there is no intervention from the capital owner to directly affect the reporting of the case. At the level of sociocultural practice, media vice.com puts forward a controlled, safe and peaceful situation in the socio-political area of Surabaya.

The Arrangement Of Rights And Obligations In The Implementation Of Akad Syirkah Mudharabah Ayam Geprek Sa’i In Yogyakarta

This research discusses about Akad Syirkah Mudharabah Ayam Geprek Sa'i conducted between the brand owner and the capital owner, where the agreement is an alliance that uses Akad Syirkah Mudharabah and a profit-making system with the aim of conducting a business activity of fast food restaurant culinary business. In the Akad Syirkah Mudharabah Ayam Geprek Sa'i there are also weaknesses that cause problems in its implementation, including vagueness about the arrangement of rights and obligations for the parties itself. The purpose of this research is to find the arrangement of rights and obligations in the implementation of Akad Syirkah Mudharabah Ayam Geprek Sa'i in Yogyakarta. This research was conducted using empirical normative research methods that are based on the regulation of Akad Syirkah Mudharabah Ayam Geprek Sa'i then compare it by looking at the facts that occur and looking at the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia and arranged using qualitative methods, with using systematically arranged and descriptive explanation. The results of this research is the arrangement of rights and obligations stipulated in Article 6 of the Akad Syirkah Mudharabah Ayam Geprek Sa'i in Yogyakarta, but have not yet proceeded in accordance with the existing regulations that has been agreed in the agreement

APLIKASI SYIRKAH BERBASIS BAGI HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN NELAYAN: PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL EKONOMI

Fenomena kemiskinan yang dialami oleh sebagian nelayan pesisir pantai Lhokseumawe disebabkan faktor ekonomi dan sosial, sehingga para nelayan tidak mampu mendapatkan pendapatan yang layak dan akses pendidikan yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik bagi hasil tangkapan ikan nelayan, aplikasi syirkah pada praktik bagi hasil tersebut di kalangan nelayan Kota Lhokseumawe serta melihat berbagai fenomena kemiskinan pada nelayan di Kecamatan Banda Sakti, kota Lhokseumawe Aceh. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa praktik bagi hasil tangkapan ikan yang ada dikalangan nelayan Kecamatan Banda Sakti melibatkan dua pihak sebagai pemberi modal yaitu toke boat dan toke bangku dan selanjutnya di kelola oleh pihak rakan meupakat beserta pawang (nahkoda laut). Aplikasi syirkah terletak pada kerjasama dan kesepakatan dari percampuran modal kedua pihak toke boat dan toke bangku yang kemudian dikelola bersama dengan pihak pengelola. [The phenomena related to the poverty experienced by most fishermen in the coastal areas of Lhokseumawe were caused by the economic and sosial factors. Thus, the fisherman were then unable to obtain reasonable income and adequate education. This research aims at revealing the profit sharing and syirkah (cooperation) practices related to the fish caught by the local fishermen in Lhokseumawe as well as the phenomena of poverty experienced by the fishermen in Banda Sakti sub-district of Lhokseumawe. This research used a descriptive-qualitative method with various research fields. The results of this research showed that the profit sharing practices related to the fish caught by the local fishermen in Lhokseumawe involved both parties consisting of capital providers called toke boet (boat owner) and toke bangku (capital owner) which were then managed by the rakan meupakat and pawang. The syirkah was practiced due to the cooperation and agreement related to the boat and capital made by toke boet and toke bangku which were mutually managed by the managers until the processes of fish caught by the local fishermen were well completed.]

INVESTASI PADA REKSADANA SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

This article has the purpose to explain and analyze sharia investment activities in Indonesia. Investment has become one of the most popular economic activities in several developed countries, so far it has been common in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Islamic mutual fund is an interesting activity for people who will invest their wealth on the trading floor in accordance with sharia rules. As Sharia mutual funds are a means or container used to collect funds from the public which will then be invested in a portfolio of securities that is assisted by the investment manager. In this case, the securities portfolio can be in the form of money market instruments, stocks, bonds, or a combination of several forms of them. The operational me­chanism in sharia mutual funds consists of two channels, first, the contract between the capital owner and the investment manager is implemented with a wakalah system. Secondly, investment managers and investment users are held in a mudharabah agreement. The basic principle in sharia mutual funds is the mudharabah or qiradh principle, which means an activity in which the capital owner gives a portion of his property to others who are competent to be further managed with the provision that the profits to be obtained from the management results are divided according to the conditions that have been agreed by both parties in advance. Keywords: investment, Islamic mutual funds.

KERJASAMA DAN BAGI HASIL ANTARA PEMILIK MODAL DENGAN PETANI KERAMBA IKAN NILA DI SUNGAI KAPUAS KOTA PONTIANAK

The main problem faced by cage farmers in running their business is that some of them have enough capital to build a productive business, but they do not have the skills to do it. Some have no capital but have the skills to work as cage farmers. On this basis, they then collaborated. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The study was conducted in the Kapuas River, Tambelan Sampit Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City. The location selection was done purposively with the consideration that the area is a large area with tilapia fish farmers. The results showed that the cooperation carried out by capital owners with cage farmers in Tambelan Sampit village, the equipment used for the business came from owners of capital, while cage farmers as workers. In the collaboration, there is an unwritten agreement but it is well known in general that cage farmers do not share the risk if there is a loss, cage farmers also do not bear the costs of repairs if there is damage to the equipment used during the business. The amount of profit-sharing is determined based on mutual agreement, namely, profit divided by a 50% margin for 50% cage farmers for capital owners. Actions taken if one of the parties feels aggrieved include deciding the working relationship that can be carried out by the capital owner to the cage farmers in Tambelan Sampit already done based on or in accordance with the Islamic concept. Conformity is meant especially when compared with the principles of Muamalah taught by Islam. Keyword: Capital Owners, Cooperation, Farmers

Impact of digital economic liberalization and capitalization in the era of industrial revolution 4.0: case study in Indonesia

The change of trends in the global industrial revolution has impacted various advances in the economic and industrial system until the realization of a liberalization system and capitalization of the global economy. This study aims to examine the impact of the liberalization and capitalization of the digital economy on the middle class, working class, and lower class societies in one of the developing countries in the Southeast Asian region, Indonesia. The methodology used in this study is a descriptive qualitative analysis approach, based on data obtained from official sources and literature studies. The class disparity between the capital owner class, middle class and working-lower class, poverty, and forms of social inequality in the structure of society is increasingly apparent. At present, the emergence of an era known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0 led to the change of social and economic trends towards more advanced systems. This study assumed the changes in the patterns and forms of economic liberalization and capitalization that were previously implemented traditionally towards digital system through opening new online markets platform. The study also argues that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 differently impacted the middle class, working class, and lower class society in developing countries, particularly Indonesia.

REPRESENTASI HEGEMONI KEKUASAAN PADA ZAMAN KOLONIAL DAN ORDE BARU DALAM NOVEL 'BALADA SUPRI'

The purpose of this research is to describe the social structures and the forms of power as well as their repetition from colonial era to New Order. This study used a sociological approach to literature with the theory of power hegemony proposed by Gramsci. This research was a type of descriptive-qualitative research. The data in this research are narratives, dialogues, and monologues quoted from the novel Balada Supri written by Mochamad Nasrullah. The results of this research showed that in the colonial era, th social structure consisted of colonizer and colonized group whereas in New Order era, there were government official group, which was supported by the capital owner group, and ordinary people group. In regard with the form of power, colonial era showed the dominance of violence and hegemony that was countered by native resistance through violence sas well. Meanwhile, in New Order era, there appeared to be violence and hegemony dominance with the resistance in the form of hegemony over intellectuals. On the other hand, the social structure and the form of power in the colonial era, particularly the dominance of violence, still continued in New Order era and was termed as neocolonialism.

PEMBEBANAN JAMINAN ATAS BENDA BENDA TIDAK BERGERAK DALAM KONTRAK PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAHPERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 4 TAHUN 1996 TENTANG HAK TANGGUNGAN

<p>The imposition of collateral for immovable objects, especially land in mudharabah financing contracts, is preceded by making a guarantee contract to the capital owners. The purpose is to fulfil the implementation of obligation payment, even though there must not be collateral in mudharabah financing contract. Therefore, the guarantee of liability means that the collateral at any time can be confiscated and sold by the capital owner to repay the obligation. This study aims to find a comprehensive solution about how and what is the purpose of imposing collateral for immovable objects which are originally not part of mudharabah financing contracts principles. Empirical juridical research method is employed where law is not only considered as law in books but also in action with legal regulation approach, namely the 1996 Law Number 4 concerning Mortgage Rights. The results indicate that the collateral imposition for immovable objects in mudharabah financing contract refers to the aforementioned law concerning mortgage rights which aims at applying the precautionary and risk principles based on the 2008 Law Number 21 concerning Sharia Banking.</p><p>Pembebanan jaminan atas benda-benda tidak bergerak khususnya tanah dalam kontrak pembiayaan mudharabahlebih dahulu dilakukan kontrak pemberian jaminan kepada pemilik modal dengan tujuan untuk pemenuhanpelaksanaan pembayaran kewajiban, sekalipun pada prinsipnya dalam kontrak pembiayaan mudharabah tidak dibenarkan ada jaminan.Untuk itu pembebanan jaminan hak tanggungan dengan sendirinya telah meletakkan kebendaannya di mana setiap saat dapat disita dan dijual oleh pemilik modal untuk mengembalikan pelunasan kewajiban dalam kontrak pembiayaan mudharabah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari solusi secara komprehensif tentang bagaimana dan apa tujuan dilakukan pembebanan jaminan atas benda tidak bergerak dalam kontrak pembiayaan mudharabahyang pada prinsipnya tidak dibenarkan. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tersebut metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis empiris di mana hukum tidak hanya dilihat sebagai law in books tetapi juga law in action dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu UU No. 4 Tahun 1996 Tentang Hak Tanggungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembebanan jaminan atas benda-benda tidak bergerak dalam kontrak pembiayaan mudharabah mengacu kepada UU No. 4 Tahun 1996 tentang hak tanggungan, dengan tujuan untuk menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian dan prinsip risiko sesuai dengan amanat Undang-undang No. 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perbankan Syariah.</p>