O contato vaca-bezerro pós nascimento e o sistema de produção leiteira – revisão de literatura

Animal Welfare (BEA) is a practice that is in great evidence today and that began to be applied in the 60s, through the dissemination of the book Animals Machines, by Ruth Harrison and formation of the Brambell committee, in the United Kingdom United. The purpose of the publication was to sensitize readers and the population to a less anthropocentric view of animal production, through the proclamation of proven information that animals of other species are sentient beings, and that domestication is a transformative attitude capable of modifying , intrinsically, its genome with direct result in the production chain. In livestock farming, raising dairy heifers is of great importance for world production and the country's economy, as it is the area of agribusiness that employs the most and grows in Brazil, and therefore, careful care in the first hours after birth and throughout the period of breastfeeding are essential for a healthy physical development of these animals, as well as an adequate behavioral response for the species with an excellent economic result.

The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease

With the world’s population ageing, the incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is on the rise. In recent years, inflammatory processes have emerged as prominent contributors to the pathology of PD. There is great evidence that microglia have a significant neuroprotective role, and that impaired and over activated microglial phenotypes are present in brains of PD patients. Thereby, PD progression is potentially driven by a vicious cycle between dying neurons and microglia through the instigation of oxidative stress, mitophagy and autophagy dysfunctions, a-synuclein accumulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Hence, investigating the involvement of microglia is of great importance for future research and treatment of PD. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent findings concerning the microglia-neuronal interplay in PD with a focus on human postmortem immunohistochemistry and single-cell studies, their relation to animal and iPSC-derived models, newly emerging technologies, and the resulting potential of new anti-inflammatory therapies for PD.

The Other as My Equal

The tremendous human capacity to “love” one another is, in my opinion, the strongest evidence both for the existence of God and for the relationship that God intends for human beings to have with God and with each other. At the same time, the human capacity for envy, hate, aggression, and violating the dignity of “other” humans is similarly great evidence that something is horribly wrong − human beings fail to maintain the intended relationship with God and each other. God’s intention does not change, but we forgetful human beings lose sight of it from time to time. This problem is at the root of human alienation from God and others that leaves us isolated, oblivious, suspicious and fearful.This paper intends to provide a framework that allows us to see the source of the problem, to explore some of the causes for human alienation from each other and creation, and to find ways to heal the gap between ourselves and the rest of God’s creation. I believe that all struggles, oppressions and sufferings result from this alienation, and a substantial mission of all religions, at least the Abrahamic religions, is to heal this divide by seeing the other as one’s equal.

Ensino de Inglês e deficiência: um balanço da produção científica no Brasil (English teaching and disability: the Brazilian scientific production)

Based on the historical-dialectical-cultural materialism, the article aims to present an analysis of the Brazilian scientific production about the teaching of English to students with disabilities in Brazil. The article focuses on the dissertations and theses from graduate programs in Education and Literature/Linguistics between 2000 and 2016 in the whole country. From data drawn from the Sucupira Platform and the websites of the programs of the areas, a survey of all the works was conducted and 46,256 works were cataloged. Out of all the results, 20 dissertations and 3 theses had the focus sought. The 20 works that were available were analyzed. In terms of contexts, results show that there is great evidence of the concentration of graduate programs in the Southeast and South of the country, highlighting the need to promote postgraduate programs in the other regions of the country. The analyzes of the works indicate: lack of the theoretical backgrounds to support the researches; a contradiction between the concept of education and disabilities; an indication of the teacher as incapable of teaching; the perception of segregation as the best option for students with disabilities; and the need of examples of activities that may be adapted by teacher when teaching students with disabilities.Resumo A partir do materialismo histórico-dialético-cultural, objetiva-se apresentar um balanço da pesquisa sobre ensino de inglês para pessoas com deficiência no Brasil. O balanço tem como foco as dissertações e teses defendidas em programas de pós-graduação em Educação e Letras/Linguística no período 2000 – 2016 em todo o país. Por meio da Plataforma Sucupira e das páginas dos programas de pós-graduação dessas áreas, realizou-se um levantamento dos trabalhos defendidos e catalogou-se 46.256 trabalhos. Destes, 20 dissertações e três teses tinham o foco procurado. Acessou-se e analisou-se 20 trabalhos que estavam disponíveis. Os procedimentos de análise de dados foram divididos em dois momentos: análise contextual e análise conceitual. Os resultados indicam a concentração da pós-graduação nessas áreas no Sudeste e Sul do país, evidenciando a necessidade do atendimento público à pós-graduação nas outras regiões. As análises tinham como objetivo principal apontar as possíveis contradições entre o papel da pesquisa como fonte de crítica e a transposição ou conservação da ordem social vigente. Os resultados das análises dos trabalhos indicam: o esvaziamento teórico da pesquisa; a contradição entre a concepção da deficiência e as propostas de ensino; a indicação do professor como incapaz de ensinar; a percepção da segregação como melhor opção e; a necessidade de pesquisas que proponham atividades para ensino de inglês para alunos com deficiência.Palavras-chave: Linguística aplicada, Educação especial, Ensino de inglês.Keywords: Applied linguistics, Special education, English teaching.ReferencesBUENO, J. G. S. Políticas de Escolarização de alunos com deficiência. In: MELETTI, S. M. F.; BUENO, J. G. S. Políticas Públicas, escolarização de alunos com deficiência e a pesquisa educacional. Araraquara, SP: Junqueira&Marin, 2013.EAGLETON, T. Marxismo e crítica literária. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2011.ENGELS, F. Anti-Dühring: a revolução da ciência segundo o senhor Eugen Dühring. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2015.HELLER, A. O cotidiano e a História. São Paulo/Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 2016.INSTITUTO Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Censo demográfico 2010: características gerais da população. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2012.JORDÃO, C. M. ILA-ILF-ILE-ILG: quem dá conta? Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, v. 14, n. 1, p. 13-40, 2014.KLEIMAN, A. B. Agenda de pesquisa e ação em Linguística Aplicada: problematizações. In: MOITA LOPES, L. P. da (Org.). Linguística Aplicada na modernidade recente: Festschrift para Antonieta Celani. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2013.LIMA, D. C. (Org.). Inglês em escolas públicas não funciona: uma questão, múltiplos olhares. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2011.MARTINS, J. S. A sociedade vista do abismo: novos estudos sobre exclusão, pobreza e classes sociais. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 2012.MARX, K. O Capital (Livro I). São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.MARX, K.; ENGELS, F. Manifesto do Partido Comunista. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2008.MARX, K.; ENGELS, F. Cultura, arte e literatura. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2010.MARX, K.; ENGELS, F. A ideologia alemã: crítica da mais recente filosofia alemã em seus representantes. Feuerbach, B. Bauer e Stiner, e do socialismo alemão em seus diferentes profetas. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2015.MÉSZÁROS, I. A educação para além do Capital. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2008.MÉSZÁROS, I. Para além do Capital: rumo a uma teoria da transição. 1. ed. revista. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2011.MÉSZÁROS, I. A Teoria da alienação em Marx. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2016.MOITA LOPES, L. P da. Introdução. Uma linguística aplicada mestiça e ideológica: interrogando o campo como linguista aplicado. In: MOITA LOPES, L. P. da. (Org.). Por uma Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2006a.MOITA LOPES, L. P da. Linguística Aplicada e vida contemporânea: problematização dos construtos que têm orientado a pesquisa. In: MOITA LOPES, L. P. da. (Org.). Por uma Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2006b.MOITA LOPES, L. P da. Introdução. Fotografias da Linguística Aplicada brasileira na modernidade recente: contextos escolares. In: MOITA LOPES, L. P. da. (Org.). Linguística aplicada na modernidade recente: Festschrift para Antonieta Celani. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2013.SEIDHOFER, B. Closing a conceptual gap: the case for a description of English as a lingua franca. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Oslo, v. 11, n. 2, p. 133-158, 2001.VYGOTSKI, L. S. Obras Escogidas V: Fundamentos de Defectología. Madrid, 1997.WILLIAMS, R. Marxismo e literatura. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores, 1979.WILLIAMS, R. Palavras-chave: um vocabulário de cultura e sociedade. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2007.WILLIAMS, R. Cultura e materialismo. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2011.WILLIAMS, R. A Produção Social da Escrita. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2014.WILLIAMS, R. Recursos da Esperança: cultura, democracia, socialismo. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2015.e3280061

Optional Materials of the Printed Liturgiarion [in the Light of Selected Examples from the Kyiv Metropolitanate in the 16th and 17th Century]

In 16th–17th-century’s liturgical books one can find numerous additions regarded as redundant and optional. These paratextual elements are: verbal (e.g., prefaces, dedicational verses or letters, afterwords, introductions), iconic (schemas, illustrations) and both combined. Unnecessary materials in printed liturgiarions apart from the above-mentioned are: teachings of Jan Chrysostom, Basil the Great and Gregory Dialogos – the authors of Divine Liturgy and the short eulogistic compositions about Church Fathers, sometimes accompanied by their images. These additional elements are great evidence of development of liturgical practice, documents certifying intellectual level of Ruthenian clergy and renovating ambitions of hierarchy. For this reason, they should be widely considered as worthy sources in the study about religion reform in the Metropolitanate of Kiev and of a church culture in old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Features Of Islamic State And Politics

Islam is a universal religion and final version of past divine religions. It provides guidance in every sphere of human life. It is the duty of religion to establish a peaceful existence in society. Now a days western and European countries (under modern and western political system) are facing a serious issue of pluralism. They are trying their best to solve it but all in vain. Islam presents a unique political system which is the only solution of such problems. Islamic political system provides peaceful co-existence for pluralistic society. Examples of the period of pious Caliphs is a great evidence in this concern. There are three types of Islamic government, namely Immamat, Immarat, and Khalafat. Furthermore there are three types of Khilafat; general, individual and national Caliphate. Islam provides very clear instructions for the selection of a caliph. Head of Islamic state should be a Muslim. According to Sharia, firm belief on the oneness of Allah and finality of Prophethood in the Prophecy of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) are basic conditions for being a Caliph in an Islamic state. In this political system Allah is the only sovereign of the state. It is the duty of all Muslims to obey Allah, his apostle and ruler of the time. All the matters of the state are discussed in Majlas e Shura. Ruler of the state is answerable before his subjects and Allah almighty. In Islam, politics and religion are not different departments. This article deals with the functions and feature of the Islamic state.

Islam and Economic Development: Exploring the Role of Indonesian Muslim Society in Developing Islamic Microfinance Institution

Although a religion is considered as a one of the cultural barriers that can impede an economic development, nevertheless in this paper I prove that Islam as well as Muslim society has a big role to empower economic life in Indonesian Muslim. The growth of Bayt al-Māl wa al-Tamwīl (BMT), Islamic microfinance institution, initiated by Muslim community is a great evidence on how religioun gave a positive impact in economic development in Indonesia. Using the theory of collective action proposed by Alberto Melucci, I explore the main factors that influenced Muslims to establish BMT, and how BMT movement develops in Indonesian Muslim society. Overall, in this paper I argue that the BMT movement can be considered as a social movement where the civil society takes more important role than the state. Interestingly, the lack of regulation is not becoming an obstacle for Muslim society to establish and develop BMT in some regions in Indonesia.

Several Fruit Characteristics of Rosa sp. Genotypes from the Northeastern Region of Romania

There is great evidence regarding the beneficial influence of rose hips on human and animal health. In this respect, fruits of native populations of Rosa spp. collected from the northeastern part of Romania (400-1060 m altitude) were assayed for nutritional and some morphological properties, in order to select the best genotypes. The results show a great quantitative variability of analyzed genotypes, regarding dimensions and biochemical indicators as follow: ascorbic acid: 866.91 mg/100 g fw (R. rubiginosa), 615.98 mg/100 g fw (R. caesia); carotenes: 34.95 mg/100 g fw (R. subcanina), 24.64 mg/100 g fw (R. nitidula); protein content: 0.47 g/100 g fw (R. micrantha), 0.25 g/100 g fw (R. caesia); total sugars: 17.63 g/100 g fw (R. andegavensis), 11.55 g/100 g fw (R. caryophyllacea). The fruits length, width and dry weight were: 25 mm (R. canina), 12 mm (R. micrantha), 16.5 mm (R. corymbifera), 8 mm (R. micrantha) and 25% dry weight (R. rubiginosa), 38% dry weight (R. nitidula), respectively. The present study demonstrates the existence of a rich rose germplasm source in north-east area, with good biotechnological fruit quality, which recommends them as functional foods according to their chemical contents (R. rubiginosa, R. vosagiaca, R. subcanina, R. canina and R. caryophyllacea) and also as sources for natural colorants in food technology.