Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Theileriosis in Cattle  Calves

The present investigation was carried out among ten cross-bred Cattle calves of age between 1-5 months which were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner with the history of anorexia, high fever, diarrhoea and tick infestation. Upon clinical examination pale mucous membrane, enlarged prescapular lymph nodes and increase in respiration rate and pulse rate were found. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein in vacutainers containing EDTA for haemogram. Microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood smears revealed piroplasms in erythrocytes and lymph node aspirate smears revealed presence of schizonts (Koch’s blue bodies) in lymphocytes. Upon haematological examination it revealed that the decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and lymphocytes, however increase in total leukocyte count and neutrophils. After confirmation of Theileriosis in calves Buparvaquone was administered at the dose rate of 1ml/20kg body weight via intramuscular route. Eight calves were very well responded to the treatment but two calves were eventually died due to severe anaemia.

Download Full-text

Therapeutic management of blood transfusion reaction in a crossbred cow

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.10271 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

N. Chand ◽

P. S. Dhaliwal ◽

S. K. Uppal

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Tick Infestation ◽

The Body ◽

Transfusion Reaction ◽

Pale Mucous Membrane ◽

Blood Smear Examination ◽

The Face ◽

History Of ◽

Veterinary Hospital ◽

Crossbred Cow

A crossbred cow aged 6 year was presented to Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the Institute with the history of fever, tick infestation, anemia and decreased milk yield since last 10 days. Clinical examination revealed fever, pale mucous membrane and nil rumen motility. Hematological examination findings were anemia, leucopenia, relative neutrophilia and lymphopenia and decreased platelets. Blood smear examination revealed Anaplasma Marginale infection. Animal was treated with blood transfusion, oxytetracyclin, oral hematinic and multivitamin. After half an hour of start of transfusion, cow showed transfusion reaction in the form of urticarial eruptions all over the body, edema of eyelids, lips and over the face, frothy discharge from mouth with muscle tremor and shivering. Transfusion reaction was successfully managed with Adrenalin, Dexona, Avil along with normal saline.

Download Full-text

Comparative pathological changes in sheep infected with Theileria annulata and non-infected control

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.16064 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 629

Author(s):

W. AKHTER ◽

A. ASLAM ◽

M. U. REHMAN ◽

H. U. REHMAN ◽

I. RASHID ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leukocyte Count ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Theileria Annulata ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Proteins ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Peripheral Blood Smears

The hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological variations were compared in sheep naturally infected with Theileria annulata and healthy control group. Peripheral blood smears of 300 suspected sheep were observed for the presence of Theileria by microscopy (24%) and confirmed through PCR (34%). The PCR confirmed samples were used for further studies and showed significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte counts, total leukocyte count, serum total proteins, creatinine and glucose (P < 0.05) as compared to healthy control. Similarly a significant increase was recorded in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P< 0.05) as compared to non-infected sheep. Histopathological changes revealed edema and severe depletion of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. The present study concluded that ovine theileriosis was linked with some pathological alterations in blood and tissues which could be helpful in the diagnosis of disease.

Download Full-text

Haematological findings in 158 cows with acute toxic mastitis with a focus on the leukogram

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/s13028-021-00576-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ueli Braun ◽

Christian Gerspach ◽

Barbara Riond ◽

Carina Oschlies ◽

Sabrina Corti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leukocyte Count ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Bacteriological Culture ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Left Shift ◽

Segmented Neutrophil ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Biochemical Examination ◽

Acute Toxic

Abstract Background In cows with acute toxic mastitis (ATM), the leukogram aids in the assessment of the severity of disease. The goal of our study was to compare the leukogram of 158 cows with ATM (cases) and 168 clinically healthy cows (controls). We hypothesised that the leukograms of surviving and non-surviving cows differ and that there are variables of the leukogram with sufficient prognostic potential to be used in the decision to treat or not to treat a cow with ATM. The cows were examined clinically and underwent haematological and biochemical examination of blood and bacteriological culture of milk samples. Results All cows with ATM had a poor appetite or anorexia, and 34 cows (21.5%) were recumbent. A single quarter was affected in 119 cows (75.3%), two quarters in 37 cows (23.4%) and three quarters in two cows (1.3%). Bacteriological culture showed Gram-negative pathogens in 100 cows (63.3%), Gram-positive in 15 (9.5%) and yeast in 4 (2.5%). The median total leukocyte count of cases was 4300 cells/µL (interquartile range = 2300–8200/µL), which was significantly lower than 8000 cells/µL (6525–9300/µL) in controls. Except for band neutrophils and metamyelocytes, the counts of all components of the leukogram were lower in cases compared with controls. Significantly more cows with ATM had leukopenia (60.1 vs. 4.1%) or leukocytosis (10.1 vs. 3.0%) than controls. Diseased cows had significantly lower segmented neutrophil counts than controls (860 vs. 2598 cells/µL), and 69.5 and 17.3%, respectively, had counts below the reference interval. Cases had increased band (77.3%) and metamyelocyte (25.0%) counts compared with controls (0.6 and 0%, respectively). In diseased cows, eosinopenia occurred in 66.4% (controls, 1.8%), monocytopenia in 40.6% (4.2%) and lymphopenia in 60.2% (1.8%). Twenty-one diseased cows (16.4%) had a regenerative and 57 (44.5%) had a degenerative left shift. The median neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 0.97 in diseased cows and 0.63 in controls. Toxic changes in neutrophils including cytoplasmic basophilia and vacuolisation were seen in 101 (91.8%) of 110 blood smears of diseased cows. The leukogram of the surviving and non-surviving cows did not differ significantly, and the hypothesis was rejected. Conclusions ATM results in severe changes in the leukogram particularly leukopenia, lymphopenia, and degenerative left shift. The hypothesis that the leukograms of surviving and non-surviving cows differ was rejected. The leukogram has not sufficient prognostic potential to be used in the decision to treat or not to treat a cow with ATM.

Download Full-text

Detection of Babesia spp by using of Acridine Orange and Giemsa Stain with Study of its Effect on Blood Picture in Local Breed Cows.

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.2.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Acridine Orange ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Blood Picture ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Local Breed ◽

Acridine Orange Staining ◽

Fluorescent Microscope ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Babesia Spp

This study was conducted to diagnose of Babesia spp by using fluorescent microscope and light microscope, the study also included evaluating of Hemogram (RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCHC, Total Leukocyte Count, Differential Leukocyte Count) in cows infected with Babesia spp which cause piroplasmosis. The study included examination of 60 local breed Cows from many districts of Mosul city from the beginning of February 2018 until the end of July 2018, 17 were clinically infected with piroplasmosis and the infection was confirmed by using Giemsa and Acridine orange staining blood smears, and 10 cows were clinically intact and served as control. the results indicated that the percentage of the infection with Babesia spp was 28.33%, and the percentage of parasitemia ranged between (5-23%) with mean of (12.57%). The Results showed a statistical significant decrease (P<0.05) in RBC, Hb, and PCV values of diseased animals, Normocytic Normochromic type of anemia was found, the results also indicated a significant decrease in total Leukocyte count and neutrophil, with significant increase in lymphocytes number. the results also indicated non-significant changes in Eosinophil, Basophil and Monocyte numbers.

Download Full-text

Complication profile of scrub typhus and its association with total leucocyte count

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20164585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Palak Gupta ◽

Umesh Gurjar ◽

B. S. Sharma ◽

M. L. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Scrub Typhus ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Total Leucocyte Count ◽

Chi Square ◽

Medical College ◽

History Of ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Demographic Background

Background: Recent reports from several parts of India indicate that there is a resurgence of scrub typhus. There have been a few studies analysing the association of various complications of scrub typhus with leukocyte count. The objective of this study was to study the association of various complications of scrub typhus with leukocyte count in children.Methods: A prospective study done at SPMCHI, SMS Medical College, Jaipur from August 2014 to November 2014. 75 Scrub typhus positive children were included in the study group. A detailed history of signs, symptoms, complications, demographic background was taken and relevant laboratory investigations done. The association between the complications of scrub and the total leukocyte count was studied, statistical analysis was done using Chi Square test.Results: Meningoencephalitis was most commonly seen complication in 14.7% followed by ARDS (9.3%), hepatitis (8%), AKI (6.7%), shock (6.7%) and myocarditis (1.3%). Meningoencephalitis and acute renal failure were more frequent among Scrub Typhus cases with leucopenia (p = 0.006, P = 0.011 respectively). It was observed that hepatitis was more frequent with leukocytosis, but was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Our study revealed that leukopenia has a significant association with meningoencephalitis and acute kidney injury.

Download Full-text

Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

Evolution Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.1093/emph/eoaa022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 114-128

Author(s):

Carmen Hové ◽

Benjamin C Trumble ◽

Amy S Anderson ◽

Jonathan Stieglitz ◽

Hillard Kaplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leukocyte Count ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Future Research ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Ecological Conditions ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Usa ◽

Immunological Changes ◽

Fetal Antigens ◽

Pathogen Exposure

Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

Download Full-text

Brightfield and fluorescence in-channel staining of thin blood smears generated in a pumpless microfluidic

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/d1ay00195g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kokou S. Dogbevi ◽

Paul Gordon ◽

Kimberly L. Branan ◽

Bryan Khai D. Ngo ◽

Kevin B. Kiefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Peripheral Blood Smears ◽

Thin Blood Smears

Effective staining of peripheral blood smears which enhances the contrast of intracellular components and biomarkers is essential for the accurate characterization, diagnosis, and monitoring of various diseases such as malaria.

Download Full-text

IJV thrombophlebitis: be wary of the occult

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-238813 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e238813

Author(s):

Pamela Oshinyemi ◽

Charlotte Lee ◽

Antony Gough-Palmer ◽

Iain McKay-Davies

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Palliative Chemotherapy ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Occult Malignancy ◽

Night Sweats ◽

History Of ◽

Nose And Throat

A 43-year-old woman was referred to the Ear, Nose and Throat Department with a 3-day history of left-sided neck pain and swelling associated with fevers and night sweats. She also reported a cough, oral thrush and a dental extraction more than a month previously. A CT scan of the neck with contrast revealed left internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombophlebitis and the patient was initially managed for suspected Lemierre’s syndrome. Subsequent investigations revealed a locally advanced metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma as the cause of her thrombosis, which was deemed inoperable. The patient was referred to oncology and commenced on palliative chemotherapy.The incidence of thrombophlebitis in patients with cancer is high. Although the IJV is a relatively uncommon site of thrombus formation, IJV thrombophlebitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. As it may be the first manifestation of an occult malignancy, a neoplastic cause should always be considered.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF EPINEPHRINE ON THE LEUKOCYTE COUNTS OF NORMAL SUBJECTS

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v5.8.723.723 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 723-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

COLIN WHITE ◽

TSUIN HWA LING ◽

ARNOLD M. KLEIN

Keyword(s):

Eosinophil Count ◽

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Total Count ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

History Of ◽

Leukocyte Counts ◽

Adrenocortical Hormone ◽

The One

Abstract 1. Thirty-seven normal subjects were given subcutaneous injections of epinephrine, ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg., and the effects on the leukocytes were noted. 2. The neutrophils rose steadily for the three and one-half hours during which blood counts were made. The small lymphocytes rose in the first half hour, then fell below normal and finally returned towards normal. The eosinophils rose at first and then fell below normal for the remainder of the period. 3. The three doses of epinephrine used produced effects which differed quantitatively but not qualitatively. The most readily identified effect of the smallest dose was the one-half hour rise in lymphocytes or the one-half hour rise in total count. A dose of 0.5 mg. is satisfactory for work of this kind. 4. Subjects with a history of allergy showed a greater tendency than the remainder to exhibit a one-half hour rise in the eosinophil count. 5. The changes in the leukocyte count produced by epinephrine are similar to, but not identical with, those produced by adrenocortical hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Download Full-text