Organic N‐Type Molecule: Managing the Electronic States of Bulk Perovskite for High‐Performance Photovoltaics

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (36) ◽  
pp. 2001788
Author(s):  
Haiyang Chen ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
Guiying Xu ◽  
Weijie Chen ◽  
Shuhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Type Molecule

scholarly journals Electronic structure and thermal conductance of the MASnI3/Bi2Te3 interface: a first-principles study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Morimoto ◽  
Shoya Kawano ◽  
Shotaro Miyamoto ◽  
Koji Miyazaki ◽  
Shuzi Hayase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
First Principles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Interfacial Thermal Conductance ◽  
Interface Structures

AbstractTo develop high-performance thermoelectric devices that can be created using printing technology, the interface of a composite material composed of MASnI3 and Bi2Te3, which individually show excellent thermoelectric performance, was studied based on first-principles calculations. The structural stability, electronic state, and interfacial thermal conductance of the interface between Bi2Te3 and MASnI3 were evaluated. Among the interface structure models, we found stable interface structures and revealed their specific electronic states. Around the Fermi energy, the interface structures with TeII and Bi terminations exhibited interface levels attributed to the overlapping electron densities for Bi2Te3 and MASnI3 at the interface. Calculation of the interfacial thermal conductance using the diffuse mismatch model suggested that construction of the interface between Bi2Te3 and MASnI3 could reduce the thermal conductivity. The obtained value was similar to the experimental value for the inorganic/organic interface.

scholarly journals Organic N-fertilizer, rhizobacterial inoculation and fungal compost improve nutrient uptake, plant growth and the levels of vindoline, ajmalicine, vinblastine, catharanthine and total alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Hashemabadi ◽  
Fatemeh Sabzevari ◽  
Behzad Kaviani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Biological Treatments

Abstract The aim of the study was to replace mineral fertilizers with organic and biological fertilizers to improve nutrient uptake, plant growth and the concentrations of some important secondary metabolites in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.). Periwinkle plants were grown under different rates of N supply (0, 20 and 40 mg kg−1 soil) and biological treatments (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Azospirillum plus Azotobacter, Azospirillum plus fungal compost, Azotobacter plus fungal compost, and fungal compost). The concentrations of pigments and nutrients were measured by spectrophotometry and flame photometry. Secondary metabolites were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were recorded for plant growth and development parameters, nutrient uptake and some secondary metabolites of periwinkle plants. The results showed that the N-fertilizer and biological treatments significantly improved most growth attributes and nutrient uptake and increased the concentrations of secondary metabolites as compared to the control. Maximum concentrations of root ajmalicine (0.54 mg g−1 DW), leaf vinblastine (0.96 mg g−1 DW) and root catharanthine (2.38 mg g−1 DW) were obtained from the treatment with Azospirillum under N-fertilizer at 20 and 40 mg kg−1 soil. Azotobacter along with fungal compost under N-fertilizer at 40 mg kg−1 soil induced the maximum concentration of leaf vindoline (1.94 mg g−1 DW). The highest concentration of root alkaloids (1.11 mg g−1 DW) was obtained from the treatment with compost under 40 mg N kg−1 soil. Azospirillum, Azotobacter and fungal compost combined with the N-fertilizer improved many morphological and nutrient characteristics. In conclusion, the growth and metabolism of C. roseus were significantly positively affected by the organic and biological fertilizers.

NiCo2O4@rGO hybrid nanostructures on Ni foam as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5912-5919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Xinpei Geng ◽  
Shaolong Tang ◽  
Mingsen Deng ◽  
Youwei Du
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructures ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Surface And Interface

Pseudocapacitors store energy on/near the surface of electrode materials through redox reactions, whose capacitive activity thus depends on the electronic states of the surface and interface, and electronic conductivity of electrode materials.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Postharvest Changes in Amino Acid Composition in ‘Crimson Crisp’ Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Response to Summer Foliar Urea Applications

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Derek J. Plotkowski ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Foliar Urea

Insufficient biologically available nitrogen (N) for yeast is a persistent issue facing cidermakers, whose apple juice base usually does not provide adequate nutrition for a complete fermentation. Cidermakers often supplement their juice with additional yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the cellar to aid fermentation. The development of biologically available N in apple juice is not well understood. In this study, juice samples from ‘Crimson Crisp®’ apples were taken at several sampling dates in the 2016, 2017, and 2018 growing seasons and analyzed for YAN using formol titration and high-performance liquid chromatography. It was observed that while the total YAN concentration in these apples drops from the period shortly after fruit set to the end of summer, YAN remains stable from several weeks before harvest until the date of harvest. The total YAN did not change after a 6-week postharvest storage period. By contrast, the individual amino acid components of YAN do change during this period. This experiment shows that foliar urea sprays in ‘Crimson Crisp®’ produce an increase in organic N in the juice, mostly in the form of asparagine. Increased organic N impacts yeast growth and sensory characteristics of cider and may be seen as desirable by cider producers.

High performance dual-mode operation asymmetric superlattice infrared photodetector using leaky electronic states

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (20) ◽  
pp. 204501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Pereira ◽  
Germano Maioli Penello ◽  
Mauricio Pamplona Pires ◽  
Deborah Sivco ◽  
Claire Gmachl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Infrared Photodetector ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Mode Operation

A High Performance Energy Analyzer for Use in Electron Scanning Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
M. Isaacson ◽  
D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Electron Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Sector Type ◽  
Double Focusing ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

A double focusing magnetic spectrometer has been constructed for use with a field emission electron gun scanning microscope in order to study the electron energy loss mechanism in thin specimens. It is of the uniform field sector type with curved pole pieces. The shape of the pole pieces is determined by requiring that all particles be focused to a point at the image slit (point 1). The resultant shape gives perfect focusing in the median plane (Fig. 1) and first order focusing in the vertical plane (Fig. 2).

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

Use of the Magnetostatic Analogue In Electromagnetic Lens Engineering

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
John W. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Force Fields ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Scalar Potentials ◽  
Geometric Elements ◽  
At Will

In the design engineering of high performance electromagnetic lenses, the direct conversion of electron optical design data into drawings for reliable hardware is oftentimes difficult, especially in terms of how to mount parts to each other, how to tolerance dimensions, and how to specify finishes. An answer to this is in the use of magnetostatic analytics, corresponding to boundary conditions for the optical design. With such models, the magnetostatic force on a test pole along the axis may be examined, and in this way one may obtain priority listings for holding dimensions, relieving stresses, etc..The development of magnetostatic models most easily proceeds from the derivation of scalar potentials of separate geometric elements. These potentials can then be conbined at will because of the superposition characteristic of conservative force fields.

Prospects for convergent beam electron diffraction with a 200kV cold field-emission transmission electron microscope

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
J W Steeds ◽  
R Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Good Crystallinity ◽  
Special Modification ◽  
Convergent Beam

We review the analytical powers which will become more widely available as medium voltage (200-300kV) TEMs with facilities for CBED on a nanometre scale come onto the market. Of course, high performance cold field emission STEMs have now been in operation for about twenty years, but it is only in relatively few laboratories that special modification has permitted the performance of CBED experiments. Most notable amongst these pioneering projects is the work in Arizona by Cowley and Spence and, more recently, that in Cambridge by Rodenburg and McMullan.There are a large number of potential advantages of a high intensity, small diameter, focussed probe. We discuss first the advantages for probes larger than the projected unit cell of the crystal under investigation. In this situation we are able to perform CBED on local regions of good crystallinity. Zone axis patterns often contain information which is very sensitive to thickness changes as small as 5nm. In conventional CBED, with a lOnm source, it is very likely that the information will be degraded by thickness averaging within the illuminated area.

Current State of Biological High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Lens Position ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Signal Collection ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new generation of high performance field emission scanning electron microscopes (FSEM) is now commercially available (JEOL 890, Hitachi S 900, ISI OS 130-F) characterized by an "in lens" position of the specimen where probe diameters are reduced and signal collection improved. Additionally, low voltage operation is extended to 1 kV. Compared to the first generation of FSEM (JE0L JSM 30, Hitachi S 800), which utilized a specimen position below the final lens, specimen size had to be reduced but useful magnification could be impressively increased in both low (1-4 kV) and high (5-40 kV) voltage operation, i.e. from 50,000 to 200,000 and 250,000 to 1,000,000 x respectively.At high accelerating voltage and magnification, contrasts on biological specimens are well characterized1 and are produced by the entering probe electrons in the outmost surface layer within -vl nm depth. Backscattered electrons produce only a background signal. Under these conditions (FIG. 1) image quality is similar to conventional TEM (FIG. 2) and only limited at magnifications >1,000,000 x by probe size (0.5 nm) or non-localization effects (%0.5 nm).

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