Morphologic variation in the mandible of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): A study of populational skeletal variation by principal component and canonical analyses

The current classification of scleractinian corals based upon gross morphological features has been found unsatisfactory due to additional information from skeletal microarchitecture and microstructure. It is necessary to investigate microstructural details and limits in morphologic variation within and between different coral clades before a revised classification is constructed. Variations in morphologic characters and microstructural details from a population of Dimorpharaea de Fromentel, 1861 (Family Microsolenidae) from Upper Bathonian (Jumara Dome) strata in Kachchh are described. The data used include the diameter (D) and height (H) of the corallum, number of corallites in the colony (NC), number of septa in the mother corallite at the center of the colony (NS), minimum distance between centers of central corallite and corallite of the inner ring (C1), minimum distance between corallite centers of the outer ring (C2), septal density (DS) and trabecular density (DT). The principal components analysis reveals that most of the variation is explained by “size” related characters (D and H) while corallite density (NC and C1) and septal structures (DS and DT) contribute to the second and third principal component axes, respectively. The microarchitecture and distribution of characters observed in the Kachchh Dimorpharaea require a re-evaluation of familial-specific concepts and suggest that the population belongs to a single species, Dimorpharaea stellans Gregory, 1900, rather than four nominal species (D. stellans, D. distincta, D. continua and D. orbica) as has been assumed.

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Morphological variation between allopatric populations of Steinernema kraussei (Steiner, 1923)(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854100509033 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 143-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Patricia Stock ◽

Zdenek Mrácek ◽

John Webster

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

North American ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Principal Component ◽

Allopatric Populations ◽

The North ◽

Third Stage ◽

Geographic Populations ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Canonical Analyses

AbstractMorphometrics of four Canadian, three US and two European isolates representing distinct geographic populations of Steinernema kraussei (Steiner, 1923) were compared and analysed by multivariate analysis. A total of 540 individuals (270 males and 270 third-stage infective juveniles) representing the nine populations was measured. Fourteen morphometric variables were selected and subjected to principal component and canonical analyses. Results from both analyses indicate that there are morphological differences among the studied isolates, and that these differences are congruent with their geographic origin. The European isolates were shown to be distinctly different from the North American isolates. Within the North American isolates, the western isolates were distinguished from the eastern one (Parishville). No significant differences were observed between the two European isolates studied. Ont été comparées et étudiées par analyse multivariable les caractéristiques morphométriques de quatre isolats canadiens, trois isolats américains et deux isolats européens représentant des populations géographiques distinctes de Steinernema kraussei. Un total de 540 individus (270 mâles et 270 juvéniles infestants de troisième stade) représentant les neuf populations a été mesuré. Quatorze variables morphométriques ont été sélectionnées et soumises à des analyses en composantes principales et canonique. Les résultats des deux analyses montrent qu’il existe des différences morphologiques entre les isolats étudiés et que ces différences sont congruentes avec leur origine géographique. Les isolats européens sont apparus comme étant nettement différents des isolats nordaméricains. Dans le groupe des isolats nord-américains, les isolats de l’ouest ont été différenciés de celui de l’est (Parishville). Aucune différence significative n’a été observé entre les deux isolats européens étudiés.

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Digital Processing of STEM Images

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100097752 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

A. V. Crewe ◽

M. Ohtsuki

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Low Dose ◽

Assembly Language ◽

Processing System ◽

Principal Component ◽

Digital Processing ◽

Image Analysis System ◽

Black And White ◽

Analysis System ◽

Dose Imaging

We have assembled an image processing system for use with our high resolution STEM for the particular purpose of working with low dose images of biological specimens. The system is quite flexible, however, and can be used for a wide variety of images.The original images are stored on magnetic tape at the microscope using the digitized signals from the detectors. For low dose imaging, these are “first scan” exposures using an automatic montage system. One Nova minicomputer and one tape drive are dedicated to this task.The principal component of the image analysis system is a Lexidata 3400 frame store memory. This memory is arranged in a 640 x 512 x 16 bit configuration. Images are displayed simultaneously on two high resolution monitors, one color and one black and white. Interaction with the memory is obtained using a Nova 4 (32K) computer and a trackball and switch unit provided by Lexidata.The language used is BASIC and uses a variety of assembly language Calls, some provided by Lexidata, but the majority written by students (D. Kopf and N. Townes).

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Scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy and principal component analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100133394 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1752-1753

Author(s):

Brian Cross

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

High Speed ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fluorescence Microscope ◽

Acquisition Rate ◽

X Ray ◽

Speed Up

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.

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Quantitative Analysis Of X-Ray Images From Geological Materials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013482x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 244-245

Author(s):

J. M. Paque ◽

R. Browning ◽

P. L. King ◽

P. Pianetta

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Bulk Composition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Analytical Description ◽

Bulk Sample ◽

Geological Samples ◽

X Ray ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

And Storage ◽

Insight Into

Geological samples typically contain many minerals (phases) with multiple element compositions. A complete analytical description should give the number of phases present, the volume occupied by each phase in the bulk sample, the average and range of composition of each phase, and the bulk composition of the sample. A practical approach to providing such a complete description is from quantitative analysis of multi-elemental x-ray images.With the advances in recent years in the speed and storage capabilities of laboratory computers, large quantities of data can be efficiently manipulated. Commercial software and hardware presently available allow simultaneous collection of multiple x-ray images from a sample (up to 16 for the Kevex Delta system). Thus, high resolution x-ray images of the majority of the detectable elements in a sample can be collected. The use of statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), can provide insight into mineral phase composition and the distribution of minerals within a sample.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000685 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hossein Shahinfar ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Nadia Babaei ◽

Samira Davarzani ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Sample ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

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A German version of the Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ): cultural adaptation and validation

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000218 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 333-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kirchberger ◽

Finger ◽

Müller-Bühl

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Intermittent Claudication ◽

Completion Time ◽

Short Form ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

German Version ◽

Average Completion Time ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Related Quality

Background: The Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ) is a short questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The objective of this study was to translate the ICQ into German and to investigate the psychometric properties of the German ICQ version in patients with IC. Patients and methods: The original English version was translated using a forward-backward method. The resulting German version was reviewed by the author of the original version and an experienced clinician. Finally, it was tested for clarity with 5 German patients with IC. A sample of 81 patients were administered the German ICQ. The sample consisted of 58.0 % male patients with a median age of 71 years and a median IC duration of 36 months. Test of feasibility included completeness of questionnaires, completion time, and ratings of clarity, length and relevance. Reliability was assessed through a retest in 13 patients at 14 days, and analysis of Cronbachs alpha for internal consistency. Construct validity was investigated using principal component analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the ICQ scores with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) as well as clinical measures. Results: The ICQ was completely filled in by 73 subjects (90.1 %) with an average completion time of 6.3 minutes. Cronbachs alpha coefficient reached 0.75. Intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was r = 0.88. Principal component analysis resulted in a 3 factor solution. The first factor explained 51.5 of the total variation and all items had loadings of at least 0.65 on it. The ICQ was significantly associated with the SF-36 and treadmill-walking distances whereas no association was found for resting ABPI. Conclusions: The German version of the ICQ demonstrated good feasibility, satisfactory reliability and good validity. Responsiveness should be investigated in further validation studies.

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What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.8.2.97 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 97-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria José Sotelo ◽

Luis Gimeno

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

General Idea ◽

Development Index ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

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Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.27.4.199 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 199-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Peter Hartmann

Keyword(s):

Principal Axis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Principal Component ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Male And Female ◽

Two Samples ◽

Diminishing Returns ◽

The One ◽

Armed Services ◽

Principal Axis Factor

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort ( NLSY 1997 ). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15–24 from the 1979 cohort ( NLSY 1979 ). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996) . The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's “Law of Diminishing Returns.”

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