The Global Economy, National Governments and Supranational Economic Regimes

1998 ◽  
pp. 77-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
National Governments

scholarly journals The Importance of Collaboration and Competition Within and Outside the OECD

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ian Jackson ◽  
John McManus
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
National Governments

The purpose of this paper is to address the role of the OECD in the global marketplace. The paper highlights some current trends in the global market and the changing role of the OECD. In this context, the authors discuss various perspectives on the role of OECD in a globalized world. The authors focus on recent debates on the state of the global economy and the changing position of the OECD in the world market. The authors apply a conceptual approach combined with analyses of data and secondary material. The authors also put forward an argument for investigating what determines competition within and outside the OECD. In this context, creating markets within a global economy requires considerable stimulus on the part of national governments. This necessitates national governments working together in partnership with national and global firms to reduced bureaucracy and increase transparency to boost trade in a cost effective manner. This is seen by some economists to be a prerequisite to future competitiveness. Finally, the authors seek to demonstrate how leading countries within the OECD are building innovative capability to master the challenges and opportunities that the new emerging economies present (such as Brazil).

scholarly journals Dynamics and future of SARS-CoV-2 in the human host

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gillman ◽  
Nuno Crokidakis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New York State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Population Dynamics Model ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Mental Well Being

Forecasting trends in COVID-19 infections is vital for the global economy, national governments and physical and mental well-being. Using the per capita number of new cases as a proxy for the abundance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the number of deaths as a measure of virulence, the dynamics of the pandemic and the outcomes emerging from it are examined for three locations (England, Italy and New York State). The data are analysed with a new version of a population dynamics model that combines exponential/logistic growth with time-varying carrying capacity, allowing predictions of persistence or extinction of the virus. In agreement with coevolutionary theory, the model suggests a transition from exponential virus growth to low abundance, coupled with reduced virulence, during colonisation of the alternate human host. The structure of the model allows a straightforward assessment of key parameters, which can be contrasted with standard epidemiological models and interpreted with respect to ecological and evolutionary processes and isolation policies.

scholarly journals After the Foxconn Suicides in China: A Roundtable on Labor, the State and Civil Society in Global Electronics

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110134
Author(s):  
Jenny Chan ◽  
Greg Distelhorst ◽  
Dimitri Kessler ◽  
Joonkoo Lee ◽  
Olga Martin-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

We seek to tackle myriad problems of a global production system in which China is the world’s largest producer and exporter of consumer electronics products. Dying for an iPhone simultaneously addresses the challenges facing Chinese workers while locating them within the global economy through an assessment of the relationship between Foxconn (the largest electronics manufacturer) and Apple (one of the richest corporations). Eight researchers from Asia, Europe and North America discuss two main questions: How do tech behemoths and the Chinese state shape labor relations in transnational manufacturing? What roles can workers, public sector buyers, non-governmental organizations and consumers play in holding multinational corporations and states accountable for human rights violations and assuring the protection of worker interests? We also reflect on the possibility that national governments, the electronics industry and civil society groups can collaborate to contribute to improved labor rights in China and the world.

scholarly journals Post-corona World: Balancing International Cooperation and National Sovereignty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Stückelberger
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
National Governments

Introduction. National governments play a key role in the Covid-19 Pandemic as they have to lead the national policy, under emergency law. This is the opposite of the globalization boom since the 1990s after the end of the bi-polar world, where many predicted and expected that national governments will no more be important as the global economy will be run by international companies and globalized markets. What is in the post-corona world the relation between national sovereignty and international cooperation? How much cooperation is needed just under the global threat of the pandemic?Materials and methods. This article is based on my presentation at the MGIMO International Conference on 25 May on “Pandemic as a motor of transformation» and on an extensive research over several years on the ethical concept of balancing opposite values, under the term Globalance [3], and applying this concept to thirty sectors of society, in the perspective of the experiences and new realities after the Covid-19 pandemic. The method is classical ethical decision making [See: 4] with a combination of collecting empirical data from social sciences (here only few) and normative orientation on fundamental values, based on philosophical and theological ethical concepts and principles (justifications not elaborated in detail in the article).Study results. The study focusses on the two values freedom and solidarity as value-poles with the ethical goal to show their relationality and balance them. These two values are applied to the poles of international cooperation and national sovereignty.Сonclusion. The Covid-19 pandemic shows the importance of sovereign national governments in handling such a pandemic within its territory and its shows the crucial global cooperation and strong respective multilateral institutions and mechanisms such as the WHO, but also ILO, UNCTAD, migration and refugees organisations, International Telecommunication Union ITU and financial institutions such as IMF and World Bank. A key aspect of Globalance is also the balance between national cybersovereignty and international cooperation for cybersecurity by fighting cybercrime.   

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Business ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Edith Penrose

In 1994 the Academy of International Business elected Edith Penrose an Emeritus Distinguished Fellow of the Academy—an honour only bestowed once before, on Charles Kindleberger. Her distinctive contribution was singled out in two areas; the theory of the growth of the firm and the understanding of the interface between the strategies and activities of international and multinational enterprises and the nation states—particularly the developing countries—in which they operated. The first topic engaged her in the 1950s and early 1960s, the latter in the later 1960s and 1970s. These topics led on to a third; the implications for firms and national governments of the emergence of a more liberalized and closely integrated global economy, which she addressed as a professor emeritus in the 1980s and early 1990s. Her major contribution to the field of economics was ...

scholarly journals The External Component of National Economic Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 425-437
Author(s):  
Olena Bulatova ◽  
Mykola Trofymenko ◽  
Oleksandr Karpenko ◽  
Eduard Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
National Security ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
National Economic ◽  
External Component ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Economic Security

The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of the foreign trade component on the formation of national economic security. Transformations occurring in the world’s economic development, the deterioration of the global financial environment, and increasing geopolitical tensions have intensified the main risks to the development of the global economy in today’s conditions. Therefore, national governments are actively using a wide range of tools to ensure economic growth and the appropriate level of competitiveness of their respective economies while ensuring national security, which is relevant for the study of the external component of national economic security. To achieve the aim, general scientific and specific research methods are used, such as methods of analysis, abstraction and synthesis (in the study of protectionism as a policy and practice, instruments of neo-protectionism); methods of classification and systematic generalization (to systematize the forms of protectionism and neo-protectionism); economic and statistical methods (to assess the impact of foreign trade on the development of national economic security). It is demonstrated that the intensification of the risks to the development of the global economy has led to the transformation of trade policies, changes in the use of foreign trade regulation instruments, which affects the economic security of various countries as a major component of their national security. The modern trade and economic policy toolbox used by various countries to ensure national security is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the development of foreign trade of the EU and Ukraine has been carried out, and the features of the influence of the foreign trade component on the formation of economic security have been determined. It is demonstrated that, in the conditions of a global economic crisis, hidden forms of protectionism implemented at various levels of economic policy (global, regional, national), have spread. A classification of specific features and forms of neo-protectionism, that distinguish it from protectionism, is proposed. It is substantiated that global processes encourage national governments to implement deregulatory measures and improve the quality of institutions, while regulated economies contribute to the spread of corruption and grey areas in national economies.

scholarly journals Stakeholder Engagement in Cultural Organizations: An Explorative Study on Participatory Theatre

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Maria Cleofe Giorgino
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Cultural Organizations ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
National Governments

This article explores the potentialities of the stakeholder engagement framework in the specific context of cultural organizations, underscoring the necessity to develop an interdisciplinary approach that combines the traditional managerial perspective with the contribution offered by other social disciplines, due to the peculiarities of the cultural mission pursued. Specifically, the article aims to investigate on the stakeholder engagement process to verify: a) how it may be adapted to consider the peculiarities of the cultural organizations and their activities; b) why cultural organizations should adopt the framework as here suggested referring to the cultural mission pursued. Combining the literature review with the analysis of a case study of participatory theatre, this article expects: a) to suggest a stakeholder engagement framework that may be specific for cultural organizations and their community; b) to verify its effectiveness in terms of both creation of cultural value and improvement of cultural participation. imes New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA'>reating markets within a global economy requires considerable stimulus on the part of national governments. This necessitates national governments working together in partnership with national and global firms to reduced bureaucracy and increase transparency to boost trade in a cost effective manner. This is seen by some economists to be a prerequisite to future competitiveness. Finally, the authors seek to demonstrate how leading countries within the OECD are building innovative capability to master the challenges and opportunities that the new emerging economies present (such as Brazil).

Molecular Politics in a Global Economy

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wright
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
The Public ◽  
Formal Policy ◽  
Copying Machine ◽  
National Governments

Launched during the heydays of the copying machine and the U.S. sunshine laws and surrounded by controversy from its inception, genetic engineering may be the best documented technology ever to emerge from a laboratory. This essay draws on the pages that flowed forth from formal policy arenas as well as from less accessible places to examine the rise and fall of genetic engineering controls in the United States and Britain. The general argument developed here is that the settling of the issues raised by this field was achieved not through the resolution of technical problems but rather through the exertion of social interests—notably those of national governments, transnational corporations, genetic engineering firms, scientists, and sectors of the public. A synthesis of methods of analysis drawn from critiques of pluralism and from Foucault's analysis of the relation between power and discursive practice is used to assess the relative effects of these interests.

scholarly journals The New Global Economy: Time-Space Compression, Geopolitics, and Global Uneven Development

2001 ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Space Compression ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Transportation Technologies

Two ideas have dominated discussion in recent studies of the social andpolitical impacts of globalization by those who think that globalization has had real e?ects and is not simply a synonym for the neo-liberal policies insti-tuted by many national governments beginning in the 1980s. The ?rst is the idea that everywhere in the world is becoming alike economically and culturally as a consequence of globalization. This is a scaling up from the national to a global scale of the old idea of “modernization.” From this perspective, common global norms about conduct, consumption standards, and cultural practices are spreading everywhere (John Meyer at Stanford University [e.g. Meyer 1996] and his students are perhaps representative of this thrust). This global modernization is often seen as brought about by causes implicit in a second idea, although proponents of the second idea may well not endorse the ?rst or vice versa. This is that current globalization is about the shrinking of the world because of revolutionary changes in communication and transportation technologies. In the long-term this process of “time-space compression” will produce greater economic similarities across places but immediately this need not be the case. Rather, di?erences between places may in fact intensify as involvement in a world of ?ows makes the characteristics of this or that place make the place more competitive globally. In the end, however, di?erent places will establish niches for themselves within the global economy, even if there is dislocation in the short-term.

scholarly journals From The Lisbon Strategy To Europe 2020

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lucian
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Lisbon Strategy ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract The idea of a Western Europe economic recovery occurs after World War II. First as a common market, and later, after enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe as the single internal market. Due to the new challenges with which the global economy was faced, the longterm and short-term European economy needs a coherent growth economic strategy; the success of this strategy depends on joint action. Expanding the European economy is a continuous and irreversible process, yet it advances too slowly. The Lisbon strategy is a commitment to revive the European economy in all sectors. At 5 years after implementation of this strategy it was found that the results are insufficient, so meetings were held to relaunch the Lisbon Strategy. The success of the Lisbon Strategy (2000-2010) established different opinions from European political leaders. Due to the challenges of the globalized world, the objective of the Lisbon Strategy after 2010 remained valid and recognition of the failure of the Lisbon Strategy has been transformed into formulating a new strategy, namely "Europe 2020", whose objectives are more affordable and easier control. The "Europe 2020" strategy is a mechanism of coordination of several policies, such as social policy, education, research and energy, which are the competence of national governments. The E.U. aims to further improve the competitiveness of the global economy, and promoting their interests. Under the new strategy, each Member State must assume bold development objectives for their economies, and in accordance to tradition. The competitiveness of the EU economy is directly influenced by the political stability of Europe.

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