Humoral Factors in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

1993 ◽  
pp. 267-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hamerman ◽  
Stephen Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Factors

Humoral factors of innate immunity in the saliva of patients with infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Oleg Melnikov ◽  
Diana Zabolotnaya ◽  
Alexander Bredun ◽  
Bogdan Bil ◽  
Oksana Rylska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Immune Modulators

Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p<0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.

The role of microRNA in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysanthos D. Christou ◽  
Georgios Tsoulfas
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Early Graft ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion

Introduction: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries are caused by complex interrelated mechanisms and pathways. Regarding the liver, I/R injuries and their clinical manifestations are crucial for the surgical outcome. Despite its importance, there is no broadly accepted therapy either for the prevention or for the management of I/R injury. I/R injury of the liver can occur either during hepatic surgery (warm) or during the transplantation procedure (cold). MicroRNAs play a pivotal role in the mechanism of I/R injury, as they regulate the expression of the cellular participants and humoral factors associated with I/R injury. Objective: In this review, we highlight the microRNAs that are involved in the I/R injury of the liver, and the molecular pathways that they regulate. In addition, we discuss the potential role of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers and their role as pharmacological targets in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of I/R injuries. Method: We conducted a comprehensive review of the PubMed bibliographic database regarding microRNAs and I/R injuries of the liver. Results: In diagnostics, microRNA panels could replace invasive diagnostic procedures, relieving patients of the associated complications. In therapeutics, microRNA agomirs, antagomirs and other drugs can be used to shift the balance between proapoptotic and survival pathways, to alleviate the liver damage caused by I/R. In transplantation procedures, microRNA profiling could decrease the incidence of early graft dysfunction, especially regarding marginal grafts. Conclusion: Although microRNAs seem a very promising clinical tool in the management of I/R injuries, further research is required, until microRNAs become a novel tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of an I/R injury of the liver.

scholarly journals Development of Injectable Polydactyly-Derived Chondrocyte Sheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3198
Author(s):  
Shiho Wasai ◽  
Eriko Toyoda ◽  
Takumi Takahashi ◽  
Miki Maehara ◽  
Eri Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Injection Control

We are conducting a clinical study of the use of allogeneic polydactyly-derived chondrocyte sheets (PD sheets) for the repair of articular cartilage damage caused by osteoarthritis. However, the transplantation of PD sheets requires highly invasive surgery. To establish a less invasive treatment, we are currently developing injectable fragments of PD sheets (PD sheets-mini). Polydactyly-derived chondrocytes were seeded in RepCell™ or conventional temperature-responsive inserts and cultured. Cell counts and viability, histology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and flow cytometry were used to characterize PD sheets-mini and PD sheets collected from each culture. To examine the effects of injection on cell viability, PD sheets-mini were tested in four experimental conditions: non-injection control, 18 gauge (G) needle, 23G needle, and syringe only. PD sheets-mini produced similar amounts of humoral factors as PD sheets. No histological differences were observed between PD sheets and PD sheets-mini. Except for COL2A1, expression of cartilage-related genes did not differ between the two types of PD sheet. No significant differences were observed between injection conditions. PD sheets-mini have characteristics that resemble PD sheets. The cell viability of PD sheets-mini was not significantly affected by needle gauge size. Intra-articular injection may be a feasible, less invasive method to transplant PD sheets-mini.

scholarly journals Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2336
Author(s):  
Ryoka Uchiyama ◽  
Eriko Toyoda ◽  
Miki Maehara ◽  
Shiho Wasai ◽  
Haruka Omura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
M2 Macrophage Polarization

Osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK) is a chronic degenerative disease and progresses with an imbalance of cytokines and macrophages in the joint. Studies regarding the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a point-of-care treatment for OAK have reported on its effect on tissue repair and suppression of inflammation but few have reported on its effect on macrophages and macrophage polarization. Based on our clinical experience with two types of PRP kits Cellaid Serum Collection Set P type kit (leukocyte-poor-PRP) and an Autologous Protein Solution kit (APS leukocyte-rich-PRP), we investigated the concentrations of humoral factors in PRPs prepared from the two kits and the effect of humoral factors on macrophage phenotypes. We found that the concentrations of cell components and humoral factors differed between PRPs purified using the two kits; APS had a higher concentration of M1 and M2 macrophage related factors. The addition of PRP supernatants to the culture media of monocyte-derived macrophages and M1 polarized macrophages revealed that PRPs suppressed M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. This research is the first to report the effect of PRPs purified using commercial kits on macrophage polarization.

scholarly journals Vascular endothelial hyperpermeability induces the clinical symptoms of Clarkson disease (the systemic capillary leak syndrome)

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (18) ◽  
pp. 4321-4332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Xie ◽  
Chandra C. Ghosh ◽  
Roshni Patel ◽  
Shoko Iwaki ◽  
Donna Gaskins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Capillary Leak Syndrome ◽  
Actin Stress Fiber ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Capillary Leak ◽  
Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Clarkson Disease

Abstract The systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare disorder characterized by transient episodes of hypotensive shock and anasarca thought to arise from reversible microvascular barrier dysfunction. Although the high prevalence of a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance in SCLS suggests a pathogenic contribution of endogenous immunoglobulins, the mechanisms of vascular hyperpermeability remain obscure. Herein, we report clinical and molecular findings on 23 patients, the largest SCLS case series to date. Application of episodic SCLS sera, but neither the purified immunoglobulin fraction nor sera obtained from patients during remission, to human microvascular endothelial cells caused vascular endothelial cadherin internalization, disruption of interendothelial junctions, actin stress fiber formation, and increased permeability in complementary functional assays without inducing endothelial apoptosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin, one promising therapy for SCLS, mitigated the permeability effects of episodic sera. Consistent with the presence of endogenous, nonimmunoglobulin, circulating permeability factor(s) constrained to SCLS episodes, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), were elevated in episodic SCLS sera but not in remission sera. Ab-based inhibition of Ang2 counteracted permeability induced by episodic SCLS sera. Comparable experiments with anti-VEGF Ab (bevacizumab) yielded less interpretable results, probably because of endothelial toxicity of VEGF withdrawal. Our results support a model of SCLS pathogenesis in which nonimmunoglobulin humoral factors such as VEGF and Ang2 contribute to transient endothelial contraction, suggesting a molecular mechanism for this highly lethal disorder.

On humoral factors in nervous activity

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-787
Author(s):  
D. S. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Not only in the peripheral working organs, irritating substances are formed, which, as we can see, take an active part in their regulation, but also in the central nervous system, in the relationship of its individual elements, such substances apparently play an important role.

Clinical and immunological efficacy and expediency of local use of low-intensity laser radiation with a wavelength of 635 nm in the treatment of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
I.V. Semenova ◽  
Yu. A. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Antimicrobial Protection ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Immunological Examination ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Intensity Laser

A clinical and immunological examination of 140 women with verified cipher B 37.3-inflammatory disease caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, characterized by the presence of 4 or more episodes during the year, is carried out. Before the start of therapy, an imbalance of cellular and humoral factors of innate immunity, the content of cytokines in the vaginal secretion, was detected. The optical radiation of a low-intensity laser was included in the scheme of therapeutic measures, starting from the first day of treatment. The results of the study demonstrate that local exposure on the vulva and vagina with laser radiation with a wavelength of 635 nm, with the power of 5 mW, for 10 minutes per area for a 10-day period reliably reduce the severity of objective and subjective symptoms of vaginal candidiasis, reduce the number of relapses, forming a long interrecurrent period, and normalizes the state of factors of local antimicrobial protection on the surface of the mucous membranes of the lower part of the urogenital system.

STUDIES ON INTERACTION OF BACTERIA, SERUM FACTORS AND POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Dossett ◽  
Ralph C. Williams ◽  
Paul G. Quie
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serum Fractions ◽  
Group B

The bactericidal capacity of newborn infants' whole blood for E. coli was deficient compared to the mothers, and attempts were made to identify cellular or humoral factors responsible for this deficiency. Separated polymorphonuclear leukocytes from newborn infants were found to be similar to polymorphs from mothers in capacity to engulf and kill E. coli and other bacteria so that cellular deficiency was not evident. Comparison of the serum opsonic capacity of newborn infants' and mothers' sera revealed deficient opsonic capacity for E. coli in newborn sera. The mean opsonic titer for E. coli was 46.7 in mothers and 4.3 in neonates. Serum opsonic titers for Staph. aureus and group B streptococcus were similar. The opsonic capacity for all bacterial species was decreased when the sera were heated or decomplemented with immune complexes indicating the phagocytosis amplifying role of complement. The newborn-maternal difference in opsonic capacity for E. coli was presumably a result of deficient 19S antibodies, the primary opsonic antibodies for this organism. Maternal 19S serum fractions alone, however, showed no opsonic capacity for E. coli. Addition of a complement source (newborn serum absorbed with E. coli) revealed the opsonic capacity of these 19S maternal serum fractions for E. coli. Antibodies in 19S serum fractions therefore are efficient opsonins for E. coli; however, complement is necessary to demonstrate their opsonic potential.

PSX-B-22 Humoral factors of protection of the vaginal mucosa in healthy cows and with mycoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 273-273
Author(s):  
Julia V Busharova ◽  
Roman M Vasilev ◽  
Svetlana V Vasileva ◽  
Vyacheslav A Trushkin ◽  
Anastasia A Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Vaginal Wall ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Ig G ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Maintaining reproductive health is an urgent task in intensive livestock farming. The study of the influence of pathogens of the Mycoplasmataceae family on the microecology and protective properties of the vagina is of particular interest. The studies were carried out on non-pregnant cows 3–4 years old. Was formed 2 groups of 8 animals each. The first group is healthy cows in which the PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. was negative. The second group - cows with a positive PCR test and serological identification of M. bovigenitalium, without pronounced clinical signs of vaginitis. In both groups of animals, vaginal secretions were collected from the vaginal wall using a special spoon. In secret, by the method of radial immunodiffusion in a gel according to Mancini, the content of immunoglobulins of classes Ig G, Ig M, Ig A and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was determined, as well as the activity of lysozyme - by the nephelometric method. The study showed that the content of Ig G and the total content of immunoglobulins in the vaginal secretion in healthy cows and cows with mycoplasmosis did not have significant differences. The concentration of Ig A in cows with mycoplasmosis was 0.018±0.001 g/l, which was 25% less than in healthy cows, but it turned out to be insignificant (P &gt; 0.05). The content of Ig M and sIgA in secretion in healthy cows was 0.039±0.002 and 0.067±0.005 g/l, while in cows with mycoplasmosis it significantly increased by 38.5 and 43%, respectively. The activity of lysozyme in the secretion of healthy cows was 11.71±0.41%, while in infected cows it decreased by 2 times. With genital mycoplasmosis in cows, a quantitative redistribution of immunoglobulin classes and a decrease in lysozyme activity are observed in the vaginal secretion.

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