Polymers Employed and Role of the Molecular Characteristics on the BFs Formation

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-110
Author(s):  
Juan Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Edward Bormashenko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characteristics

scholarly journals The Potential of Nail Mini-Organ Stem Cells in Skin, Nail and Digit Tips Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2864
Author(s):  
Anna Pulawska-Czub ◽  
Tomasz D. Pieczonka ◽  
Paula Mazurek ◽  
Krzysztof Kobielak
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Slow Cycling ◽  
Bifunctional Properties

Nails are highly keratinized skin appendages that exhibit continuous growth under physiological conditions and full regeneration upon removal. These mini-organs are maintained by two autonomous populations of skin stem cells. The fast-cycling, highly proliferative stem cells of the nail matrix (nail stem cells (NSCs)) predominantly replenish the nail plate. Furthermore, the slow-cycling population of the nail proximal fold (nail proximal fold stem cells (NPFSCs)) displays bifunctional properties by contributing to the peri-nail epidermis under the normal homeostasis and the nail structure upon injury. Here, we discuss nail mini-organ stem cells’ location and their role in skin and nail homeostasis and regeneration, emphasizing their importance to orchestrate the whole digit tip regeneration. Such endogenous regeneration capabilities are observed in rodents and primates. However, they are limited to the region adjacent to the nail’s proximal area, indicating the crucial role of nail mini-organ stem cells in digit restoration. Further, we explore the molecular characteristics of nail mini-organ stem cells and the critical role of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathways in homeostatic nail growth and digit restoration. Finally, we investigate the latest accomplishments in stimulating regenerative responses in regeneration-incompetent injuries. These pioneer results might open up new opportunities to overcome amputated mammalian digits and limbs’ regenerative failures in the future.

scholarly journals MiR-146a Regulates Migration and Invasion by Targeting NRP2 in Circulating-Tumor Cell Mimicking Suspension Cells

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yeojin Do ◽  
Jin Gu Cho ◽  
Ji Young Park ◽  
Sumin Oh ◽  
Doyeon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Suspension Cells

Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death and metastatic cancer has circulating-tumor cells (CTCs), which circulate in the bloodstream before invading other organs. Thus, understanding the precise role of CTCs may provide new insights into the metastasis process and reduce cancer mortality. However, the molecular characteristics of CTCs are not well understood due to a lack of number of CTCs. Therefore, suspension cells were generated from MDA-MB-468 cells to mimic CTCs, and we investigate the microRNA (miRNA)-dependent molecular networks and their role in suspension cells. Here, we present an integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA sequencing data for suspension cell lines, through comparison with adherent cells. Among the differentially regulated miRNA–mRNAs axes, we focus on the miR-146a-Neuropilin2 (NRP2) axis, which is known to influence tumor aggressiveness. We show that miR-146a directly regulates NRP2 expression and inhibits Semaphorin3C (SEMA3C) signaling. Functional studies reveal that miR-146a represses SEMA3C-induced invasion and proliferation by targeting NRP2. Finally, high-NRP2 is shown to be associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer patients. This study identifies the key role of the miR-146a–NRP2 signaling axis that is critical for the regulation of migration and invasion in CTC-mimicking cells.

Dynamics of epigenetic modifiers and environmentally sensitive proteins in a reptile with temperature induced sex reversal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Whiteley ◽  
Robert D McCuaig ◽  
Clare E Holleley ◽  
Sudha Rao ◽  
Arthur Georges
Keyword(s):  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Cellular Localisation ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps

Abstract The mechanisms by which sex is determined, and how a sexual phenotype is stably maintained during adulthood, has been the focus of vigorous scientific inquiry. Resources common to the biomedical field (automated staining and imaging platforms) were leveraged to provide the first immunofluorescent data for a reptile species with temperature induced sex reversal. Two four-plex immunofluorescent panels were explored across three sex classes (sex reversed ZZf females, normal ZWf females, and normal ZZm males). One panel was stained for chromatin remodelling genes JARID2 and KDM6B, and methylation marks H3K27me3, and H3K4me3 (Jumonji Panel). The other CaRe panel stained for environmental response genes CIRBP and RelA, and H3K27me3 and H3K4me3. Our study characterised tissue specific expression and cellular localisation patterns of these proteins and histone marks, providing new insights to the molecular characteristics of adult gonads in a dragon lizard Pogona vitticeps. The confirmation that mammalian antibodies cross react in P. vitticeps paves the way for experiments that can take advantage of this new immunohistochemical resource to gain a new understanding of the role of these proteins during embryonic development, and most importantly for P. vitticeps, the molecular underpinnings of sex reversal.

scholarly journals Exposure to emissions from Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) and incidence of thyroid cancer: a geographic analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Boffetta ◽  
Lorenzo Memeo ◽  
Dario Giuffrida ◽  
Margherita Ferrante ◽  
Salvatore Sciacca
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Northeastern Sicily

AbstractAn increased incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported in the area close to Mount Etna, the largest volcano in Europe located in Northeastern Sicily. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to the emissions from the volcano is associated with thyroid cancer in 186 municipalities from three provinces surrounding the volcano (1.9 million inhabitants). We measured the angle between the bearing of the municipalities and each direction, with special focus on South-East, the prevalent direction of the plume, and conducted a regression analysis on 2003–2016 incidence rates of thyroid cancer, adjusting for distance from Mount Etna, population size, and income. A 10-degree increase in the angle with South-East was associated with a decrease in thyroid cancer rates in the whole population (− 0.67 cases/100,000, p = 0.002) and in women (− 1.54/100,000, p < 0.001), and were robust to several sensitivity analyses. Similar results were obtained for East-South-East direction. These results support the hypothesis of a potential role of exposure to the plume from Mount Etna in determining the high rates of thyroid cancer. The results need to be confirmed in analytical studies, in which information of exposure to chemicals originating from the volcano, as well as other possible causes, should be carefully measured, molecular characteristics of the tumors and taken into account.

scholarly journals Towards Personalization in the Curative Treatment of Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid E. Slagter ◽  
Marieke A. Vollebergh ◽  
Edwin P. M. Jansen ◽  
Johanna W. van Sandick ◽  
Annemieke Cats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Perioperative Chemotherapy ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Resectable Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In the last decades, treatment strategy has shifted from an exclusive surgical approach to a multidisciplinary strategy. Treatment options for patients with resectable gastric cancer as recommended by different worldwide guidelines, include perioperative chemotherapy, pre- or postoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Although gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with respect to patient-, tumor-, and molecular characteristics, the current standard of care is still according to a one-size-fits-all approach. In this review, we discuss the background of the different treatment strategies in resectable gastric cancer including the current standard, the specific role of radiotherapy, and describe the current areas of research and potential strategies for personalization of therapy.

scholarly journals Deep Phenotyping Reveals Distinct Immune Signatures Correlating with Prognostication, Treatment Responses, and MRD Status in Multiple Myeloma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadimitriou ◽  
Nikolaos Tsakirakis ◽  
Panagiotis Malandrakis ◽  
Panagiotis Vitsos ◽  
Andreas Metousis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Deep Phenotyping

Despite recent advances, Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease with apparent heterogeneity that may explain patients’ variable clinical outcomes. While the phenotypic, (epi)genetic, and molecular characteristics of myeloma cells have been thoroughly examined, there is limited information regarding the role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in the natural history of the disease. In the present study, we performed deep phenotyping of 32 distinct immune cell subsets in a cohort of 94 MM patients to reveal unique immune profiles in both BM and peripheral blood (PB) that characterize distinct prognostic groups, responses to induction treatment, and minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Our data show that PB cells do not reflect the BM microenvironment and that the two sites should be studied independently. Adverse ISS stage and high-risk cytogenetics were correlated with distinct immune profiles; most importantly, BM signatures comprised decreased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and erythroblasts, whereas the unique Treg signatures in PB could discriminate those patients achieving complete remission after VRd induction therapy. Moreover, MRD negative status was correlated with a more experienced CD4- and CD8-mediated immunity phenotype in both BM and PB, thus highlighting a critical role of by-stander cells linked to MRD biology.

scholarly journals The role of clinical and molecular characteristics in low grade gliomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. vi75-vi76
Author(s):  
A. Mura ◽  
E. Franceschi ◽  
S. Minichillo ◽  
A. Tosoni ◽  
A. Fioravanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas

Cell Population Highly Enriched with LSCs Invades Liver in MPD-Like Myeloid Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4569-4569
Author(s):  
Alexey E Bigildeev ◽  
Irina N Shipounova ◽  
Daria A Svinareva ◽  
Nina Drize
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Terminal Stage ◽  
Liver Repopulation

Abstract Abstract 4569 Background It is considered that leukemias posses a rare population of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) capable of the limitless self-renewal necessary for cancer initiation and maintenance. These cells also are believed to be responsible for the relapses of leukemias in patients and thus it is important to find the differences between normal HSCs and LSCs to create curative treatment of leukemias. We previously reported a model of transplantable myeloid leukemia in mice. In this model bone marrow (BM) and liver cells of affected mice were fully transplantable; recipients became moribund within 17-32 days since cells injection. Limiting dilutions analysis revealed that the concentration of LSCs in the BM of moribund mice was one LSC per 37000 c-kit+ cells and one per 45 cells from affected liver. Concentration of LSCs in other cell populations was calculated on the base of mice lifespan after transplantation and was shown to be one LSC per 2500000 c-kit-CD45-, 200 c-kit-CD45+, 4500 Ter119+ and 2600 Ter119- cells. Thus LSCs of this disease retain hierarchical organization and are able to differentiate at least among myeloid and erythroid lineages without the loss of self-renewing ability. Extremely high concentration of LSCs in the liver suggests the population of these cells being scaled up during invasion. The aim of this work was to investigate dynamics of liver repopulation by LSCs and to study additional molecular characteristics of leukemia initiating cells. Methods To trace the development of the disease female mice (C57Bl/6 x CBA) F1 were injected i.v. with 106 BM cells from syngeneic moribund donors. Each day after the injection the liver cells of mice were sorted into CD45+ and CD45- populations. RNA was isolated from both populations and expression of some genes was evaluated using real time PCR and conventional PCR. To assess the role of chemokines secreted by liver in the migration of LSCs the expression of chemokine receptors was analysed by means of PCR in the liver tissue of moribund mice. Results Taking into consideration that CD45+ cells comprise 45 percent of total cells in the liver by the terminal stage of the disease the concentration of LSCs among CD45+ cells in the liver may reach 1 per 23 and even higher. It allows isolating relatively homogenious population of LSCs for studying genes that play role in neoplastic transformation. The investigation of the dynamics of the disease showed that the weight of the liver and spleen began to grow on day 10 after cells injection. At the same time the dramatic rise of CD45+ cells occured in the liver and continued till death. Overexpression of genes responsible for self-renewal and proliferation (Bmi-1 and Myc) was revealed since the day 7. The expression of Bmi-1 and Myc in CD45+ cells in leukemic liver from moribund mice was 20-40 and 25-50 times higher than in CD45+ cells of control liver. The expression of Csf1r (M-CSFr) was elevated 100-fold, so this surface antigen may be served as a marker of LSCs in given disease. The analysis of house-keeping genes Rpl13a, Ubc, Hprt1 and Actb expression have shown that none of these genes fits for the normalization of cDNA amount, because the expression of them (by the terminal stage) in CD45+ cells of leukemic liver was elevated 45-, 25-, 98- and 59-fold as compared to CD45+ cells of control liver. It means that LSCs are essentially different from normal hematopoietic precursor cells. The expression analysis of genes coding the receptors of chemokines in the liver of moribund mice has shown that Ccr1 expression appeared and the expression of Ccr2 and Ccr5 increased in comparison with normal liver cells. It allowed to state that the tumor cells in liver express Ccr1 on their surface. This data suggests the role of chemokines secreted by liver and primarily the role of Ccl3 (Mip-1a) and Ccl5 (Rantes) in the migration of tumor cells into the liver. On the other hand this data allowed speculating on the nature of LSCs, because though Ccl3 and Ccl5 are chemoattractants for different subsets of leukocytes, they mainly attract granulocytes and monocytes. Conclusion Thus the model used is unique for the study of LSCs properties, the mechanisms of leukemogenesis, the migration and retention of LSCs extranodally in the dependence of specific microenvironment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The plasmid system ofEscherichia colistrain UR12644: Identification and molecular characteristics of transposons involved in the generation of endogenous R-plasmids

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schöffl ◽  
A. Pühler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Restriction Map ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
A Value ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
R Plasmids

SUMMARYTwo spontaneously formed R-plasmids (pFS401 and pFS402) originating from the multiple drug-resistantEscherichia colistrain UR12644 were found to carry transposable drug-resistance elements. Incompatibility between these two plasmids was used to select for transposition. An ampicillin transposon (Tn1781) residing on pFS401 and a tetracycline transposon (Tn1771) present on pFS402 were independently translocated to the endogenous RTF-plasmid pFS2. Molecular weight determinations of pFS2::Tn1781(Ap) and pFS2::Tn1771(Tc) revealed a value of 2·9 Mdal for Tn1781 and 7·1 Mdal for Tn1771. The arrangement of 3PstI and 1BamHI restriction endonuclease sites was found to be characteristic for the ampicillin transposon whereas the restriction map of Tn1771 features a nearly symmetrical location of 3EcoRI cleavage sites, two of them close to the termini and one in the middle of the transposon. A model is presented suggesting the existence of repetitive DNA-segments at these positions which represent the structural preconditions for the genetic properties of Tn1771. The role of a cryptic plasmid involved in the generation of the endogenous R-plasmids pFS401 and pFS402 is discussed.

A 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein gene ofSpirometra erinaceiplerocercoid induced by chemical and physiological stresses

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-H. YUN ◽  
Y.-A. BAE ◽  
J.-Y. CHUNG ◽  
S.-Y. KANG ◽  
I. KANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
New Host ◽  
Peptide Cleavage ◽  
Atp Binding Site ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Signal ◽  
Spirometra Erinacei ◽  
Glucose Regulated Protein

To adapt to different environmental conditions between poikilothermic and homeothermic hosts, the plerocercoid ofSpirometra erinacei(sparganum) might express a variety of biologically active molecules. We have identified a 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein of the sparganum (SpGrp78) by differential display of mRNA, employing RNAs each from sparganum adjusted at 9 °C and 37 °C. A full-length cDNA of 2148 bp encodes for a protein of 651 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 71 610 Da and shares molecular characteristics with heat-shock protein 70, including a putative ATP binding site, signal peptide cleavage site and endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SpGrp78 was mostly related to those ofEchinococcus multilocularisandE. granulosus. Expression of SpGrp78 mRNA increased approximately 7-fold by inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin, 2-fold by temperature-shift from 9 °C to 37 °C and slightly by pH-shift to 4·0 or 5·5. These results suggested that induction of SpGrp78 mRNA is related to the functional role of SpGrp78 as a molecular chaperone when the parasite adapts to a new host environment.

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