scholarly journals Japan: Formalization of Banking Supervision Including a Reversal

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Eiji Hotori ◽  
Mikael Wendschlag ◽  
Thibaud Giddey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Examination Process

AbstractThis chapter deals with the case of Japan, which experienced a reversal of the formalization of banking supervision. Additionally, this chapter outlines the on-site examination process and the main objectives of bank examinations. During the initial adoption of formal banking supervision, its main role was the “education” of bankers rather than proper prudential oversight. Formal banking supervision was suspended between 1893 and 1914 but was reintroduced in response to requests from both bankers and the government. This reversal reflected the development of the Japanese economy in the 1900s and 1910s, and thus the main driver of the formalization of banking supervision in Japan was not a financial crisis. The gradual development of the banking sector and better-educated bankers in the early twentieth century provided the background for the transformation of the supervisor’s role. The formalization process was completed with the enactment of the Banking Act of 1927 and the creation of the Bank Inspection Section within the Ministry of Finance in 1927.

The Industrial Policy of Japan

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Hills
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
International Pressures

ABSTRACTJapan has been characterised as the most successful industrialised country in its ability to attain growth in GNP, even during a world recession. This article explores the background to the Japanese economic success of postwar years. It emphasises in particular the part played in that success by the Japanese banking sector and cheap credit extended to expanding industries. The article discusses the respective roles of the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Finance. It concludes that both domestic and international pressures are producing changes within the Japanese economy which are reflected in alterations in the tasks and influence of these institutions.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the Japanese Economy by the Example of the Banking Sector: Current Results, Prospects and Problems

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-449
Author(s):  
K. S. Kostyukova
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Role Of The Government

Purpose: the purpose of this study is to examine the current state of Japan's digital transformation, with a focus on the banking sector, analyzing specifc examples, identifying obstacles that hinder the achievement of expected results.Methods: the article is based on the analysis of scientifc and analytical materials devoted to the problem of research, a set of general scientific methods is applied, including comparison, scientifc generalization, analogy, etc.Results: the article presents the main trends and current results of digitalization of Japanese banks, provides examples of projects, identifies problematic areas of the implemented policy. A hypothesis is put forward about the key role of the government in the development of new standards for the organization of work, taking into account the use of innovative technologies. For Japan, digitalization is chosen as a key tool to mitigate the current socio-economic situation. Digitalization is already being implemented in the healthcare sector, agriculture, etc. Another sector at the center of digitalization is the fnancial one. Financial technologies form new markets and products. Non-banking companies penetrate into the areas occupied by classical banks, competing and even displacing them.These processes are observed both in Japan and in other countries of the world, including Russia. Therefore, studying the Japanese experience of integrating digital technologies into the fnancial sector is important. Although Russia is among the leaders in the digitalization of the financial sector, it is difcult for fntech companies to break into the Russian market due to pressure from large classical banks, as well as the lack of trust in fntech companies from the population.Conclusions and Relevance: in contrast to the manufacturing sector, digitalization of non-manufacturing areas is slower in Japan. This is due to a shortage of qualifed personnel, fnancial risks, etc. Today, the priority for fnancial institutions remains to create the basis for the introduction of digitalization and improve management efciency. From the point of view of ensuring the stability of the fnancial system, it is expected that the Bank of Japan, together with the government, will encourage initiatives in the feld of fnancial development.

The Formalization of Banking Supervision in Japan and Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Eiji HOTORI ◽  
Mikael WENDSCHLAG
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract This study examines the formalization of banking supervision in Japan and Sweden that occurred in the decades around 1900. Using an incremental change approach, we examine the respective cases along three dimensions: (a) the legal framework, (b) the banking supervisory agency, and (c) bank supervisory activities. Through this comparative analysis, we find several similarities and differences. The most important similarity we find is that financial crises—generally considered to be a primary driver of major regulatory and supervisory reforms—did not play a main role in the formalization of supervision in either Japan or Sweden. Rather, formalization was an incremental change process closely linked to the organic development of the banking sector, the general public’s increasing exposure to the banks as deposit holders and borrowers, and the increased need for professionalization of the banking sector. This finding suggests that our approach is applicable to any country where the formalization of supervision took place without being prompted by a specific event such as a financial crisis.

scholarly journals Germany: Financial Crises and Formalization of Banking Supervision

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Eiji Hotori ◽  
Mikael Wendschlag ◽  
Thibaud Giddey
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn Germany, the banking supervision formalized as a consequence of the severe banking crises of the early 1930s, just as in many other countries on the European continent. The formalization process was initiated with the decisions to temporarily take over some of the large commercial banks that faced default in the banking crisis in 1931. Due to the extended loans and direct ownership stakes, the government established a board to look after its interests. The “temporary” measures were made permanent by the Nazi-government as one of several institutional and organizational means to have banks accommodate the economic policies of the regime. All three elements of banking supervision formalization (regulation, a supervisor, and supervision) were in place by the mid-1930s. However, given the very high level of control over the banks at the time, it is misleading to date the emergence of formal banking supervision to this time. During the occupation years, the banking supervision (in West-Germany) was organized at the state-level, similar to the US system. We date the full formalization after the Second World War when the German central government's control over the banking sector ended.

scholarly journals Sweden: Early Adopter of Formal Banking Supervision with Incremental Steps

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Eiji Hotori ◽  
Mikael Wendschlag ◽  
Thibaud Giddey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Early Adopter ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Creation

AbstractThe banking supervision in Sweden was formalized incrementally over the last half of the nineteenth century when the banking sector grew and modernized. Swedish banking regulation developed out of the charter requirement, and the supervision out of the administration of the growing number of charter applications. With the creation of the Bank Bureau within the Ministry of Finance and the development of the Bank Inspector profession in the 1860s and 1870s, banking supervisory activities such as on- and off-site examinations became more frequent and standardized. The creation of the independent agency, the Bank Inspection Board, in 1906, and the transfer of supervisory executive powers from the Ministry of Finance to the new supervisory agency, were the final step of the formalization process. During the same period, banking regulation was harmonized and furthered a process of centralizations to the authorities in Stockholm.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

The Systemic Effects of Prudential Regulation Toughening:The Results of a Stress-test for Russian Banks

2012 ◽  
pp. 4-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mamonov ◽  
A. Pestova ◽  
O. Solntsev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Prudential Regulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability

The stability of Russian banking sector is threatened by three negative tendencies - overheating of the credit market, significant decrease of banks capital adequacy ratios, and growing problems associated with banks lending to affiliated non-financial corporations. The co-existence of these processes reflects the crisis of the model of private investments in Russian banking sector, which was observed during the last 20 years. This paper analyzes the measures of the Bank of Russia undertaken to maintain the stability of the banking sector using the methodology of credit risk stress-testing. Based on this methodology we conclude that the Bank of Russias actions can prevent the overheating of the credit market, but they can also lead to undesirable effects: further expansion of the government ownership in Russian banking sector and substitution of domestic credit supply by cross-border corporate borrowings. The later weakens the competitive positions of Russian banks. We propose a set of measures to harmonize the prudential regulation of banks. Our suggestions rely on design and further implementation of the programs aimed at developing new markets for financial services provided by Russian banks to their corporate and retail customers. The estimated effects of proposed policy measures are both the increase in profitability and capitalization of Russian banks and the decrease of banks demand for government support.

PENERAPAN METODE PROTOTYPING PADA PERANCANGAN APLIKASI SPPD KPPN MEDAN II BERBASIS WEBSITE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Crystal Jelita Lumban Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Time Saving ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Employee Data ◽  
The Web

 KPPN Medan II is one of the government organization units at the Ministry of Finance. Where leaders and employees who work at KPPN Medan II always carry out official trips between cities and outside the city. With these conditions, making SPPD documents experiencing the intensity of official travel activities carried out by employees of KPPN Medan II can be said frequently. So that in making SPPD in KPPN Medan II is still using the manual method that is recording through Microsoft Word which in the sense is less effective and efficient. In naming employees who get official assignments, officers manually entering employee data that receives official travel letters are prone to being lost because data is manually written. The web-based SPPD application is built by applying this prototyping method which is expected to facilitate SPPD KPPN Medan II management officers in making SPPD that is effective, efficient, accurate, time-saving, and not prone to losing SPPD data of KPPN Medan II employees who will has made official trips due to the existence of a special database to accommodate all SPPD files.

Problems and prospects for the Russian banking supervision development in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1296
Author(s):  
K.A. Omarieva ◽  
P.G. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Document Flow ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

Subject. The article addresses problems and prospects for the banking supervision development in the Russian Federation under modern conditions. Objectives. We review the essence and methods of organization of the banking supervision, and identify the main problems and prospects for its development. Methods. To provide valid, reliable and reasoned recommendations, we apply normative and integrated approaches to the study of the banking supervision effectiveness in the current circumstances. Results. The paper investigates main problems and development prospects for the Russian banking supervision. The essential importance of supervision comes from the main role of the banking system in maintaining accounts of economic entities and making settlements. Even minor failures or delays in operations can lead to negative outcomes and disastrous consequences for the entire monetary system and the national economy. Therefore, we highlight issues that require attention, and make proposals for further development of the banking supervision. Conclusions. In the context of dynamically developing economy, the banking practice is becoming more complex. As a result, there is a need for new financial instruments that can reduce risks, increase the speed and efficiency of operations and document flow, and help achieve the world levels of introduced standards.

Volatility Transmission in Indian Banking Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Cyano Prem ◽  
Dr M. Babu ◽  
C. Hariharan ◽  
R. Muneeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Private Bank ◽  
Volatility Transmission ◽  
The People ◽  
New Information ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
The Government ◽  
Awareness Programme

Any new information about the economy is transmitted fast and it may influence the financial markets, positively or negatively. The present study used GARCH (1, 1) and EGARCH models, to investigate the volatility of Indian banking sectors indices, namely, Nifty PSU Index and Nifty Private Bank Index of NSE India Ltd. The result of the study confirmed that the high volatility was found in both the bank indices. At the same time, negative information about Indian economics did affect the PSU and Private Bank Sector indices during the study period. Finally, the study concluded that bad news travels fast and it increased volatility more than good. Hence the Government should give more information and awareness programme to the people before the implementation of any economic policy.

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