Further studies on the sensitivity of plant pathogenic microorganisms towards some naturally occurring chalcones and flavanones

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Biswas ◽  
A. Bhattacharyya ◽  
P. C. Bose ◽  
N. Mukherjee ◽  
N. Adityachaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Approaches to Antimicrobial Resistance: Prospects and Challenges

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Firzan Nainu ◽  
Andi Dian Permana ◽  
Nana Juniarti Natsir Djide ◽  
Qonita Kurnia Anjani ◽  
Rifka Nurul Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Public Health

The rapid increase in pathogenic microorganisms with antimicrobial resistant profiles has become a significant public health problem globally. The management of this issue using conventional antimicrobial preparations frequently results in an increase in pathogen resistance and a shortage of effective antimicrobials for future use against the same pathogens. In this review, we discuss the emergence of AMR and argue for the importance of addressing this issue by discovering novel synthetic or naturally occurring antibacterial compounds and providing insights into the application of various drug delivery approaches, delivered through numerous routes, in comparison with conventional delivery systems. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of these delivery systems in different types of infectious diseases associated with antimicrobial resistance. Finally, future considerations in the development of highly effective antimicrobial delivery systems to combat antimicrobial resistance are presented.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistance and Serotype Distribution of Salmonella Enterica Isolated from Homemade Recipe Fermented Ground Pork (Nham) in Northeastern Thailand

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Thi-Hoang-Nga Vo ◽  
Kochakorn Direksin ◽  
Nawarat Rattanadilok-Na-Phuket ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Anusak Kerdsin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ground Pork ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Salmonellosis is caused by a thousand serotypes of Salmonella enterica. The sour taste inherent to Nham leads people believe that this fermented ground pork dish is safe from pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, serotype, drug susceptibility, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of Salmonella spp. in homemade recipes of Nham. There were 52 samples from different Nham makers in 3 northeastern provinces of Thailand collected between August and November 2019. Further, 30 Salmonella isolates (57.7 %) and 14 different serovars were identified: S. Rissen (23.3 %) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Typhimurium (16.7 %), S. Give and S. Virchow (10 % each), and S. Agona and S. Kouka (6.7 % each). All isolates carried AMR genes but 7 (23.3 %) were antibiotic susceptible and 23 (76.7 %) borne a resistance phenotype. The Salmonella isolates were resistant to tetracycline (63 %), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (36.7 %), streptomycin (33.3 %), nalidixic acid (30 %), cefotaxime (16.7 %), and enrofloxacin (3.3 %). Among the 23 AMR genes in our analysis, there were gyrB (100 %), tetA (93.3 %), aadA (93.3 %), sul1, sul2, sul3 (23.3 - 33.3 %), dfrA12 (16.7 %), qnrS, (6.7 %), and mcr6 (6.7 %). Two strains had the mcr6 gene but were susceptible to colistin. Our findings suggest that naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria in the Nham products are insufficient to inhibit Salmonella contamination of this pork-based food. HIGHLIGHTS Highly presence of Salmonella in fermented ground pork (Nham) All identified Salmonella isolates in the Nham have AMR genes A few Salmonella isolates carry AMR genes but are antibiotic susceptible Two Salmonella isolates contain the mcr6 gene but are susceptible to colistin

scholarly journals RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIOME: AN EMERGING FRONTIER IN CAUSING AND CURING INFECTIOUS DISEASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Renu Chaudhary ◽  
Meenakshi Balhara ◽  
Mrridula Dangi ◽  
Mehak Dangi ◽  
Anil K Chhillar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganism ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganism

Prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere causing infectious diseases in plants and humans has increased considerably due to a high content of nutrients. Such pathogenic infections are of huge concern in agriculture, health care, and medical arenas. Rhizosphere microbiome is a “microbial hotspot,” not only for pathogenic microorganism but also for unlimited beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, this microbiome has immense potential in the shaping of earth from natural vegetation to the intense agricultural production to human health. Rhizosphere microorganism from unexplored habitats is a promising approach to overcome the escalating threat of such pathogenic infections. Hence, efforts are being made to isolate more and more rhizobacteria that are beneficial for better plant productivity and for treating human diseases. Thus, present review highlights and discusses the available literature on beneficial/pathogenic microorganisms belonging to rhizosphere and their impact on plants and human diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on how this novel knowledge helps in deriving maximum benefits out of this naturally occurring population for the betterment of plant and human health.

Pathology of Bone Cells in Pigs with Experimental Turbinate Osteoporosis (Atrophic Rhinitis)

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
A. W. Fetter ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Osteocytic Osteolysis ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Atrophic rhinitis in swine is a disease of uncertain etiology in which infectious agents, hereditary predisposition, and metabolic disturbances have been reported to be of primary etiologic importance. It shares many similarities, both clinically and pathologically, with ozena in man. The disease is characterized by deformity and reduction in volume of the nasal turbinates. The fundamental cause for the localized lesion of bone in the nasal turbinates has not been established. Reduced osteogenesis, increased resorption related to inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, and excessive resorption due to osteocytic osteolysis stimulated by hyperparathyroidism have been suggested as possible pathogenetic mechanisms.The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate ultrastructurally bone cells in the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced atrophic rhinitis, and to compare these findings to those in control pigs of the same age and pigs with the naturally occurring disease, in order to define the fundamental lesion responsible for the progressive reduction in volume of the osseous core.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Fine structure and properties of defects in naturally occurring silicates and oxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
David R. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Image Simulations ◽  
Similar Crystal Structure

Extended defects and interfaces control many processes in rock-forming minerals, from chemical reactions to rock deformation. In many cases, it is not the average structure of a defect or interface that is most important, but rather the structure of defect terminations or offsets in an interface. One of the major thrusts of high-resolution electron microscopy in the earth sciences has been to identify the role of defect fine structures in reactions and to determine the structures of such features. This paper will review studies using HREM and image simulations to determine the structures of defects in silicate and oxide minerals and present several examples of the role of defects in mineral chemical reactions. In some cases, the geological occurrence can be used to constrain the diffusional properties of defects.The simplest reactions in minerals involve exsolution (precipitation) of one mineral from another with a similar crystal structure, and pyroxenes (single-chain silicates) provide a good example. Although conventional TEM studies have led to a basic understanding of this sort of phase separation in pyroxenes via spinodal decomposition or nucleation and growth, HREM has provided a much more detailed appreciation of the processes involved.

Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Muin Fardoun ◽  
Dina Maaliki ◽  
Nabil Halabi ◽  
Rabah Iratni ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis Induction by Resveratrol, a Natural Cancer Chemopreventive Agent

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Bai
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Protective Agents ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Present Understanding

In efforts to identify naturally occurring compounds that act as protective agents, resveratrol, a phytoalexin existing in wine, has attracted much interest because of its diverse pharmacological characteristics. Considering that apoptosis induction is the most potent defense approach for cancer treatment, we have tried to summarize our present understanding of apoptosis induction by resveratrol based on the two major apoptosis pathways.

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