scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Marble Dust in Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Biocomposites: Mechanical, Thermal and Wear Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Lendvai ◽  
Tej Singh ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Amar Patnaik ◽  
Gábor Dogossy
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this present work was to study the applicability of waste marble dust (MD) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites. Samples containing up to 20 wt% waste MD were prepared via melt blending. The attention was focused on the investigation of mechanical, morphological, thermal properties and the wear resistance of the PLA/MD composites. Regarding the mechanical properties, both the tensile and the flexural modulus improved remarkably, however, a slight loss was observed in strength and deformability. The impact toughness showed an increasing tendency up to 10 wt% MD loading, which was followed by a marginal decrease at higher concentration. With respect to the sliding wear rate, the composite with the highest MD content showed the best wear resistance. According to the DSC measurements, the MD hampered the chain mobility of PLA, thereby reducing the crystalline ratio. Overall, composites with improved properties were developed, while the reuse of waste MD is expected to reduce the production costs as well.

scholarly journals Amino acids and poly(amino acids) as nucleating agents for poly(lactic acid)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Josefina Carbone ◽  
Maja Vanhalle ◽  
Bart Goderis ◽  
Peter Van Puyvelde
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Nucleating Agents ◽  
Rapid Crystallization ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In industry, rapid crystallization is often required. At present, the crystallization rate of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is too low compared to industrial needs. In this paper, amino acids such as glycine and L-alanine and poly(amino acids) like polyglycine and poly-DL-alanine are considered as heterogeneous crystallization nucleating agents. The impact of adding these bio-based additives on the isothermal crystallization behavior of PLA was quantified and compared at different concentrations by using the so-called Lotz efficiency scale, which here is based on isothermal DSC measurements. In addition, rheological and rheo-optical techniques were used to monitor the isothermal crystallization. Our results indicate that polyglycine possesses a significant nucleating ability (60.5%) which is comparable to the industrially used talc (81.1%).

Effect of low nanoclay content on the physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Robledo-Ortíz ◽  
AS Martín del Campo ◽  
EJ López-Naranjo ◽  
M Arellano ◽  
CF Jasso-Gastinel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Nanoclay Content ◽  
The Impact

In this work, three different nanoclays (1.44P, 1.34MN, and Cloisite 15A) were used to reinforce an injection grade poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared using three different nanoclay concentration levels (1, 3, and 5 wt%) in a twin-screw extruder. To evaluate their mechanical performance (static and dynamic tests) and thermal properties, the respective samples were obtained by injection molding. Results showed that the three nanoclays significantly increased the tensile and flexural modulus of the injection grade PLA. The 1.34MN NCs also showed improvement in the tensile strength. An increment in flexural strength was obtained with 1.34MN and 1.44P nanoclays, while with nanoclay 15A, the flexural strength decreased. Additionally, the use of 5 wt% of 1.44P nanoclay allowed an increase in impact strength while using 1.34MN and 15A nanoclays, the impact strength was similar to the one observed for pure PLA. In general, mechanodynamic analysis results showed that storage modulus increased with nanoclay content; while thermogravimetric analysis indicated that none of the nanoclays has a significant effect over the degradation temperature of pure PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the crystallinity of PLA is enhanced with nanoclay inclusion. For 1.34MN NCs, X-ray diffraction observations exposed that the mineral clay relative intensity peaks disappeared indicating nanoclay exfoliation, which contributes to the increase in tensile and flexural strength in the NCs. Nevertheless for 1.44P and 15A nanoclays, an increase in the interlayer distance (intercalation) was detected.

scholarly journals Poly(Lactic Acid)–Poly(Butylene Succinate)–Sugar Beet Pulp Composites; Part I: Mechanics of Composites with Fine and Coarse Sugar Beet Pulp Particles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Rodion Kopitzky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a residue available in large quantities from the sugar industry, and can serve as a cost-effective bio-based and biodegradable filler for fully bio-based compounds based on bio-based polyesters. The heterogeneous cell structure of sugar beet suggests that the processing of SBP can affect the properties of the composite. An “Ultra-Rotor” type air turbulence mill was used to produce SBP particles of different sizes. These particles were processed in a twin-screw extruder with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and fillers to granules for possible marketable formulations. Different screw designs, compatibilizers and the use of glycerol as a thermoplasticization agent for SBP were also tested. The spherical, cubic, or ellipsoidal-like shaped particles of SBP are not suitable for usage as a fiber-like reinforcement. In addition, the fineness of ground SBP affects the mechanical properties because (i) a high proportion of polar surfaces leads to poor compatibility, and (ii) due to the inner structure of the particulate matter, the strength of the composite is limited to the cohesive strength of compressed sugar-cell compartments of the SBP. The compatibilization of the polymer–matrix–particle interface can be achieved by using compatibilizers of different types. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture patterns show that the compatibilization can lead to both well-bonded particles and cohesive fracture patterns in the matrix. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties are limited by the impact and elongation behavior. Therefore, the applications of SBP-based composites must be well considered.

scholarly journals Effects of Rice Straw Powder (RSP) Size and Pretreatment on Properties of FDM 3D-Printed RSP/Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Wangwang Yu ◽  
Lili Dong ◽  
Wen Lei ◽  
Yuhan Zhou ◽  
Yongzhe Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
3D Printed

To develop a new kind of environment-friendly composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, rice straw powder (RSP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were FDM-3D-printed, and the effects of the particle size and pretreatment of RSP on the properties of RSP/PLA biocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that the 120-mesh RSP/PLA biocomposites (named 120#RSP/PLA) showed better performance than RSP/PLA biocomposites prepared with other RSP sizes. Infrared results showed that pretreatment of RSP by different methods was successful, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that composites prepared after pretreatment exhibited good interfacial compatibility due to a preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. When RSP was synergistically pretreated by alkaline and ultrasound, the composite exhibited a high tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 58.59, 568.68, 90.32, and 3218.12 MPa, respectively, reflecting an increase of 31.19%, 16.48%, 18.75%, and 25.27%, respectively, compared with unmodified 120#RSP/PLA. Pretreatment of RSP also improved the thermal stability and hydrophobic properties, while reducing the water absorption of 120#RSP/PLA. This work is believed to provide highlights of the development of cost-effective biocomposite filaments and improvement of the properties of FDM parts.

scholarly journals The combined plasticization of jute and tung oil anhydride for jute fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110576
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Can Chen ◽  
Lan Xie ◽  
Xiaolang Chen ◽  
Guangqiang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Pseudoplastic Fluid ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
The Impact

In this work, novel plasticizing biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by melt blending of jute and tung oil anhydride (TOA), and the physical and mechanical properties of PLA/jute/TOA composites were tested and characterized. The impact strength of PLA/jute/TOA composites significantly increases with increasing the content of TOA. The SEM images of fracture surface of PLA/jute/TOA composites become rough after the incorporation of TOA. In addition, TOA changes the crystallization temperature and decomposition process of PLA/jute/TOA composites. With increasing the amount of TOA, the value of storage modulus (E′) of PLA/jute/TOA composites gradually increases. The complex viscosity (η*) values for all samples reduce obviously with increasing the frequency, which means that the pure PLA and PLA/jute/TOA composites is typical pseudoplastic fluid. This is attributed to the formation of crosslinking, which restricts the deformation of the composites.

scholarly journals Impact Toughness and Ductility Enhancement of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends via Addition of Glycidyl Methacrylate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kit Chee ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
The Impact

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends were prepared via melt blending technique. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was added as reactive compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between immiscible phases of PLA and PCL matrices. Tensile test revealed that optimum in elongation at break of approximately 327% achieved when GMA loading was up to 3wt%. Slight drop in tensile strength and tensile modulus at optimum ratio suggested that the blends were tuned to be deformable. Flexural studies showed slight drop in flexural strength and modulus when GMA wt% increases as a result of improved flexibility by finer dispersion of PCL in PLA matrix. Besides, incorporation of GMA in the blends remarkably improved the impact strength. Highest impact strength was achieved (160% compared to pure PLA/PCL blend) when GMA loading was up to 3 wt%. SEM analysis revealed improved interfacial adhesion between PLA/PCL blends in the presence of GMA. Finer dispersion and smooth surface of the specimens were noted as GMA loading increases, indicating that addition of GMA eventually improved the interfacial compatibility of the nonmiscible blend.

scholarly journals Flexural Properties of Wet-Laid Hybrid Nonwoven Recycled Carbon and Flax Fibre Composites in Poly-Lactic Acid Matrix

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tse ◽  
Xueli Yu ◽  
Hugh Gong ◽  
Constantinos Soutis
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Properties

Recycling carbon fibre is crucial in the reduction of waste from the increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced composites in industry. The reclaimed fibres, however, are usually short and discontinuous as opposed to the continuous virgin carbon fibre. In this work, short recycled carbon fibres (rCF) were mixed with flax and poly-lactic acid (PLA) fibres acting as the matrix to form nonwoven mats through wet-laying. The mats were compression moulded to produce composites with different ratios of rCF and flax fibre in the PLA matrix. Their flexural behaviour was examined through three-point-bending tests, and their morphological properties were characterised with scanning electron and optical microscopes. Experimental data showed that the flexural properties increased with higher rCF content, with the maximum being a flexural modulus of approximately 14 GPa and flexural strength of 203 MPa with a fibre volume fraction of 75% rCF and 25% flax fibre. The intimate mixing of the fibres contributed to a lesser reduction of flexural properties when increasing the flax fibre content.

scholarly journals Investigation on compatibility of PLA/PBAT blends modified by epoxy-terminated branched polymers through chemical micro-crosslinking

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yujuan Jin ◽  
Kai’er Kang ◽  
Nan Yang ◽  
Yunxuan Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, a type of epoxy-terminated branched polymer (ETBP) was used as an interface compati- bilizer to modify the poly lactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) (70/30) blends. Upon addition of ETBP, the difference in glass transition temperature between PLA and PBAT became smaller. By adding 3.0 phr of ETBP, the elongation at break of the PLA/PBAT blends was found increased from 45.8% to 272.0%; the impact strength increased from 26.2 kJ·m−2 to 45.3 kJ·m−2. In SEM analysis, it was observed that the size of the dispersed PBAT particle decreased with the increasing of ETBP content. These results indicated that the compatibility between PLA and PBAT can be effectively enhanced by using ETBP as the modifier. The modification mechanism was discussed in detail. It proposes that both physical and chemical micro-crosslinking were formed, the latter of which was confirmed by gel content analysis.

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