scholarly journals BMI and dissatisfaction with life: contextual factors and socioemotional costs of obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Jarosz ◽  
Alexi Gugushvili
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Dissatisfaction ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Contextual Environment

Abstract Purpose In this study, we investigate whether individuals’ BMI categories are associated with being dissatisfied with one’s life, how this association is affected by the social comparison that individuals make, and what the role of the overall BMI levels in this process is. Methods We use data for 21,577 men and 27,415 women, collected in 2016 by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, from 34 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. To understand the moderating effect of contextual environment, we use multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models and data for national, regional, and cohort-specific BMI levels. Result We find that the association of BMI and dissatisfaction with life differs by gender, with overweight men being less likely to be dissatisfied with life than men with normal weight and obese women being more likely to be dissatisfied with life compared to women with normal weight. For contextual effects, we find that obese women in regions with low BMI levels are more likely to be dissatisfied with life. The effect of obesity on female life dissatisfaction is not observed in regions with high BMI levels. As for men, regional BMI levels affect the levels of life dissatisfaction but only for underweight men. Conclusions Our study adds additional nuance to the quality-of-life research by showing that the association between BMI and decreased life satisfaction is, at least partially, moderated by the contextual environment, and that the character of these effects differs by gender.

Abstract P432: Higher Muscle-to-Abdominal Cavity Ratio is Associated with Lower Odds of Type II Diabetes in Older Women

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Larsen ◽  
Matthew Allison ◽  
Eugene Kang ◽  
Sarah Saad ◽  
Gail A Laughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Excess abdominal adipose tissue has been identified as an important factor in the development of type II diabetes. Lean muscle tissue also plays an important role in glucose regulation, yet research on the role of muscle in diabetes etiology is limited. Abdominal muscle mass could be particularly relevant for normal weight diabetics, for whom excessive abdominal adipose tissue may play less of a role. Objective: To explore the association between muscle-to-abdominal cavity area ratio and prevalent diabetes in older community-dwelling women in the Rancho Bernardo Study, UCSD Filipino Women’s Health Study, and the Health Assessment Study of African-American Women. Methods: Participants were 421 women (40% Caucasian, 28% Filipina, 32% African American) with a mean age of 64 (6.9) years. Abdominal muscle and fat areas were measured using computed tomography (CT) scans, and were used to compute a muscle-to-abdominal cavity area ratio (MACR). Based on body mass index (BMI), participants were classified as normal weight (18-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9), or obese (30+). Prevalent diabetes was defined as self-report of physician diagnosis, anti-diabetes medication use, fasting morning glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2 hour glucose ≥ 200mg/dL. MACR was modeled per standard deviation (SD) and logistic regression was used to examine the association with diabetes while adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: Prevalent diabetes was seen in 12.8% of the sample (54 of 421). In age and race/ethnicity adjusted models, each SD increase in MACR was associated with significant reduced odds of diabetes (OR = 0.62, CI: 0.43-0.89, p = 0.01), which remained significant after further adjustment for BMI category, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, anti-hypertensive drugs, and estrogen use (OR = 0.64, CI: 0.41-0.98, p = .041). The association was modestly attenuated after further adjusting for visceral fat area (OR = 0.70, CI: 0.44-1.10, p = 0.12). Normal weight women with diabetes had significantly less total muscle (p = 0.045) and smaller MACR’s (p = 0.001) than those without diabetes, while this was not seen for overweight or obese women with diabetes. Stratified by BMI category, MACR was significantly associated with lower odds of diabetes for normal weight women across all three models (fully adjusted OR = 0.37, CI: 0.15-0.90, p =.03), yet was not associated with diabetes in any models for women who were overweight or obese (all p > 0.50). Interactions of MACR with race/ethnicity were not significant. Conclusions: Muscle-to-abdominal cavity ratio is associated with reduced likelihood of type II diabetes in women. This association differs by BMI category, with muscle showing the greatest protection in normal weight women, and no effect in overweight or obese women. This highlights the potential role of low muscle mass as a risk factor for diabetes, particularly in women who may appear to be at low risk.

scholarly journals Breakfast Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Overweight/Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Leandro Teixeira Cacau ◽  
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽  
Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasías ◽  
Natalia Giménez-Legarre ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Obesity in children and adolescents is a public health problem and diet can play a major role in this condition. We aimed to identify sex-specific dietary patterns (DP) and to evaluate the association with overweight/obesity in European adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 2327 adolescents aged between 12.5 to 17.5 years from a multicenter study across Europe. The body mass index was categorized in “normal weight” and “overweight/obesity”. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected with a computerized self-reported software. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify DP. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the sex-specific DP and overweight/obesity outcome. As a result, we found three DP in boys (snacking and bread, Mediterranean diet, and breakfast) and four DP in girls (convenience, plant-based and eggs, Western, and breakfast). The association between DP and overweight/obesity highlights that those adolescents with higher adherence to the breakfast DP had lower odds for overweight/obesity, even after the inclusion of covariables in the adjustments. In European adolescents, the breakfast DP positively characterized by breakfast cereals, fruit, milk, and dairy and negatively characterized by sugar-sweetened beverages in boys and negatively characterized by cereals (pasta, rice, and others) in girls, was inversely associated with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Maternal obesity and stillbirth at term; placental pathology—A case control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250983
Author(s):  
Hanna Åmark ◽  
Magnus Westgren ◽  
Meeli Sirotkina ◽  
Ingela Hulthén Varli ◽  
Martina Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Velamentous Cord Insertion

Objective The aim was to explore the potential role of the placenta for the risk of stillbirth at term in pregnancies of obese women. Methods This was a case-control study comparing placental findings from term stillbirths with placental findings from live born infants. Cases were singleton term stillbirths to normal weight or obese women, identified in the Stockholm stillbirth database, n = 264 and n = 87, respectively. Controls were term singletons born alive to normal weight or obese women, delivered between 2002–2005 and between 2018–2019. Placentas were compared between women with stillborn and live-born infants, using logistic regression analyses. Results A long and hyper coiled cord, cord thrombosis and velamentous cord insertion were stronger risk factors for stillbirth in obese women compared to normal weight women. When these variables were adjusted for in the logistic regression analysis, also adjusted for potential confounders, the odds ratio for stillbirth in obese women decreased from 1.89 (CI 1.24–2.89) to 1.63 (CI 1.04–2.56). Conclusion Approximately one fourth of the effect of obesity on the risk of stillbirth in term pregnancies is explained by umbilical cord associated pathology.

scholarly journals Plasma Obestatin Levels in Normal Weight, Obese and Anorectic Women

2008 ◽  
pp. S49-S55
Author(s):  
H Zamrazilová ◽  
V Hainer ◽  
D Sedlačková ◽  
H Papežová ◽  
M Kunešová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
The Common

Obestatin is a recently discovered peptide produced in the stomach, which was originally described to suppress food intake and decrease body weight in experimental animals. We investigated fasting plasma obestatin levels in normal weight, obese and anorectic women and associations of plasma obestatin levels with anthropometric and hormonal parameters. Hormonal (obestatin, ghrelin, leptin, insulin) and anthropometric parameters and body composition were examined in 15 normal weight, 21 obese and 15 anorectic women. Fasting obestatin levels were significantly lower in obese than in normal weight and anorectic women, whereas ghrelin to obestatin ratio was increased in anorectic women. Compared to leptin, only minor differences in plasma obestatin levels were observed in women who greatly differed in the amount of fat stores. However, a negative correlation of fasting obestatin level with body fat indexes might suggest a certain role of obestatin in the regulation of energy homeostasis. A significant relationship between plasma obestatin and ghrelin levels, independent of anthropometric parameters, supports simultaneous secretion of both hormones from the common precursor. Lower plasma obestatin levels in obese women compared to normal weight and anorectic women as well as increased ghrelin to obestatin ratio in anorectic women might play a role in body weight regulation in these pathologies.

scholarly journals Effect of overweight/obesity on caesarean section occurrence among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: a secondary data analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000121
Author(s):  
Melese Linger Endalifer ◽  
Gedefaw Diress ◽  
Hunegnaw Almaw ◽  
Bedilu Linger Endalifer
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

BackgroundThe burden of overweight/obesity increased worldwide and it has unpredictable effect on maternal morbidity and mortality. Different adverse perinatal outcomes observed in overweight/obese women, of those caesarean section occurred frequently. In Ethiopia, the national caesarean section and overweight/obesity rate among reproductive-aged women increased tremendously. Therefore, we intend to assess the association between overweight/obesity with caesarean section in Ethiopia.MethodThe data were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey in nine regions and two city administrations. A stratified two-stage random sampling design was used to collect data. The exposure variable was overweight/obesity, and the outcome variable was a caesarean section. The final analytical sample consisted of 6928 participants. SPSS V.23 was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were performed to describe the study variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were regressed.ResultsThe prevalence of caesarean section among women aged between 15–49 years old who gave birth in the last 5 years was 245 (3.54%). The occurrence of caesarean section among overweight/obese women was 2.05 higher as compared with normal-weight women (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.83).Conclusion and recommendationPromoting weight reduction programmes throughout the country would have a greater contribution to reduce caesarean section rate and health cost, and to improve the health of the mother.

scholarly journals Mid-gestation serum lipidomic profile associations with spontaneous preterm birth are influenced by body mass index

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0239115
Author(s):  
Kamil Borkowski ◽  
John W. Newman ◽  
Nima Aghaeepour ◽  
Jonathan A. Mayo ◽  
Ivana Blazenović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Estrogen Metabolism ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Unsaturated Triglycerides

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. While metabolic changes leading to preterm birth are unknown, several factors including dyslipidemia and inflammation have been implicated and paradoxically both low (<18.5 kg/m2) and high (>30 kg/m2) body mass indices (BMIs) are risk factors for this condition. The objective of the study was to identify BMI-associated metabolic perturbations and potential mid-gestation serum biomarkers of preterm birth in a cohort of underweight, normal weight and obese women experiencing either sPTB or full-term deliveries (n = 102; n = 17/group). For this purpose, we combined untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics with targeted metabolic profiling of major regulators of inflammation and metabolism, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and ceramides. Women who were obese and had sPTB showed elevated oxidative stress and dyslipidemia characterized by elevated serum free fatty acids. Women who were underweight-associated sPTB also showed evidence of dyslipidemia characterized by elevated phospholipids, unsaturated triglycerides, sphingomyelins, cholesteryl esters and long-chain acylcarnitines. In normal weight women experiencing sPTB, the relative abundance of 14(15)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids to other regioisomers were altered at mid-pregnancy. This phenomenon is not yet associated with any biological process, but may be linked to estrogen metabolism. These changes were differentially modulated across BMI groups. In conclusion, using metabolomics we observed distinct BMI-dependent metabolic manifestations among women who had sPTB. These observations suggest the potential to predict sPTB mid-gestation using a new set of metabolomic markers and BMI stratification. This study opens the door to further investigate the role of cytochrome P450/epoxide hydrolase metabolism in sPTB.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

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