scholarly journals Left ventricular remodeling in rugby is a physiological adaptation to exercise: a pilot study conducted with high-level athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Dias Rato ◽  
Joanna Richards
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rugby Players

Abstract Purpose Literature examining left ventricular (LV) structural adaptations to combined strength and endurance training is inconsistent. Rugby is a sport that combines these two exercise modalities, both during training and match play. This study aimed to explore differences in LV structure between high-level rugby players and untrained controls. Body composition analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate indexing variable for LV mass (LVM) and understand if increases in LV represent either a training-related physiological adaptation or reflect the groups’ anthropometric differences. Methods A cross-sectional design compared 10 rugby players and 10 untrained age-matched, male controls. Body composition was obtained by bioelectrical impedance. M-mode echocardiographic imaging was performed on the LV from the parasternal long axis view. Results Significantly greater end-diastolic interventricular septum, LV internal diameter, posterior wall thickness, LVM and LVM/fat-free mass (FFM) (p < 0.05) were found in rugby players compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation tests revealed FFM to be the body composition variable with the strongest correlation to LVM (r = 0.775, p < 0.001). Conclusion The differences in LV structure between groups suggest that the combined endurance and strength training that rugby athletes are subjected to, induce a process of concentric and eccentric enlargement of the LV structure. Furthermore, the association found with FFM, suggests it to be the most appropriate body scaling variable to index to LVM and, thus, should be considered when describing increases in LVM. The present research suggests that increased LVM in the athletes group represents true physiological adaptations to training.

scholarly journals A Comparison of an Alternative Weight-Grading Model Against Chronological Age Group Model for the Grouping of Schoolboy Male Rugby Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Lentin ◽  
Sean Cumming ◽  
Julien Piscione ◽  
Patrick Pezery ◽  
Moez Bouchouicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Grading Model ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Weight Model

ObjectivesConcerns regarding marked differences in the weights and body composition of young rugby players competing within the same age groups have led to the suggestion of alternative models for grouping young players. The aims of this study were (1) to compare variance in the body size and body composition of schoolboy rugby players (9 to 14 years), across weight- and age-grading models, and (2) to identify morphotypes for the weight model using Hattori’s body composition chart.Materials and MethodsSkinfold thickness measurements were used to assess body fat mass (BF), fat-free mass (FFM), body fat mass index (BFMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Standardized measure of height and weight were taken for all participants. Data were grouped according to the age categories of the French Rugby Federation (U11: Under 11 years, U13: Under 13 years, and U15: Under 15 years), and to the weight categories (W30–44.9; W45–59.9; and W60–79.9) carried out from 25th and 75th weight percentile in each age category. Body mass index status (NW normal-weight versus OW/OB overweight/obese) was considered. Extreme morphotypes are characterized from BFMI and FFMI in the weight-grading model on Hattori’s body composition chart.ResultsThe dispersion of anthropometric characteristics decreased significantly for the weight model, except for height in all groups and BFMI for U13. Among NW, 3, 1.8, and 0% upgraded; 18.2, 68.7, and 45.5% downgraded; among OW, 50, 21.5, and 12.5%; and among OB, 91.3, 83.3, and 74.6% upgraded, respectively, in U11, U13, U15. FFMI/BFMI were correlated in U11 (r = 0.80, p &lt; 0.001), U13 (r = 0.66, p &lt; 0.001), and U15 (r = 0.77, p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation in W45–59.9 and low correlations in W30–44.9 (r = 0.25, p &lt; 0.001) and W60–79.9 (r = 0.29, p &lt; 0.001). Significant grading difference between the centroids (p &lt; 0.05) and the distribution deviates from centroids of BFMI and FFMI (p &lt; 0.0001) were noted between the two models. Thirteen players were located in adipo-slender, twenty-three in adipo-solid, twenty-two in lean-slender, and two located in the lean-solid morphotype in weight model.ConclusionA weight-grading model should be considered to limit mismatches in anthropometric variables. However, variations of body composition also persisted for this model. Hattori’s body composition chart allowed more detailed examination of morphological atypicalities among schoolboy rugby players.

scholarly journals Body composition predicted with a Bayesian network from simple variables

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Mioche ◽  
Caroline Bidot ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Denis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Health Issues

The relative contributions of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) to body weight are key indicators for several major public health issues. Predictive models could offer new insights into body composition analysis. A non-parametric equation derived from a probabilistic Bayesian network (BN) was established by including sex, age, body weight and height. We hypothesised that it would be possible to assess the body composition of any subject from easily accessible covariables by selecting an adjusted FFM value within a reference dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement database (1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),n10 402). FM was directly calculated as body weight minus FFM. A French DXA database (n1140) was used (1) to adjust the model parameters (n380) and (2) to cross-validate the model responses (n760). French subjects were significantly different from American NHANES subjects with respect to age, weight and FM. Despite this different population context, BN prediction was highly reliable. Correlations between BN predictions and DXA measurements were significant for FFM (R20·94,P < 0·001, standard error of prediction (SEP) 2·82 kg) and the percentage of FM (FM%) (R20·81,P < 0·001, SEP 3·73 %). Two previously published linear models were applied to the subjects of the French database and compared with BN predictions. BN predictions were more accurate for both FFM and FM than those obtained from linear models. In addition, BN prediction generated stochastic variability in the FM% expressed in terms of BMI. The use of such predictions in large populations could be of interest for many public health issues.

scholarly journals Withings Body Cardio Versus Gold Standards of Pulse-Wave Velocity and Body Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Scott R. Collier ◽  
Conner McCraw ◽  
Megan Campany ◽  
Austin Lubkemann ◽  
Price StClair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Home Blood Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Home Setting

Home blood pressure monitors are widely used by consumers yet cardiovascular health may be better defined by pulse-wave velocity (PWV). So far, the Withings Body Cardio scale is the only consumer device that has been designed to measure PWV and body composition, including fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), in the home setting. While one study has demonstrated that this device meets the acceptable accuracy standards of the ARTERY Society, no study has accounted for the gravitational effect of standing on a scale on aortic-leg PWV. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of PWV and body composition as determined by the Body Cardio scale. Methods: Measurements of PWV and body composition in healthy, young males and females (n = 20) using the Body Cardio device were compared to PWV assessed by applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor) and body composition analysis determined by air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod). Bland–Altman analysis and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) were used to assess accuracy. Results: Data are reported as the mean bias (95% confidence interval). The Body Cardio overestimated PWV by 0.68 m/s (−0.16, 1.51) and FM by 2.91 kg (−2.91, 8.73). Body Cardio PWV and FM estimations had a MAPE of 9.7% and 25.8%, respectively. The Body Cardio underestimated body mass (BM) and FFM by 0.11 kg (−0.41, 0.18) and 2.87 kg (−9.04, 3.30), respectively. Body Cardio BM and FFM estimations had a MAPE of 0.15% and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The Body Cardio scale provides accurate measures of BM and PWV; however, it should be used cautiously for measures of FM and FFM.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Structural and Functional Indices in Broiler Chickens Treated with Silver Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Raieszadeh ◽  
Vahid Noaman ◽  
Mehrdad Yadegari
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment ◽  
Fractional Shortening

270 Ross broiler chickens of twenty days old were housed in 18-floor pens in a completely randomized design with six treatment groups and three replicate groups and fifteen chicks per each pen. The treatment groups (1–6) consisted of 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 70 ppm of nanocide in drinking water, respectively. At 26 days of age, 3 chickens were selected randomly for echocardiography using a 7.5 MHz linear probe, and the left ventricular internal diameter at the end of diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter at the end of systole (LVIDs), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), interventricular septum thickness at the end of systole (IVSTs), and interventricular septum thickness at the end of diastole (IVSTd) were evaluated. LVIDd and LVIDs in group six were of higher rate than other groups and showed statistically significant differences with groups two, three, and four (P<0.05). LVFS, percentage of EF, and IVSTd were minimum in group six and had significant difference with other groups (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that prescription of high dosage of nanocide leads to cardiovascular problems with decrease in myocardial contractility and increase in the internal diameter of left ventricle.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Justin Merrigan ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

scholarly journals Ichthyometry and electrical bioimpedance analysis to estimate the body composition of tambatinga

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Teixeira Andrade ◽  
Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu ◽  
João Batista Lopes ◽  
Agustinho Valente de Figueiredo ◽  
Maria de Nazaré Bona Alencar Araripe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
The Relationship

Body composition analysis is relevant to characterize the nutritional requirements and finishing phase of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ichthyometric (weight, total and standard length, density and yields), bromatological (fat, protein, ash and water content) and bioelectrical-impedance-analysis (BIA) (resistance, reactance, phase angle and composition indexes) variables in the hybrid tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus brachypomus). In a non-fertilized vivarium, 520 juveniles were housed and fed commercial rations. Then, 136 days after hatching (DAH), 15 fish with an average weight of 37.69 g and average total length of 12.96 cm were randomly chosen, anesthetized (eugenol) and subjected to the first of fourteen fortnightly assessments (BIA and biometry). After euthanasia, the following parts were weighed: whole carcass with the head, fillet, and skin (WC); fillet with skin (FS); and the remainder of the carcass with the head (CH). Together, FS and CH were ground and homogenized for the bromatological analyses. Estimates of the body composition and yields of tambatinga, with models including ichthyometric and BIA variables, showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.81 (for the FS yield) to 1,00 (for the total ash). Similarly, models that included only BIA variables had correlation coefficients ranging from 0.81 (FS and CH yields) to 0.98 (for the total ash). Therefore, in tambatinga, the BIA technique allows the estimation of the yield of the fillet with skin and the body composition (water content, fat, ash, and protein). The best models combine ichthyometric and BIA variables.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Body Composition Analysis and Biochemical Nutritional Markers in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Luciana Carmen Nitoi ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Anca Pantea Stoian ◽  
Lavinia Alexandra Moroianu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Arterial Line ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Several approaches have been used to assess protein-energy wasting syndrome, such as clinical evaluation, biochemical nutritional markers, anthropometric measurements, but Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) techniques hold a central place in clinical settings. The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience with BIA and the correlations between biochemical nutritional markers and BIA nutritional parameters in hemodialysis (HD) patients associating or free of chronic liver disease. This cross-sectional observational study included 69 HD patients divided into two groups: 33 with chronic liver disease (CLD+) versus 36 chronic liver disease-free (CLD-) from one HD unit in Romania. Serum albumin (SA), serum creatinine (SCr) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were obtained from the HD arterial line immediately before the HD session and by BIA the body composition including total body water (TBW), total body fat (TBF), lean fat free mass(LFFM), body muscular mass (BMM), malnutrition index and body protein reserve (PR) were assessed. No significant differences between groups were found in BCM, BMM, PR and TBF (p = 0.92, p = 0.60, p = 0.907, and p = 0.634, respectively). Malnutrition index had a significantly higher mean value in HD-CLD(+) patients (p = 0.00). HD-CLD(-) group showed a strong correlation between SA and SCr and BCM, BMM (kg), LFFM (kg) and body PR (kg) (r=.48, r=.50, r=.44, r=.50; resp. r=.42, r=.40, r=.36, r=.42). In HD-CLD(+) patients, a significant positive correlation was found between SA and SCr and LFFM and body PR (r=.37, r=.35; resp. r=.44, r=.35). Discussion: BIA is one of the most accurate techniques for assessing nutritional status and should be regularly used in clinical practice along with biochemical nutritional markers in HD patients. Although the protein metabolism depends to a large extent on liver function, CLD cannot be considered as having a significant impact on nutritional status in HD patients.

scholarly journals Fitness and body composition profiling of elite junior South African rugby players

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Durandt ◽  
S Du Toit ◽  
J Borresen ◽  
T Hew-Butler ◽  
H Masimla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sprinting Speed ◽  
Rugby Players

Objective. The aim of this study was to describe the body composition, strength and speed characteristics of elite junior South African rugby players. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Field study. Subjects. Rugby players (16 and 18 years old, N = 174) selected for the South African Rugby Union National Green Squad. Outcome measures. Body composition, 10 m and 40 m speed, agility, 1RM bench press, underhand pull-ups, push-ups, multistage shuttle run. Results. The under-16 players were on average shorter (175.6 ± 5.7 v. 179.2 ± 6.7 cm), weighed less (76.5 ± 8.2 v. 84.8 ± 8.3 kg) had less upper body absolute strength (77.1 ± 11.8 kg v. 95.3 ± 16.7 kg) and muscular endurance (41 ± 12 v. 52 ± 15 push-ups) and aerobic fitness (87.1 ± 19.4 v. 93.5 ± 15.3 shuttles) than the under-18 players. There were no differences in body fat, sprinting speed (10 m and 40 m) or agility between the two age groups. There were differences between playing positions, with the props having the most body fat, strongest upper bodies, slowest sprinting speed, least agility and lowest aerobic capacity compared with players in the other positions. Conclusion. This study provides data for elite junior rugby players and can be used to monitor the progression of players after intervention while also assisting with talent identification for the different playing positions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (2) 2006: pp. 38-45

scholarly journals RARE-59. CARDIAC REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH CHILDHOOD-ONSET CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA – RESULTS OF HIT-ENDO AND KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000/2007

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii455-iii455
Author(s):  
Panjarat Sowithayasakul ◽  
Leona Katharin Buschmann ◽  
Svenja Boekhoff ◽  
Hermann L Müller
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Hypothalamic Obesity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract BACKGROUND Hypothalamic obesity caused by childhood–onset craniopharyngioma results in long–term cardiovascular morbidity. Knowledge about clinical markers and risk factors is rare. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross–sectional study on transthoracic echocardiographic parameters was performed to determine the associations with clinical and anthropometric parameters in 36 patients with childhood-onset adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI) correlated with the thickness of interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) (r=0.604, p&lt;0.001) and left ventricular diastolic posterior wall in diastole (LVPWd) (r=0.460, p=0.011). Due to wide range of disease duration, 17 pediatric and 19 adult patients were analyzed separately. In the adult subgroup (age at study ≥18 years), BMI correlated with IVSd (r=0.707, p=0.003), LVPWd (r=0.592, p=0.020) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd) (r=0.571, p=0.026). In the pediatric subgroup (age at study &lt;18 years), no correlation between cardiac parameters and BMI was observed. Only LVIDd correlated with disease duration (r=0.645, p&lt;0.001). All cardiac functions were within the normal range, indicating no association with severe functional impairments. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac remodeling in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma correlates with the degree of hypothalamic obesity and disease duration. However, echocardiography has limited sensitivity in craniopharyngioma patients with obesity, so cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be considered as an alternative diagnostic approach for patients with craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic obesity.

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