scholarly journals Associations between ambient air pollutants and hospital admissions: more needs to be done

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill JF Belch ◽  
Catherine Fitton ◽  
Bianca Cox ◽  
James D Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Health Care Records

AbstractDeaths from air pollution in the UK are higher by a factor of 10 than from car crashes, 7 for drug-related deaths and 52 for murders, and yet awareness seems to be lacking in local government. We conducted an 18-year retrospective cohort study using routinely collected health care records from Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, and Perth Royal Infirmary, in Tayside, Scotland, UK, from 2000 to 2017. Hospitalisation events and deaths were linked to daily nitric oxides (NOX, NO, NO2), and particulate matter 10 (PM10) levels extracted from publicly available data over this same time period. Distributed lag models were used to estimate risk ratios for hospitalisation and mortality, adjusting for temperature, humidity, day of the week, month and public holiday. Nitric oxides and PM10 were associated with an increased risk of all hospital admissions and cardiovascular (CV) admissions on day of exposure to pollutant. This study shows a significant increase in all cause and CV hospital admissions, on high pollution days in Tayside, Scotland.

scholarly journals Air pollution and hospital admissions and deaths due to respiratory infections in megacity of Tehran: A time series analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Namvar ◽  
Mostafa Hadei ◽  
Seyed Saeed Hashemi ◽  
Elahe Shahhosseini ◽  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the main causes for the significant increase of respiratory infections in Tehran. In the present study, we investigated the associations between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with the hospital admissions and deaths. Materials and methods: Health data from 39915 hospital admissions and 2459 registered deaths associated with these hospital admissions for respiratory infections were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during 2014-2017. We used the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) for the analyses. Results: There was a statistically positive association between PM2.5 and AURI in the age group of 16 years and younger at lags 6 (RR 1.31; 1.05-1.64) and 7 (RR 1.50; 1.09-2.06). AURI admissions was associated with O3 in the age group of 16 and 65 years at lag 7 with RR 1.13 (1.00-1.27). ALRI admissions was associated with CO in the age group of 65 years and older at lag 0 with RR 1.12 (1.02-1.23). PM10 was associated with ALRI daily hospital admissions at lag 0 for males. ALRI admissions were associated with NO2 for females at lag 0. There was a positive association between ALRI deaths and SO2 in the age group of 65 years and older at lags 4 and 5 with RR 1.04 (1.00-1.09) and 1.03 (1.00-1.07), respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to outdoor air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO was associated with hospital admissions for AURI and ALRI at different lags. Moreover, exposure to SO2 was associated with deaths for ALRI.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Air Pollution and All-Cause Mortality in Singapore

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Cheong ◽  
En ◽  
Pek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Population ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Ambient air pollution is a risk factor for both acute and chronic diseases and poses serious health threats to the world population. We aim to study the relationship between air pollution and all-cause mortality in the context of a city-state exposed to the Southeast Asian haze problem. The primary exposure was ambient air pollution, as measured by the Pollutants Standards Index (PSI). The outcome of interest was all-cause mortality from 2010–2015. A time-stratified case-crossover design was performed. A conditional Poisson regression model, including environmental variables such as PSI, temperature, wind speed, and rainfall, was fitted to the daily count of deaths to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of mortality per unit increase in PSI, accounting for overdispersion and autocorrelation. To account for intermediate exposure effects (maximum lag of 10 days), a distributed lag non-linear model was used. There were 105,504 deaths during the study period. Increment in PSI was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality. The adjusted IRR of mortality per the 10-unit increase in PSI was 1.01 (95%CI = 1.00–1.01). The lag effect was stronger when PSI was in the unhealthy range compared to the good and moderate ranges. At lag = 7 days, PSI appeared to have an adverse effect on mortality, although the effect was not significant. These findings provide evidence on the general health hazard of exposure to air pollution and can potentially guide public health policies in the region.

scholarly journals Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9617
Author(s):  
Sajith Priyankara ◽  
Mahesh Senarathna ◽  
Rohan Jayaratne ◽  
Lidia Morawska ◽  
Sachith Abeysundara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Pm10 Exposure

Evidence of associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and health outcomes are sparse in the South Asian region due to limited air pollution exposure and quality health data. This study investigated the potential impacts of ambient particulate matter (PM) on respiratory disease hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka for the year 2019. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to estimate the short-term effect of ambient PM on respiratory disease hospitalization. As the second analysis, respiratory disease hospitalizations during two distinct air pollution periods were analyzed. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease hospitalization by 1.95% (0.25, 3.67) and 1.63% (0.16, 3.12), respectively. The effect of PM2.5 or PM10 on asthma hospitalizations were 4.67% (1.23, 8.23) and 4.04% (1.06, 7.11), respectively (p < 0.05). The 65+ years age group had a higher risk associated with PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and hospital admissions for all respiratory diseases on the same day (2.74% and 2.28%, respectively). Compared to the lower ambient air pollution period, higher increased hospital admissions were observed among those aged above 65 years, males, and COPD and pneumonia hospital admissions during the high ambient air pollution period. Active efforts are crucial to improve ambient air quality in this region to reduce the health effects.

scholarly journals North African dust intrusions and increased risk of respiratory diseases in Southern Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Silva ◽  
M. Fragoso ◽  
R. Almendra ◽  
J. Vasconcelos ◽  
A. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
African Dust ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The North ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
North African Countries

AbstractThe study of dust intrusions in Portugal is still a subject on which little investigation has been made, especially in terms of their effects. Thus, this work aims to achieve two goals: firstly, to characterize the dust intrusions in the study area; and secondly, to evaluate the possible statistical association between the dust intrusion days and hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases. Dust intrusions in Portugal are prevalent during the summer season. During this season, the dust plumes tend to cover broader areas than in the other seasons and they have origin in the North African countries. In the study area for the period between 2005 and 2015, the relative risk of urgent hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases was 12.6% higher during dust intrusion days. In order to obtain this statistical association, a Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model was developed. With this work, we expect to help the development of further studies regarding North African dust intrusions in Portugal, more precisely their effects on human health.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Asthma in Children From Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution: Case-Crossover Evidence From Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakun Zhao ◽  
Dehui Kong ◽  
Jia Fu ◽  
Yongqiao Zhang ◽  
Yuxiong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asthma In Children

Background: Previous studies suggested that exposure to air pollution could increase risk of asthma attacks in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on asthma hospital admissions in children in Beijing, a city with serious air pollution and high-quality medical care at the same time.Methods: We collected hospital admission data of asthma patients aged ≤ 18 years old from 56 hospitals from 2013 to 2016 in Beijing, China. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional Poisson regression were applied to explore the association between risk of asthma admission in children and the daily concentration of six air pollutants [particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3)], adjusting for meteorological factors and other pollutants. Additionally, stratified analyses were performed by age, gender, and season.Results: In the single-pollutant models, higher levels of PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 were significantly associated with increased risk of hospital admission for asthma in children. The strongest effect was observed in NO2 at lag06 (RR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.06-1.48), followed by SO2 at lag05 (RR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.05–1.31). The robustness of effects of SO2 and NO2 were shown in two-pollutant models. Stratified analyses further indicated that pre-school children (aged ≤ 6 years) were more susceptible to SO2. The effects of SO2 were stronger in the cold season, while the effects of NO2 were stronger in the warm season. No significant sex-specific differences were observed.Conclusions: These results suggested that high levels of air pollution had an adverse effect on childhood asthma, even in a region with high-quality healthcare. Therefore, it will be significant to decrease hospital admissions for asthma in children by controlling air pollution emission and avoiding exposure to air pollution.

scholarly journals Association between living with children and outcomes from covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort study of 12 million adults in England

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Forbes ◽  
Caroline E Morton ◽  
Seb Bacon ◽  
Helen I McDonald ◽  
Caroline Minassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intensive Care Admission ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Objective To investigate whether risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) differed between adults living with and without children during the first two waves of the UK pandemic. Design Population based cohort study, on behalf of NHS England. Setting Primary care data and pseudonymously linked hospital and intensive care admissions and death records from England, during wave 1 (1 February to 31 August 2020) and wave 2 (1 September to 18 December 2020). Participants Two cohorts of adults (18 years and over) registered at a general practice on 1 February 2020 and 1 September 2020. Main outcome measures Adjusted hazard ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection, covid-19 related admission to hospital or intensive care, or death from covid-19, by presence of children in the household. Results Among 9 334 392 adults aged 65 years and under, during wave 1, living with children was not associated with materially increased risks of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection, covid-19 related hospital or intensive care admission, or death from covid-19. In wave 2, among adults aged 65 years and under, living with children of any age was associated with an increased risk of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection (hazard ratio 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.08) for living with children aged 0-11 years; 1.22 (1.20 to 1.24) for living with children aged 12-18 years) and covid-19 related hospital admission (1.18 (1.06 to 1.31) for living with children aged 0-11; 1.26 (1.12 to 1.40) for living with children aged 12-18). Living with children aged 0-11 was associated with reduced risk of death from both covid-19 and non-covid-19 causes in both waves; living with children of any age was also associated with lower risk of dying from non-covid-19 causes. For adults 65 years and under during wave 2, living with children aged 0-11 years was associated with an increased absolute risk of having SARS-CoV-2 infection recorded of 40-60 per 10 000 people, from 810 to between 850 and 870, and an increase in the number of hospital admissions of 1-5 per 10 000 people, from 160 to between 161 and 165. Living with children aged 12-18 years was associated with an increase of 160-190 per 10 000 in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and an increase of 2-6 per 10 000 in the number of hospital admissions. Conclusions In contrast to wave 1, evidence existed of increased risk of reported SARS-CoV-2 infection and covid-19 outcomes among adults living with children during wave 2. However, this did not translate into a materially increased risk of covid-19 mortality, and absolute increases in risk were small.

scholarly journals Short-Term Joint Effects of PM10, NO2 and SO2 on Cardio-Respiratory Disease Hospital Admissions in Cape Town, South Africa

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo ◽  
Janine Wichmann ◽  
Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe ◽  
Nicole Probst-Hensch ◽  
Christian Schindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Disease Hospital

Background/Aim: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM10, NO2, and SO2 up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season. Results: The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM10, NO2, and SO2 at lag 0–1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5–3.2%), 2.3% (0.6–4%), and 1.1% (−0.2–2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6–3.5%), 1% (−0.8–2.8%), and −0.3% (−1.6–1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m3 for PM10, 7.3 µg/m3 for NO2, and 3.6 µg/m3 for SO2. The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM10 and NO2 for children were 2% (0.2–3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7–5.6%), respectively. Conclusion: We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM10 and NO2 concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.

scholarly journals An 18 year data-linkage study on the association between air pollution and acute limb ischaemia

VASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-467
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Fitton ◽  
Bianca Cox ◽  
James D. Chalmers ◽  
Jill J. F. Belch
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Acute Limb Ischaemia

Summary: Background: There is limited information regarding the effects of air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitric oxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (NO) and particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10), on acute limb ischaemia (ALI), a peripheral arterial disease (PAD) often with a poor clinical outcome. Patients and methods: We conducted an 18-year retrospective cohort study using routinely collected healthcare records from Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, and Perth Royal Infirmary, in Tayside, Scotland, UK from 2000 to 2017. ALI hospitalisation events and deaths were linked to daily NOx, NO2, NO and PM10 levels extracted from publicly available data over this same time period. Distributed lag models were used to estimate risk ratios for ALI hospitalisation and for ALI mortality, adjusting for temperature, humidity, day of the week, month and public holiday. Results: 5,608 hospital admissions in 2,697 patients were identified over the study period (mean age 71.2 years, ±11.1). NOx and NO were associated with an increase of ALI hospital admissions on days of exposure to pollutant (p=.018), while PM10 was associated with a cumulative (lag 0–9 days) increase (p=.027) of ALI hospital admissions in our study. There was no increase of ALI mortality associated with pollution levels. Conclusions: ALI hospital admissions were positively associated with ambient NOx and NO on day of high measured pollution levels and a cumulative effect was seen with PM10.

Using distributed lag models to predict regional budget revenues

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1172
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Granitsa
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Result

Subject. The article addresses projections of regional budget revenues, using distributed lag models. Objectives. The purpose is to review economic and statistical tools that are suitable for the analysis of relationship between the revenues of the regional budget system and regional macroeconomic predictors. Methods. The study draws on statistical, constructive, economic and mathematical methods of analysis. Results. In models with quantitative variables obtained under the Almon method, the significant predictors in the forecasting of regional budget revenues are determined mainly by the balanced financial result, the consumer price index, which characterizes inflation processes in the region, and the unemployment rate being the key indicator of the labor market. Models with quantitative variables obtained through the Koyck transformation are characterized by a wider range of predictors, the composition of which is determined by the peculiarities of economic situation in regions. The two-year forecast provides the average lag obtained during the evaluation of the models. The exception is the impact of unemployment rate, which is characterized as long-term. Conclusions. To generate forecasts of budget parameters, the results of both the Koyck method and the Almon method should be considered, though the former is more promising.

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