scholarly journals Comparative assessment on the probable mechanisms underlying the hepatorenal toxicity of commercial imidacloprid and hexaflumuron formulations in rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman I. Hassanen ◽  
Ahmed M. Hussien ◽  
Sally Mehanna ◽  
Marwa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Neven H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Abstract Pesticides are viewed as a major wellspring of ecological contamination and causing serious risky consequences for people and animals. Imidacloprid (IM) and hexaflumuron (HFM) are extensively utilized insect poisons for crop assurance on the planet. A few investigations examined IM harmfulness in rodents, but its exact mechanism hasn’t been mentioned previously as well as the toxicity of HFM doesn’t elucidate yet. For this reason, the present study was designed to explore the mechanism of each IM and HFM–evoked rat liver and kidney toxicity and to understand its molecular mechanism. 21 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups, as follows: group (1), normal saline; group (2), IM; and group (3), HFM. Both insecticides were orally administered every day for 28 days at a dose equal to 1/10 LD50 from the active ingredient. After 28 days postdosing, rats were anesthetized to collect blood samples then euthanized to collect liver and kidney tissue specimens. The results showed marked changes in walking, body tension, alertness, and head movement with a significant reduction in rats’ body weight in both IM and HFM receiving groups. Significant increases in MDA levels and decrease of GHS levels were recorded in liver and kidney homogenates of either IM or HFM groups. Liver and kidney tissues obtained from both pesticide receiving groups showed extensive histopathological alterations with a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels. In addition, there was upregulation of the transcript levels of casp-3, JNK, and HO-1 genes with strong immunopositivity of casp-3, TNF-ὰ, and NF-KB protein expressions in the liver and kidneys of rats receiving either IM or HFM compared with the control group. In all studied parameters, HFM caused hepatorenal toxicity more than those induced by IM. We can conclude that each IM and HFM provoked liver and kidneys damage through overproduction of ROS, activation of NF-KB signaling pathways and mitochondrial/JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.

scholarly journals Toxicopathological and Molecular Studies on Imidacloprid and Hexaflumuron-induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman I. Hassanen ◽  
Ahmed M. Hussien ◽  
Sally Mehanna ◽  
Marwa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Neven H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Pesticides are considered the main source of environmental pollution and causing severe hazardous effects on humans and livestock. Imidacloprid (IC) and hexaflumuron (HFM) are broadly used insecticides for crop protection in the world. Some studies discussed IC toxicity in rats, but the toxicity of HFM doesn’t elucidate yet. So that, the current study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis and the mechanistic way of both IC and HFM induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats with comprehensive insight into its molecular mechanism. 21 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as the following: group (1), normal saline; group (2), receiving IC; and group (3), receiving HFM. All the following materials were orally administered every day for 28 days. At the end, all rats were euthanized to collect blood and organ samples (liver and kidneys). The results revealed behavioral alterations in walking, body tension, alertness, and head movement as well as a decrease in body weight of rats receiving either IC or HFM. In addition to increasing the levels of MDA with decreasing GHS levels in liver and kidney homogenates. Both liver and kidney tissues showed extensive histopathological alterations associated with increasing the serum levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine as well as reduction in total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels. Furthermore, there was upregulation of m-RNA levels of caspase-3, JNK, and HO-1 genes with strong positive reaction of caspase-3, TNF-ὰ and NF-KB proteins in both liver and kidneys of rats receiving either IC or HFM compared with the control group. We can conclude that both IC and HFM induced oxidative hepatorenal damage via ROS overproduction that activate NF-KB signaling pathways and mitochondrial and JNK dependent apoptosis pathway.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF BUNIUM BULBOCASTANUM SEEDS EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
PITAMBAR KHANAL ◽  
NABINA PAUDEL ◽  
SUSHANT ARYAL ◽  
PRAMOD ARYAL
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of Bunim bulbocastanum seeds extracts, to exploit the medicinal use of plant in the traditional system of medicine scientifically. Methods: The adult Wistar albino rats were divided in four groups, i.e. Group M1 (control group) receiving normal saline, group M2 (test group 1) receiving the 250 mg/kg Bunium bulbocastanum extract, group M2 (test group 2) receiving the 500 mg/kg Bunium bulbocastanum extract and group M4 (reference) receiving 3 mg/kg P. O Loperamide. Each group of mice with a bodyweight of 1 ml/100 g received castor oil. Mice were sacrificed and the distance traveled by the charcoal meal and the total length of the intestine was then measured. The peristaltic index and percentage of inhibition were calculated by using the formula. Results: It was found that in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit method extract produced a significant (p<0.0001) dose-dependent reduction in the distance traveled by charcoal meal comparable to the control peak effect was at the dose of 500 mg/kg (PI=12.06±3.38). Likewise, in the diarrheal dropping test, Bunium bulbocastanum extract causes a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the number of wet feces i.e. the mean wet of feces was decreased from 2.3±0.44 gm to 1.28±0.36 gm i.e. significantly different from that elicited by control (0.80±0.17 gm) (p=0.0081). However, there were no significant differences in inhibition at a dose of 250 mg/kg of extract. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the crude methanol extract from B. bulbocastanum seeds possesses significant antidiarrheal property and the presence of various secondary metabolites. This justified the antidiarrheal use of plant in the traditional system of medicine.

Citrullus colocynthis Linn. Fruit extract ameliorates cisplatin-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi ◽  
Ismail O. Ishola ◽  
Ifeoluwa D. Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin-induced acute liver and kidney injuries are serious problems in cancer patients during treatment of solid tumours.ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate possible protective effect of ethanolic fruit extract ofMethodsThirty male albino rats (150–200 g) were divided into five groups (n=6) and treated as follows: group 1: vehicle (10 mL/kg, p.o.; normal control); group 2: vehicle (10 mL/kg); groups 3–5: CC (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively, for 10 days. Cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered on the 7th day to animals in groups (2–5) 1 h after pretreatment. The animals were euthanized on day 10 for haematological, biochemical and histological analysis.ResultsCisplatin induced a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, ALP, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen indicative of hepato-renal injury. More so, cisplatin caused marked increase in granulocyte, lymphocyte and platelets counts which were ameliorated by CC (100–400 mg/kg) treatment. In addition, cisplatin induced marked increase in MDA and nitrite levels coupled with deficits in glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities which were attenuated by CC administration.ConclusionsThis study showed that

scholarly journals Kidney ischemia and reperfunsion syndrome: effect of lidocaine and local postconditioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGOR NAGAI YAMAKI ◽  
RUY VICTOR SIMÕES PONTES ◽  
FELIPE LOBATO DA SILVA COSTA ◽  
VITOR NAGAI YAMAKI ◽  
RENAN KLEBER COSTA TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Postconditioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effects of blocking the regulation of vascular tone on the ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in rats through the use of lidocaine in the postconditioning technique. Methods: we randomized 35 rats into seven groups of five animals: Group 1- Control; Group 2- Ischemia and Reperfusion; Group 3- Ischemia, Reperfusion and Saline; Group 4- Ischemic Postconditioning; Group 5- Ischemic Postconditioning and Saline; Group 6- Lidocaine; Group 7- Ischemic Postconditioning and Lidocaine. Except for the control group, all the others were submitted to renal ischemia for 30 minutes. In postconditioning groups, we performed ischemia and reperfusion cycles of five minutes each, applied right after the main ischemia. In saline and lidocaine groups, we instilled the substances at a rate of two drops per minute. To compare the groups, we measured serum levels of urea and creatinine and also held renal histopathology. Results: The postconditioning and postconditioning + lidocaine groups showed a decrease in urea and creatinine values. The lidocaine group showed only a reduction in creatinine values. In histopathology, only the groups submitted to ischemic postconditioning had decreased degree of tubular necrosis. Conclusion: Lidocaine did not block the effects of postconditioning on renal ischemia reperfusion syndrome, and conferred better glomerular protection when applied in conjunction with ischemic postconditioning.

Effects of erdosteine on cyclosporin-A-induced nephrotoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tutanc ◽  
V Arica ◽  
N Yılmaz ◽  
A Nacar ◽  
I Zararsiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.

Can N-Acetylcysteine Preserve Peritoneal Function and Morphology in Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis?

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrim Bozkurt ◽  
Ender Hur ◽  
Burcu Ulkuden ◽  
Murat Sezak ◽  
Hasim Nar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peritoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Long-term use of the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane results in progressive irreversible dysfunction, described as peritoneal fibrosis. Oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis has been established in many studies. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions, regardless of whether produced by high glucose, angiotensin II, or glucose degradation products may be responsible for progressive membrane dysfunction. The well-known antioxidant molecule N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is capable of direct scavenging of ROS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NAC therapy on both progression and regression of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). We divided 49 nonuremic Wistar albino rats into four groups: Control group—2 mL isotonic saline intraperitoneally (IP) daily for 3 weeks; CG group—2 mL/200 g 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) and 15% ethanol dissolved in saline injected IP daily for a total of 3 weeks; Resting group—CG (weeks 1 – 3), plus peritoneal resting (weeks 4 – 6); NAC-R group—CG (weeks 1 – 3), plus 2 g/L NAC (weeks 4 – 6). At the end of the experiment, all rats underwent a 1-hour peritoneal equilibration test with 25 mL 3.86% PD solution. Dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P) urea, dialysate white blood cell count (per cubic milliliter), ultrafiltration (UF) volume, and morphology changes of parietal peritoneum were examined. The CG group progressed to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, characterized by loss of UF, increased peritoneal thickness, inflammation, and ultimately, development of fibrosis. Resting produced advantages only in dialysate cell count; with regard to vascularity and dialysate cell count, NAC was more effective than was peritoneal rest. Interestingly, we observed no beneficial effects of NAC on fibrosis. That finding may be a result of our experimental severe peritoneal injury model. However, decreased inflammation and vascularity with NAC therapy were promising results in regard to membrane protection.

scholarly journals Amelorative effect of olive oil against hepatorenal toxicity of cefotaxime in albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. A. Elkomy ◽  
Mossad G. E Elsayed ◽  
Faten I. El sayed ◽  
Ahmed A. Abd el atey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Protein Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Due to great hazard effects of antibiotic the following study aimed to investigate the adverse effect of cefotaxime in biochemical, oxidative status and histological examination of Liver and kidney tissue as well as the protective effect of olive oil. Twenty four male Wister albino rats were randomly divided into main four groups including: - G (1): Served as control group and it includes six rats, they were administrated 0.5ml of saline orally for 14 consecutive days. G (2): it includes six rats, they were administered 5ml/kg olive oil orally for 14 consecutive days. G (3): it includes six rats, they were administrated 90mg/kg body weight/twice daily of cefotaxime intramuscular for 14 consecutive days. G (4): it includes six rats, they were administered 5ml/kg olive oil orally concurrently with 90mg/kg body weight/twice daily of cefotaxime. Results revealed that cefotaxime induced significant increases in liver and kidney function parameters including AST, ALT, ALP. creatinine, and urea as well as decrease in albumin and total protein level. Moreover, marked an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. that indicate oxidative stress levels expression in the hepatic and renal tissues following cefotaxime administration. On the beneficial side oral administration of olive oil at the dose 5ml/kg for 14 days significantly mitigate theses toxic effects. So it is concluded that olive oil has great hepatorenal antioxidant effect. 

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium cumini Causes Toxic Effects on Ethanol-induced Liver and Kidney Damage in Albino Wistar Rats: A Biochemical and Histological Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Abba Aji Manu ◽  
◽  
Bello Muhammad Musa ◽  
Martha Orendu Oche Attah ◽  
Helga Ishaya Bedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The therapeutic value of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) has been documented in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and ailments. Various preparations of this plant have been made and used especially for liver inflammatory conditions in livestock. Further, many liver diseases in humans are inflammatory conditions, which are caused by alcohol intake. This study sought to examine the effect of S. cumini on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. The first group was control and the other four were administered ethanol at varying doses to induce liver and kidney damages. Two doses of the S. cumini extract were administered at a concentration of 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. Silymarin was administered to the last group at 10 mg/kg. The liver and kidney tissue samples were collected and preserved for histological analyses and the rat sera were analyzed for the associated biochemical biomarkers. Results: Histopathological analyses revealed pyknotic nuclei and distortion in the arrangement of the hepatocytes in extract-treated groups. The kidney tissue samples showed signs of interstitial bleeding and aggregation of lymphocytes in the peri-glomerular areas. The analyses of the biochemical parameters revealed that there were significant increases in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), Urea and creatinine in the sera of the groups treated with the extract compared to those of the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The S. cumini extract caused elevation of serum hepatic and renal biomarkers at 400 mg/kg and did not have a hepatoprotective effect.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration of Ibuprofen on Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin and Platelet Count in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Jonathan Esima ◽  
Abraham Zorte ◽  
O. Onwuli, Donatus ◽  
Waribo, Helen Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Aim: Ibuprofen is analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug, which is widely used as a cheap over- the counter drug (OTC); however, this drug accompanies anti coagulation/anti platelets effects which sometimes might illicit adverse effects. In this study, we investigated effect of ibuprofen on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet count using wistar albino rats. Methods: A total of 21 rats grouped into 3(control, acute and chronic exposure groups, with all consisting of 7 rats each) was used. The acute and chronic exposure group were given 0.7 mg of ibuprofen orally for 1 and 21 days, respectively. Blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture then analyzed. Results: PT was significantly higher in both group 2 and 3 (acute and chronic exposure, respectively) than that of the control. Acute exposure group showed the highest PT rise. A PTT was not significantly different between group 2 and 3 versus the control group. Platelet count was significantly lower in both group 2 and 3than that in the control group (p<0.05). Group 3 (chronic exposure) showed the lowest platelet count. Conclusion: Oral administration of ibuprofen affected coagulation parameters and a longer exposure reduce platelets count. A strictly prescription for this drug may be needed to prevent its indiscriminate use.

The Inhibitory Ability of Orobanche Extract on Calcium Oxalate Lithiasis in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kamal ◽  
M. S. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Orobanche extract in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups each group contains 6 animals, group (1) control group, group (2) animals were supplied with 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water, group (3) animals were administrated Orobanche extract 3g/kg orally, group (4) animals were administrated Cystone 500 mg/kg in addition to 0.75% ethylene glycol, group (5) animals were administrated Orobanche extract 3g/kg orally in addition to 0.75% ethylene glycol the experiment continued for 28 days. Serum and the kidney homogenates were analyzed for various biochemical parameters and urine was examined microscopically for crystals. Orobanche treatment group and Cystone treatment group significantly decreased phosphorus, Calcium and Oxalate in kidney tissue of nephrolithiasis rats and significantly decreased kidney and liver marker in serum of nephrolithiasis rats. Conclusion this result revealed that Orobanche extract could be a potential candidate for phytotherapy against nephrolithiasis.

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