scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium cumini Causes Toxic Effects on Ethanol-induced Liver and Kidney Damage in Albino Wistar Rats: A Biochemical and Histological Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Abba Aji Manu ◽  
◽  
Bello Muhammad Musa ◽  
Martha Orendu Oche Attah ◽  
Helga Ishaya Bedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The therapeutic value of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) has been documented in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and ailments. Various preparations of this plant have been made and used especially for liver inflammatory conditions in livestock. Further, many liver diseases in humans are inflammatory conditions, which are caused by alcohol intake. This study sought to examine the effect of S. cumini on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. The first group was control and the other four were administered ethanol at varying doses to induce liver and kidney damages. Two doses of the S. cumini extract were administered at a concentration of 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. Silymarin was administered to the last group at 10 mg/kg. The liver and kidney tissue samples were collected and preserved for histological analyses and the rat sera were analyzed for the associated biochemical biomarkers. Results: Histopathological analyses revealed pyknotic nuclei and distortion in the arrangement of the hepatocytes in extract-treated groups. The kidney tissue samples showed signs of interstitial bleeding and aggregation of lymphocytes in the peri-glomerular areas. The analyses of the biochemical parameters revealed that there were significant increases in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), Urea and creatinine in the sera of the groups treated with the extract compared to those of the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The S. cumini extract caused elevation of serum hepatic and renal biomarkers at 400 mg/kg and did not have a hepatoprotective effect.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment on the probable mechanisms underlying the hepatorenal toxicity of commercial imidacloprid and hexaflumuron formulations in rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman I. Hassanen ◽  
Ahmed M. Hussien ◽  
Sally Mehanna ◽  
Marwa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Neven H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Abstract Pesticides are viewed as a major wellspring of ecological contamination and causing serious risky consequences for people and animals. Imidacloprid (IM) and hexaflumuron (HFM) are extensively utilized insect poisons for crop assurance on the planet. A few investigations examined IM harmfulness in rodents, but its exact mechanism hasn’t been mentioned previously as well as the toxicity of HFM doesn’t elucidate yet. For this reason, the present study was designed to explore the mechanism of each IM and HFM–evoked rat liver and kidney toxicity and to understand its molecular mechanism. 21 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups, as follows: group (1), normal saline; group (2), IM; and group (3), HFM. Both insecticides were orally administered every day for 28 days at a dose equal to 1/10 LD50 from the active ingredient. After 28 days postdosing, rats were anesthetized to collect blood samples then euthanized to collect liver and kidney tissue specimens. The results showed marked changes in walking, body tension, alertness, and head movement with a significant reduction in rats’ body weight in both IM and HFM receiving groups. Significant increases in MDA levels and decrease of GHS levels were recorded in liver and kidney homogenates of either IM or HFM groups. Liver and kidney tissues obtained from both pesticide receiving groups showed extensive histopathological alterations with a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels. In addition, there was upregulation of the transcript levels of casp-3, JNK, and HO-1 genes with strong immunopositivity of casp-3, TNF-ὰ, and NF-KB protein expressions in the liver and kidneys of rats receiving either IM or HFM compared with the control group. In all studied parameters, HFM caused hepatorenal toxicity more than those induced by IM. We can conclude that each IM and HFM provoked liver and kidneys damage through overproduction of ROS, activation of NF-KB signaling pathways and mitochondrial/JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.

scholarly journals Impact of Pycnogenol on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatorenal Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 8070-8080
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

We investigated the protective effects of pycnogenol (PYC), a natural anti-oxidant with an anti-inflammatory effect, on the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatorenal injury in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, PYC (10 mg/kg, ip), APAP (1000 mg/kg), and APAP+PYC groups. Rats were decapitated 24 hours after the APAP injection, and their blood was taken to determine blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and pro-inflammatory cytokines; TNF-α and IL-1 β. Liver and kidney tissue samples were obtained for the histological examination and the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Na+/K+-ATPase activities. PYC treatment decreased the APAP-induced elevations in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the impairment of liver and kidney functions. Furthermore, the increase in tissue lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity and the decrease in the GSH levels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity by the APAP overdose were reversed by the PYC treatment. Besides, histologic findings reinforce the protective effect of PYC in APAP-induced hepatorenal damage. PYC, which appears to have restored the GSH and depressed neutrophil infiltration and the associated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, merits consideration as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in preventing APAP-induced hepatorenal damage.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract ofTabernaemontana divaricata(L.) R. Br. against DEN and Fe NTA Induced Liver Necrosis in Wistar Albino Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannappan Poornima ◽  
Palanisamy Chella Perumal ◽  
Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Tabernaemontana Divaricata ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study is an attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity ofTabernaemontana divaricataagainst DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis in rats. Ethanolic extract of the whole plant ofTabernaemontana divaricataat doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and 5-fluorouracil (standard drug) was orally administered to male Wistar Albino rats once daily for 24 weeks, simultaneously treated with the carcinogen DEN and Fe NTA. In simultaneously treated animals, the plant extract significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes in liver. Treatment with the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants accompanied by a marked reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde when compared to DEN and Fe NTA treated group. When compared with 200 mg/kg bw rats, 400 mg/kg bw rats and 5-fluorouracil treated rats showed better results in all the parameters. The histopathological studies confirmed the protective effects of extract against DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis. Thus, it could be concluded that the use ofTabernaemontana divaricataextract in the treatment of carcinogen induced hepatic necrosis.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against Tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
Suman S ◽  
Hayagreeva Dinakar Y ◽  
Suhas reddy P V ◽  
Sai Sudha Yadav B ◽  
Venkateshwar Reddy V
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Cubeba Officinalis is traditionally effective in the treatment of various kidney ailments, and the main adverse effect of tacrolimus is nephrotoxicity. There is no documented evidence about the ameliorative potential of Cubeba Officinalis in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity. The main endeavor of the study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits were collected from the local market, and Male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for the study. The dose of is lower 200mg/kg, higher dose 400 mg/kg of test drug (EECO) was used, and silymarin is used as the standard at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The animals were divided into five groups, six animals each, which is started prior to oral administration of tacrolimus and continued with the fourteen days tacrolimus treatment. After the whole period of study, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathological studies and biochemical estimations were carried out. The BUN values  were decreased from 33.60±3.84 in nephrotoxic rats to 28.27±2.48 (200mg/kg) and 20.70±0.81 (400mg/kg),creatinine levels from 1.645±0.21 to 0.926±0.19 (200mg/kg) and 0.638±0.07(400 mg/kg),uric acid levels from 1.822±0.249 to 1.092±0.306 (200 mg/kg) and 0.806±0.181 (400 mg/kg) sodium, potassium and chloride levels from 1.607± 0.091, 2.548± 0.293 and 259.8±6.42 to 1.302± 0.169 , 1.023±0.174 and 134.7±9.138 (200mg/kg of EECO) and 0.586±0.092 , 0.831±0.174 and 130.2±2.29 (400mg/kg of EECO). The Ethanolic extract of cubeba officinalis was found to be effective in treating the nephrotoxicity in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Different Extracts of Holoptelia Integrifolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5234-5240
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Medicinal plants are play significant impact in the personal medicine for most of the people all over the world as an alternative live saving medicines and most of their medicinal properties are well known for anticancer activity. The different extracts of Holoptelea integrifolia (H.integrifolia) leaves, stem bark and fruits were studied as a potent natural source of antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing potential. This work was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of H.integrifolia. The antimicrobial activity of the H.integrifolia ethanolic extract was studied against five fungal and bacterial strains by utilizing the agar well diffusion method and MIC. Among several strain, the ethanolic extract of fruit has shown higher antimicrobial inhibition zone as 9.25-16 mm compare to other two extracts of stem and leaves as 10- 13.25 mm and 6-10.2 mm respectively. The antioxidant activities for different extract were also determined by DPPH free radical assay, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Activity method. The anti-inflammatory activity also estimated basedon formalin induced paw edema method on Wistar albino rats. The different extracts of leaves, stem bark and fruit parts of Holoptelea integrifolia were estimated for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against the animal model of female Wistar albino rats. The results of anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the Ethanol extracts showed vital and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings revealed that aerial parts of H.integrifolia contais potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, which expose the medicinal potential of the selected plant could be a significant drug candidates against microbial, oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes as a future alternative medicine.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Flowers of Moringa Oleifera Against Dexamethasone Induced Hyperglycemia in Albino WistarRats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Sourabh Jain Neha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract-Diabetes is a defect in the ability of the body to convert glucose (sugar) to energy. Glucose is the main source of energy in our body. When food is digested it is metabolized into fats, proteins, or carbohydrates. Glucose is then transferred to the blood and is used by the cells for energy production. To investigate the antidiabetic effect ethanolic extracts of flowers of Moringa oleifera against dexamethasone induced insulin resistance in wistar albino rats. To study the antidiabetic effect, flowers ofMoringaoleiferawerecollectedandauthenticated, extracted and investigated for acute toxicity and dexamethasone induced hyperglcemia. The animals treated with EEMOF at a dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg prevented the development ofhyperglycemia,hypercholesteremiaandhypertriglyceridemia in dexamethasone induced insulin resistance models. Oral administration of Moringa Oleifera 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg reduces serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterols and LDLconcentration and improve the concentration of HDLin dexamethasone administered rats. The lignin Moringa Oleifera showed significant anti-diabetic effect in rats after oral administration. The present study demonstrated that Moringa Oleifera could be useful in Management of diabetes associated with abnormalities in lipid profiles. Further study need to isolate, identify the active compounds and find out thepossiblemechanismofactions.

Does rosmarinic acid treatment have protective role against sepsis-induced oxidative damage in Wistar Albino rats?

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bacanlı ◽  
S Aydın ◽  
G Taner ◽  
HG Göktaş ◽  
T Şahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Α Level

Reactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in the development of sepsis. Plant-derived phenolic compounds are thought to be possible therapeutic agents against sepsis because of their antioxidant properties. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound commonly found in various plants, which has many biological activities including antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RA on sepsis-induced DNA damage in the lymphocytes and liver and kidney cells of Wistar albino rats by alkaline comet assay with and without formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase protein. The oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and kidney tissues and an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level in plasma were also evaluated. It is found that DNA damage in the lymphocytes, livers, and kidneys of the RA-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the sepsis-induced rats. RA treatment also decreased the MDA levels and increased the GSH levels and SOD and GSH-Px activities in the livers and kidneys of the sepsis-induced rats. Plasma TNF-α level was found to be decreased in the RA-treated rats. It seems that RA might have a role in the attenuation of sepsis-induced oxidative damage not only by decreasing the DNA damage but also by increasing the antioxidant status and DNA repair capacity of the animals.

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