What Iodine Intervention Measures Should Be Taken in Different Water Iodine Areas? Evidence from a Cross-sectional Chinese Survey

Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) have been reported to be independent predictors of cognitive impairment. However, the conclusions were inconsistent and few studies had reported the combination prediction of HTN and HHcy for cognitive impairment. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between H-type HTN, HTN and HHcy and the risk of cognitive impairment.Methods We used a cross-sectional study- participants aged over 40 years, which were selected from Kailuan communities in China. Cognitive impairment was determined by MMSE scale (MMSE<24). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of H-type HTN and cognitive impairment, and we also made stratification analysis by age of participants.Results A total of 3454 participants were included in our study, and ≥65 years old was 16.79%; the gender of male was 56.77%. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the H-type HTN (HTN+/HHcy+) group (10.74%) was significantly higher than other three groups (2.92%, 6.42%, 5.86%, respectively). The logistic regression results showed that participants with H-type HTN was positively associated with cognitive impairment risk (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.38-4.80). Similar results were observed in participants stratified by age (65 years) (<65 years old: OR =2.01, 95% CI: 0.87- 4.67 ; ≥65 years old: OR=3.63, 95% CI: 1.32-10.01).Conclusion Our finding indicated that H-type HTN was positively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment, especially in ≥ 65 years old. H-type HTN could be the major intervention measures to decrease the incidence of cognitive impairment as well as the stroke in Health Practice Management.

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Investigating Health Communication Interventions on Three Major Illnesses in Nigeria

South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics ◽

10.9734/sajsse/2018/v1i325798 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Chinwe Catherine Okpoko ◽

Elias Chikee Aniwada

Keyword(s):

Health Communication ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Treatment Change ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

The Status ◽

Communication Interventions ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Communication methods are used to create and increase public awareness of a disease; its causes and treatment; change a person’s or group’s attitudes about a disease; advocate for policy changes in favor of prevention and control, and create social norms that favor healthful living. Objectives: This study sought to examine the health communication interventions so far used on HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB in Nigeria, find out what has been achieved in the process and suggest how the status quocan be improved. Methods: A total of 390 respondents comprising healthcare providers, patients and the general public in the selected states; Enugu (Southeast), Kaduna (Northwest) and Oyo (Southwest) states in Nigeria were sampled using questionnaire. It was a Cross-sectional study. Results: Health communication interventions on HIV/AIDS are majorly received through radio (34.7%), friends (30.1%) and television (18.85%). For malaria, television and radio predominate (31.9%) and (26.7%) respectively, then newspaper (13.1%). However, TB was chiefly through health facilities (30.1%) then television (20.1%) and newspaper, (12.9%). Major types of intervention messages on the illnesses include HIV/AIDS Preventive (76.6%), Malaria Drug use (37.3%) and Tuberculosis control (38.8%). Lack of knowledge of available media was the major factor identified as hindering communication interventions for the 3 diseases. (HIV/AIDS 29.8%, Malaria 32.6% and TB 35.7%). Conclusion: There is a need for attitudinal change by all to ensure that the level of awareness is matched with action and subsequently influence the adoption of intervention measures to improve management of these diseases.

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Anxiety Status and Influencing Factors of Rural Residents in Hunan During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.564745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Zhang ◽

Yi-ping Chen ◽

Jianjian Wang ◽

Yanhong Deng ◽

Dezhen Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

The Status

Objective: To explore the status quo of anxiety and its influencing factors among rural residents in Hunan Province during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, and to provide an effective basis for prevention of and intervention for anxiety symptoms among rural residents.Methods: Convenience sampling was used. An online questionnaire was distributed to Hunan rural residents through the questionnaire star platform from February 26–29, 2020. The general data and anxiety of Hunan rural residents were investigated, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0.Results: The mean Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score of 179 rural residents in Hunan was 40.93 ± 9.36. Based on the cutoff criteria, 32 residents had anxiety, including 26 with mild anxiety, five with moderate anxiety, and one with severe anxiety. The detection rate of anxiety was 17.88%. Self-rated health status, level of concern about the epidemic, and self-rated impact of the epidemic on one's life were the factors influencing the anxiety score of rural residents in Hunan (P < 0.05).Conclusion: During the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the detection rate of anxiety in rural residents in Hunan was higher than that of the general population in China. The relevant departments should pay attention to the mental health of rural residents and implement targeted mental health prevention and intervention measures during the epidemic situation.

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Study of prevalence of hypertension and its various risk factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1069

Author(s):

Narendra M. Uma ◽

Mahendra C. Parmar ◽

Siddarth Shah ◽

Sonal M. Dindod

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Issues ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Relative Deficiency

Background: Surgical diabetes is syndrome of hyperglycemia and disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism associated with absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretions. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension considered as a major medical and public health issues worldwide, and both are important risk factors for both macrovascular and microvascular diseases like coronary artery disease, heart failure and cerebrovascular diseases.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 175 patients coming to Govt. medical college and SSG hospital, Vadodara from 2014 to 2015 having diabetes mellitus were studied and evaluated for hypertension and its various risk factor like age, obesity.Results: one hundred and twenty-nine (127) out of 175 subjects had hypertension, thus giving a prevalence rate of 73.7% of which 64 males (49.6%) were hypertensive compared with 65 (50.3%) females. Mean age of patients having hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus (case) is 59.87 compare to DM without hypertension (control) was 56.21. Mean BMI in diabetes cases with hypertension was 30.93 while without hypertension was 23.47 suggest obese are more prone to develop hypertension. Waist hip ratio DM with hypertension was 0.96 while was 0.81 in DM without hypertension.Conclusion: Hypertension and its associated risk factor like obesity, dyslipidemia are important risk factor for development of complication in diabetes patients so early detection and intervention measures should be undertaken for aggressive control of blood pressure control , obesity and it will likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of complications and its associated mortality.

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Evaluation of anthropometric indicators in malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Gujarat, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192747 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1410

Author(s):

Dhara Patel ◽

Nisha Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Criteria ◽

Anthropometric Indicators ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Intervention Measures

Background: It is very difficult to recognize the cases with mild-to-moderate malnutrition because clinical criteria for their diagnosis are imprecise and are difficult to interpret accurately. The objective of the study was daily weight gain in gram/kg/day in severely malnourished children.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study in which total of 114 consecutive patients of SAM less than 5 years treated for complications of severe acute malnutrition using WHO protocol. The study design included 114 children from the NRC and then followed up the period of 6 months to assess the nutritional status during the period of initial stage and the entire follow up period using available record of anthropometry indicators of the admitted children recruited in the study at the NRC.Results: Mean weight at admission was 6.4 Kg, 6.5 Kg and 6.2 Kg of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean weight at discharge was 6.8 Kg, 6.7 Kg and 6.6 Kg of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean MUAC at admission was 10.7 cm, 10.9 cm and 10.6 cm of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean MUAC at discharge was 10.9 cm, 10.9 cm and 10.8 cm of overall, boys and girls respectively.Conclusions: For treatment of severe acute malnutrition, systematic guidelines required, thus this study indicates that following WHO guidelines, it has become easier to manage SAM in hospital settings, with least possible stay at hospital. The objective of the study was to know the effect of nutritional intervention measures on selected anthropometric indicators of severe acute malnourished children.

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A community based study on perceived knowledge of diabetes on cause, control, prevention and complications among diabetic patients in Bengaluru city

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173855 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 3416

Author(s):

Shwetha . ◽

K. N. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Warning Signs ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Perceived Knowledge ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Intervention Measures

Background: The numbers of diabetes mellitus cases are increasing among all sections of Indian population. The knowledge about the disease, associated complications and co-morbidities are not satisfactory among the public including diabetic patients. The objective of the study was to assess the perceived knowledge and determining factors on onset, control, prevention and complications of diabetes mellitus in urban area of Bengaluru.Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive and community based study with a sample size 770 randomly selected known diabetics was conducted during May to July 2016 in Bengaluru city by direct interviewing them at their doorsteps using pretested questionnaire. The data contained information about the socio-demographic profile, knowledge about the warning signs, complications, controllability, consequences and co morbidities. Data was analysed in SPSS version 18.Results: There were 43.7% and 57.5% of males and females respectively. Seventy percent of females were homemakers and two third were literates. The maximum numbers of subjects were in the age group of 41-60 years with mean age of 56±11.6 years. Family history of diabetes was present among 40%. The median duration of diabetes was 48 months (range 1 to 360) and 38% of the subjects had co morbid conditions related to cardiovascular diseases and other systems. The perceived knowledge related to prevention, complications, consequences and controllability of diabetes was not adequate in relation to their literacy status, family history and duration of diabetes. The overall perceived knowledge was better among females than male subjects.Conclusions: The perceived knowledge about the different aspects of diabetes care at the personal level of diabetics were inadequate and needs periodic counselling as intervention measures.

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Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection and sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers (FSWs) in Shanghai, China

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000892 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 258-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. S. REMIS ◽

L. KANG ◽

L. CALZAVARA ◽

Q. PAN ◽

J. LIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Preventive Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Female Sex ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Younger Age

SUMMARYIn 2009, we examined HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in 750 female sex workers (FSWs) in Shanghai using a cross-sectional survey. Participants (mean age 27 years) were interviewed and tested for HIV and selected STIs. Prevalence was: HIV 0·13%, chlamydia 14·7%, gonorrhoea 3·5% and syphilis 1·3%. In a demographic multivariate model, younger age, higher income and originating from provinces other than Zhejiang and Shanghai were independently associated with STI. In a social and sexual behavioural model, women working in small venues with fewer clients per week, use of drugs, and higher price charged per sex act indicated a greater risk for STI. Although HIV appears rare in Shanghai FSWs, chlamydial infection is common, especially in women aged <25 years (prevalence 19·6%). Since STI and HIV share similar risk factors, preventive intervention measures should be implemented immediately based on the venues and characteristics of FSWs to prevent future spread of HIV.

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Job Satisfaction and Evidence of Burnout Comparing Arab and Non-Arab Urologists with a Migration Background Working in German Hospitals

Avicenna Journal of Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735127 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias May ◽

Mohammad Shaar

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Group Differences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Group ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Shortage Of Physicians ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Study Participants ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background In German hospitals, severe shortage of physicians can currently be partially compensated by hiring foreign physicians. Results on job satisfaction (JS) and physician burnout (PBO) in this important occupational group are currently not available. Methods The cross-sectional “Assessment of their urological work environment by foreign clinicians in Germany (EUTAKD)” study was conducted in 2020 using a 101-item questionnaire among physicians working in German urological departments who were born in a country outside Germany and having non-German citizenship. This study compared JS and the occurrence of PBO between Arab (group A, n = 57) and non-Arab (group B, n = 39) participants. Results Significant group differences with advantages for group B were analyzed in overall JS and also in other JS items. High scores in the PBO dimensions, that is, “emotional exhaustion” and “depersonalization,” were shown by 27.9 and 51.5% of the study participants, respectively, although there were no group differences found (p = 0.972 and 0.237, respectively). Conclusion Prospective longitudinal studies of appropriate intervention measures aimed at increasing JS and decreasing PBO are needed.

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Stress and Burnout in Teachers During Times of Pandemic

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Vargas Rubilar ◽

Laura Beatriz Oros

Keyword(s):

Perceived Stress ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Working Environment ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education Professionals ◽

Face To Face ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Associated Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Design

In Argentina, once mandatory isolation was declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers of all educational levels and modalities had to substantially modify their way of working. The aim of this study was to identify the work situations that education professionals perceived as threats under the modality of non-face-to-face teaching, and to describe the level of perceived stress and its possible effect on psychophysical symptoms. Likewise, it sought to examine possible differences in the manifestations of burnout depending on the level of perceived stress and associated symptoms. An empirical study with a cross-sectional design was developed, in which 9,058 Argentine teachers, who had to complete self-report measures, participated. The sampling method was non-random, using an online procedure of reclusion of volunteers. Descriptive techniques and non-parametric tests were used for data analysis. More than 60% of the educators reported high and moderately high levels of stress. The predominant stressors were uncertainty about the consequences of the pandemic, work overload and inadequate working environment. The more stress they perceived, the higher the manifestation of unwanted psychophysical symptoms. Professional burnout was higher for teachers with a higher load of stress and with more psychophysical indicators of discomfort. These results reveal the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education staff, and encourage the development of intervention measures to preserve the health of professionals.

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A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Cystic Hydatidosis in Slaughtered Cattle of Western Province in Zambia

ISRN Parasitology ◽

10.5402/2013/468163 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fredrick Banda ◽

King Shimumbo Nalubamba ◽

John Bwalya Muma ◽

Musso Munyeme ◽

Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Retrospective Data ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Province ◽

Annual Prevalence ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Cystic Hydatidosis ◽

Female Cattle

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2007 to November 2008 to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle from two abattoirs in Mongu, Western Province, Zambia, using prospective and retrospective data. Out of the 4061 cattle examined during postmortem inspection, 84 (2.1%) were positive for hydatidosis. No cases were detected from Kaoma and Shangombo districts; however, prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 2.5% in districts where it was present. Sex was found to be positively associated with hydatidosis (P=0.035) with female cattle being more likely to have hydatidosis (OR=1.62). In the retrospective study (1994 to 2007), annual prevalence of hydatidosis ranged from 1.56% (n = 12,641) in 2006 to 4.7% (n=2633) in 2001 with an overall prevalence of 3% (4689/158,456). This value is comparable to that observed in cattle slaughtered between October 2007 and November 2008 (2.1%). Hydatidosis was observed in the lungs (51.2%), liver (47.6%), and kidneys (1.2%). The percentage of viable cysts was 43.7%. This study confirms the presence of hydatidosis in cattle in Western Province of Zambia and estimates economic losses due to organ condemnations. Data presented herein provides a useful baseline for developing policy and intervention measures.

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