Behavior change through wearables: the interplay between self-leadership and IT-based leadership

AbstractPhysical inactivity is a global public health problem that poses health risks to individuals and imposes financial burdens on already strained healthcare systems. Wearables that promote regular physical activity and a healthy diet bear great potential to meet these challenges and are increasingly integrated into the healthcare system. However, extant research shows ambivalent results regarding the effectiveness of wearables in improving users’ health behavior. Specifically important is understanding users’ systematic behavior change through wearables. Constructive digitalization of the healthcare system requires a deeper understanding of why some users change their behavior and others do not. Based on self-leadership theory and our analysis of narrative interviews with 50 long-term wearable users, we identify four wearable use patterns that bring about different behavioral outcomes: following, ignoring, combining, and self-leading. Our study contributes to self-leadership theory and research on individual health information systems and has practical implications for wearable and healthcare providers.

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Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Self-Management Behavior of the Patients With Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease

Ramathibodi Medical Journal ◽

10.33165/rmj.2019.42.2.119901 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 38-48

Author(s):

Satchina Moktan ◽

Sirirat Leelacharas ◽

Wonnapha Prapaipanich

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Self Management ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Management Behavior

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging global public health problem. Control of risk factors and prevention of complications can delay the progression to end-stage renal disease. Self-efficacy and self-management behavior in patients with predialysis CKD has not been investigated in Nepal. Objectives: To describe knowledge of CKD, self-efficacy, and self-management behavior in patients with predialysis CKD and to determine the relationships between knowledge in CKD and self-efficacy with self-management behavior. Methods: Ninety-seven predialysis CKD patients visiting nephrology clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal were recruited from November 2016 to December 2016. Questionnaires comprised of sociodemographic data, CKD knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management behavior questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age of 97 participants was 45.67 years. There were 3 stages of CKD among participants: stage G4 (54.64%), stage G3 (42.27%), and stage G2 (3.09%), respectively. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (81.44%) followed by diabetes mellitus (30.92%). Predialysis CKD patients had a moderate level of knowledge on CKD and self-efficacy and high level of self-management behavior. There were positive relationships between knowledge in CKD and self-management behavior (r = 0.52; P < .05), and between self-efficacy and self-management behavior (r = 0.39; P < .05). Conclusions: This study suggested that education, counseling, workshop to increase the knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management behavior might be helpful for the predialysis CKD patients. Healthcare providers can educate, motivate, and train the patients to practice self-management behavior to delay the progression of CKD.

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Poisoning and its Management in Healthcare Facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.18502/pbr.v7i1.7352 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arinola Joda ◽

Oluwaseun Ajetunmobi ◽

Olubusola Olugbake

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Providers ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Study Data ◽

The Body ◽

Poison Control ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Lagos State

Background: Poisons are chemical substances that produce harmful effects on the body. About 0.3 million people die annually from poisoning. Poisons are produced by animals, plants, microorganisms, and food contamination. Poisoning is a global public health problem, especially in children and teenagers and healthcare providers ought to provide protocols for its management. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to document the mode, knowledge of antidotes, and management of poisoning by healthcare providers in selected community pharmacies and hospitals in Lagos state. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study data were collected using questionnaires administered to 112 providers in selected community pharmacies and hospitals in Lagos state. The obtained data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results were presented as frequency tables and charts. Results: A response rate of 85.7% was achieved. The most common mode of poisoning was accidental (89% and 68% among pharmacists and physicians, respectively) and the highest incidence was among children 0-5 years old (41.5% and 48.3% among pharmacists and physicians, respectively). Management was mainly via gastric decontamination with activated charcoal in pharmacies and supportive care in the hospitals. Knowledge and availability of antidotes and management of poisoning were poor. Conclusion: Management of poisoning was generally inadequate and the prominence of a poison control center was recognized. The establishment of poison control centers in healthcare facilities and the organization of updated lectures for healthcare providers will go a long way to improving poisoning management in the state.

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Knowledge, attitudes and practice of healthcare providers regarding contraceptive use in adolescence in Mahalapye, Botswana

South African Family Practice ◽

10.4102/safp.v60i6.4928 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

S. T. Tshitenge ◽

K. Nlisi ◽

V. Setlhare ◽

R. Ogundipe

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Critical Role ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

P Value ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Contraceptive Services ◽

Vaginal Rings

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a global public health problem, for which healthcare providers (HCPs) play a critical role to prevent unintended pregnancy. This study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of HCPs towards the use of contraceptives in adolescents.Results: Of the 101 eligible for the study, 79.2% HCPs from the selected clinics and hospital responded. The majority (91.2%) of respondents felt confident to explain to adolescents how to use old contraceptive methods such as oral contraceptives or IUCD, less than half of the respondents (41.3%) were confident to explain how to use new contraceptive methods such as transdermal contraceptive patches or vaginal rings. Medical doctors felt more confident to prescribe new contraceptive methods compared with nurses, both vaginal rings (p-value = 0.0006) and transdermal contraceptive patches (p-value = 0.0003). More than two-thirds of the respondents disagreed that beliefs influenced their ability to offer contraceptive services to adolescents, half of the respondents strongly disagreed that it was morally wrong for adolescents to use contraceptives. Although three-quarters of respondents strongly agreed (median = 5, [IQR 5–6]) that they were comfortable with prescribing contraceptives to adolescents, only 23% of the respondents very much prescribed or always prescribed contraceptives to adolescents.Conclusion: Most of the HCPs prescribed contraceptives irregularly, and had limited knowledge about newer methods. To change HCPs’ KAP, in addition to continuing medical education (CME), the establishment of family planning clinics for adolescents and more undergraduate contraceptive teaching for medical and nursing students could result in the increased utilisation of contraceptive services by adolescents.

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Modulation of the drug resistance by Platonia insignis Mart. extract, ethyl acetate fraction and Morelloflavone/Volkensiflavone (biflavonoids) in Staphylococcus aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200523155617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Andressa Kelly Ferreira e Silva ◽

Antonielly Campinho dos Reis ◽

Emanuelly Elanny Andrade Pinheiroc ◽

Jonas Nascimento de Sousa ◽

Felipe Araújo de Alcântara Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Native Species ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Subinhibitory Concentrations

Background: Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem, which requires urgent attention. Platonia insignis is a native species from the eastern Brazilian Amazon, used in the treatment of burns and wounds. Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. insignis (PIHA), the ethyl acetate fraction (PIAE), and its subfraction containing a mixture of biflavonoids (BF). Moreover, the effect of these natural products on the antibiotic activity against S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes was also evaluated. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined against different species of microorganisms. To evaluate the modulatory effect on the Norfloxacin-resistance, the MIC of this antibiotic was determined in the absence and presence of the natural products at subinhibitory concentrations. Inhibition of the EtBr efflux assays were conducted in the absence or presence of the natural products. Results: PIHA showed a microbicidal effect against S. aureus and C. albicans, while PIAE was bacteriosctatic for S. aureus. PIAE and BF at subinhibitory concentrations were able to reduce the MIC of Norfloxacin acting as modulating agents. BF was able to inhibit the efflux of EtBr efflux in S. aureus strains overexpressing specific efflux pump genes. Conclusion: P. inignisis a source of efflux pump inhibitors, including volkensiflavone and morelloflavone which were able to potentiate the Norfloxacin activity by NorA inhibition, being also able to inhibit QacA/B, TetK and MsrA. Volkensiflavone and morelloflavone could be used as adjuvant in the antibiotic therapy of multidrug resistant S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pumps.

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4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666190305130809 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 567-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽

Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

New Drugs ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Synthesis Mechanism ◽

Highly Active ◽

Latent Disease ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Chemical Class ◽

Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

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Application of Inherent Risk of Contagion (IRC) framework & modelling to aid local Covid-19 response & mitigation: Viewpoint (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19814 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Helmi Zakariah ◽

Fadzilah bt Kamaluddin ◽

Choo-Yee Ting ◽

Hui-Jia Yee ◽

Shereen Allaham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Vulnerable Population ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Inherent Risk ◽

Transmission Area ◽

Current Outbreak ◽

Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has been a major global public health problem threatening many countries and territories. Mathematical modelling is one of the non-pharmaceutical public health measures that plays a crucial role for mitigating the risk and impact of the pandemic. A group of researchers and epidemiologists have developed a machine learning-powered inherent risk of contagion (IRC) analytical framework to georeference the COVID-19 with an operational platform to plan response & execute mitigation activities. This framework dataset provides a coherent picture to track and predict the COVID-19 epidemic post lockdown by piecing together preliminary data on publicly available health statistic metrics alongside the area of reported cases, drivers, vulnerable population, and number of premises that are suspected to become a transmission area between drivers and vulnerable population. The main aim of this new analytical framework is to measure the IRC and provide georeferenced data to protect the health system, aid contact tracing, and prioritise the vulnerable.

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Perceived Experiences of Community Violence Among Adolescents: A School Survey From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211005132 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110051

Author(s):

Claudia L. de Moraes ◽

Érika B. dos Santos ◽

Michael E. Reichenheim ◽

Stella R. Taquette ◽

Luciane Stochero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Community Violence ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interpersonal Aggression ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Management Actions

Community violence (CV) is a global public health problem due to its high frequency and severe consequences. Although CV is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, little is known about the everyday CV situations that do not lead to death. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of exposure to and involvement in CV situations among adolescent students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of 693 individuals in their second year of high school selected through stratified multistage random sampling. Information about their exposure to and involvement in CV was collected through a self-completed multidimensional questionnaire in the classrooms. For approximately 30% of the adolescents, someone close to them had been murdered, and 40% had already seen the corpse of a victim of homicide. Seventeen percent reported having been directly involved in CV situations. Approximately 38%, 13%, and 25% had been victims of robberies, interpersonal aggression, and death threats to either themselves or their relatives, respectively. Many of these situations occurred more than once. In general, CV was more frequently reported by boys and by those who did not live with both parents. Adolescents from higher economic classes experienced more interpersonal aggression and felt a greater need to carry a gun. Those who belonged to the lower economic classes and studied in public schools were more exposed to lethal violence than other students. The results call attention to the very high percentage of adolescent students that are involved in CV situations as well as to the differences in violence rates among population subgroups. Such findings should be considered when planning CV prevention and management actions in schools and other socialization spaces for adolescents.

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Associations between gestational diabetes mellitus and the neurodevelopment of offspring from 1 month to 72 months: study protocol for a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e040305

Author(s):

Chao Li ◽

Ping Zhou ◽

Yixi Cai ◽

Bin Peng ◽

Yongfang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Open Access Journals

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common gestational disease and an important global public health problem. GDM may affect the short-term and long-term health of offspring, but the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of offspring of mothers with GDM (OGDM) are still unclear, and studies based on the Chinese population are lacking. We aim to determine the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM by studying a cohort of OGDM and offspring of non-GDM mothers.Methods and analysisThe single-centre prospective cohort study is being conducted in China over 7 years. A total of 490 OGDM (GDM group) and 490 fromof healthy mothers (control group) will be enrolled during the same period. Baseline characteristics, neuropsychological development scores and clinical data at specific time points (at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 months old) will be collected from the children in both groups until the age of 6 years. The associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM from infancy to preschool age will be analysed using a multiple linear regression model adjusted for confounders. In addition, we will compare longitudinal data to further assess the effects of GDM on neurodevelopmental trajectories.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Approval Number: (2019) Institutional Review Board (IRB) (STUDY) No. 85). The findings of this study will be disseminated through open access journals, peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03997396.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Studies in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4480

Author(s):

Maria Tziastoudi ◽

Georgios Pissas ◽

Georgios Raptis ◽

Christos Cholevas ◽

Theodoros Eleftheriadis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Global Public Health ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Additive Inheritance

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global public health problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. Although the treatment of nephrology patients has changed considerably, ineffectiveness and side effects of medications represent a major issue. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of genetic variants located in several genes in the response to treatment of patients with CKD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available pharmacogenetics studies. The association between genotype distribution and response to medication was examined using the dominant, recessive, and additive inheritance models. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was also performed. In total, 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which examined the association of 11 genes (16 polymorphisms) with the response to treatment regarding CKD. Among the 29 studies, 18 studies included patients with renal transplantation, 8 involved patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 3 studies included patients with lupus nephritis. The present meta-analysis provides strong evidence for the contribution of variants harbored in the ABCB1, IL-10, ITPA, MIF, and TNF genes that creates some genetic predisposition that reduces effectiveness or is associated with adverse events of medications used in CKD.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/00469580211013476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 004695802110134

Author(s):

Chutima Rattanawan ◽

Suraiya Cheloh ◽

Asma Maimahad ◽

Malatee Tayeh

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

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