scholarly journals Synthesis of activated carbon derived from chicken feather for Li-ion batteries through chemical and physical activation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Hastuti ◽  
Achmad Subhan ◽  
Devi Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Chicken Feather ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe use of activated carbon from biomass as an electrode for lithium-ion batteries is promising because of the low cost, natural abundance, and environmentally friendly. Chicken feather is a biomass that has the potential to be a source of activated carbon, because it contains keratin. The activation process affects the quality of activated carbon, thereby increasing battery performance. In this study, chicken feather waste was chemically activated using KOH and combined with physical activation at temperature variations of 750, 850 and 950 °C. The activation process significantly influenced electrochemical properties because of the difference in their microstructure. The activated carbon pyrolyzed at 850 °C (CFCA-850) shows the highest discharge capacity of 285.78 mAhg−1, good cycling stability and rate performance due to its higher interlayer spacing and large surface area. Furthermore, electronic conductivity and ion increase, thus improve battery performance.

Novel Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell and its Adsorptive Characteristics for Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Nor Adilla Rashidi ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Azry Borhan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process

The objective of this research is to synthesize the microporous activated carbon and test its applicability for CO2gas capture. In this study, coconut shell-based and commercial activated carbon is used as the solid adsorbent. Based on the findings, it shows that the gas adsorption capacity is correlated to the total surface area of the materials. In addition, reduction in the adsorption capacity with respect to temperature proves that the physisorption process is dominant. Higher carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity in comparison to nitrogen (N2) capacity contributes to higher CO2/N2selectivity, and confirms its applicability in the post-combustion process. Utilization of abundance agricultural wastes and one-step physical activation process is attractive as it promotes a cleaner pathway for activated carbon production, and simultaneously, reduces the total operating cost.

scholarly journals Na0.76V6O15/Activated Carbon Hybrid Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Renwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolong Ren ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Changzhen Zhan ◽  
Ding Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Artificial Graphite

Lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LICs) are regarded as one of the most promising next generation energy storage devices. Commercial activated carbon materials with low cost and excellent cycling stability are widely used as cathode materials for LICs, however, their low energy density remains a significant challenge for the practical applications of LICs. Herein, Na0.76V6O15 nanobelts (NaVO) were prepared and combined with commercial activated carbon YP50D to form hybrid cathode materials. Credit to the synergism of its capacitive effect and diffusion-controlled faradaic effect, NaVO/C hybrid cathode displays both superior cyclability and enhanced capacity. LICs were assembled with the as-prepared NaVO/C hybrid cathode and artificial graphite anode which was pre-lithiated. Furthermore, 10-NaVO/C//AG LIC delivers a high energy density of 118.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 220.6 W kg−1 and retains 43.7 Wh kg−1 even at a high power density of 21,793.0 W kg−1. The LIC can also maintain long-term cycling stability with capacitance retention of approximately 70% after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Accordingly, hybrid cathodes composed of commercial activated carbon and a small amount of high energy battery-type materials are expected to be a candidate for low-cost advanced LICs with both high energy density and power density.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid as Activating Agent in Rubber Seed Shell Activated Carbon Production for CO2 Capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Nawwarah Mokti ◽  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Siti Nur Azella Zaine ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Activating Agent

The use of an activating agent in chemical activation of activated carbon (AC) production is very important as it will help to open the pore structure of AC as adsorbents and could enhance its performance for adsorption capacity. In this study, a pyridinium-based ionic liquid (IL), 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [C4Py][Tf2N] has been synthesized by using anion exchange reaction and was characterized using few analyses such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR. Low-cost AC was synthesized by chemical activation process in which rubber seed shell (RSS) and ionic liquid [C4Py][Tf2N] were employed as the precursor and activating agent, respectively. AC has been prepared with different IL concentration (1% and 10%) at 500°C and 800°C for 2 hours. Sample AC2 shows the highest SBET and VT which are 392.8927 m2/g and 0.2059 cm3/g respectively. The surface morphology of synthesized AC can be clearly seen through FESEM analysis. A high concentration of IL in sample AC10 contributed to blockage of pores by the IL. On the other hand, the performance of synthesized AC for CO2 adsorption capacity also studied by using static volumetric technique at 1 bar and 25°C. Sample AC2 contributed the highest CO2 uptakes which is 50.783 cm3/g. This current work shows that the use of low concentration IL as an activating agent has the potential to produce porous AC, which offers low-cost, green technology as well as promising application towards CO2 capture.

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Faisal Taha ◽  
Ahmad S. Rosman ◽  
Maizatul S. Shaharun
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Adsorption Studies ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Equilibrium Data

The potential of rice husk-based activated carbon as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution was investigated. Rice husk-based activated carbon was preparedviachemical activation process using NaOH followed by the carbonization process at 500°C. Morphological analysis was conducted using field-emission scanning electron microscope /energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM/EDX) on three samples, i.e. raw rice husk, rice husk treated with NaOH and rice husk-based activated carbon. These three samples were also analyzed for their C, H, N, O and Si contents using CHN elemental analyzer and FESEM/EDX. The textural properties of rice husk-based activated carbon, i.e. surface area (253 m2/g) and pore volume (0.17 cm2/g), were determined by N2adsorption. The adsorption studies using rice husk-based activated carbon as an adsorbent to remove Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution were carried out at a fixed initial concentration of Pb (II) ion (150 ppm) with varying adsorbent dose as a function of contact time at room temperature. The concentration of Pb (II) ion was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution increased from 35 % to 82 % when the amount of rice husk-based activated carbon was increased from 0.05 g to 0.30 g. The equilibrium data obtained from adsorption studies was found to fit both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Waste Rubber Tires: A Comparison between Physical and Chemical Activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Glen Joseph ◽  
Duduku Krishniah ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Masnah Massuanna ◽  
Jessica William
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Waste tires, which are an abundant waste product of the automobile industry, were used to prepare activated carbon by means of physical and chemical activation. A two-stage process was used, with a semi-carbonization stage as the first stage, followed by an activation stage as the second stage.All experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale muffle furnace under static conditions in a self-generated atmosphere. During this process, the effects of the parametric variables of semi-carbonization time (for the physical activation process), activation time and temperature and impregnation ratios (for the chemical activation process) on the percentage yield were studied and compared. Varying these parametric variables yielded interesting results, which in turn affected the adsorption process of 2,4-DCP, which was the simulated pollutant in aqueous form. The optimized percentage yields of activated carbon that were obtained were 41.55% and 44.88% ofthe physical and chemical activation treatment processes respectively.Keywords: Physical activation, chemical activation, waste rubber tires, 2,4-dichlorophenol, activated carbon.

Preparation of Activated Carbon Monolith Electrodes from Sugarcane Bagasse by Physical and Physical-Chemical Activation Process for Supercapacitor Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erman Taer ◽  
Iwantono ◽  
Saidul Tua Manik ◽  
R. Taslim ◽  
D. Dahlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Carbon Monolith ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Activated Carbon Monoliths

Binderless activated carbon monoliths (ACMs) for supercapacitor electrodes were prepared from sugarcane bagasse by two different methods of physical and combination of physical-chemical activation process. The CO2 gas was used as physical activation agent and 0.3 M KOH was chosen as chemical activation agent. The ACMs were tested as electrodes in two-electrode systems of the coin tape cell supercapacitor that consists of stainless steel as current collectors and 1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The improving of resistive, capacitive and energy properties of combination of physical-chemical ACMs electrodes were shown by an impedance spectroscopy, a cyclic voltammetry and a galvanostatic charge-discharge method. The improving of resistive, capacitive and energy properties as high as 1 to 0.6 Ω, 146 to 178 F g-1, 3.83 to 4.72 W h kg-1, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis and field emission scanning electron microscope were performed to characterize the crystallite and morphology characteristics. The results showed that the combination of physical-chemical activation process have given a good improving in performance of the bagasse based ACMs electrodes in supercapacitor application.

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Materials Prepared by Chemical Activation of Tomato Paste Waste: The Effects of Activator Type and Impregnation Ratio

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgul Ozbay ◽  
Adife Seyda Yargic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomato Paste

Activated carbons were prepared by carbonization of tomato paste processing industry waste at 500°C followed by chemical activation with KOH, K2CO3, and HCl in N2 atmosphere at low temperature (500°C). The effects of different activating agents and impregnation ratios (25, 50, and 100 wt.%) on the materials’ characteristics were examined. Precursor, carbonized tomato waste (CTW), and activated carbons were characterized by using ultimate and proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, point of zero charge measurements (pHPZC), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Activation process improved pore formation and changed activated carbons’ surface characteristics. Activated carbon with the highest surface area (283 m3/g) was prepared by using 50 wt.% KOH as an activator. According to the experimental results, tomato paste waste could be used as an alternative precursor to produce low-cost activated carbon.

scholarly journals Effect of Media Properties on Performance of Sand Filtration for Drain Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. I. Ismail ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ismail ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Tarek I. M. Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter

In an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low cost solution such as sand filter along with/ without other filtration media have been used in this research, As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Only sand compared with sand with sponge and sand with Liyan Nanfang activated carbon (L.N.A.C) have been tested to find the optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio &optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with sponge gave the best removal efficiency compared to that of the sand only and the sand mixed with L.N.A.C. The results presented that the concentration of CODt, CODsol and TSS was reduced from 125, 47 and 162 mg/l to 44, 34 and 28 mg/l respectively at optimum infiltration rate of 2 m3/m2/d for sand mixed with sponge.

scholarly journals The Adsorption Mechanism of Activated Carbon and Its Application - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Muzarpar ◽  
A. M. Leman
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Production Face

Activated carbon (AC) was recognized by many researchers as useful substance in adsorption of impurities. Several processes involved in the production of AC which were carbonization, crushing, and activation process. Carbonization of carbon required high temperature up to 900oC. Then the carbon will be crush to a desired size for activation process. Activation of carbon can be either chemical activation, physical activation or combination of chemical and physical activation which called physiochemical activation. The mechanism adsorption of AC commonly due to its micropore present in the carbon or the weak vander waals forces which can attract the impurities. Activated carbon have multiple function in human daily life. This study will be discuss the function of AC in the production face mask, water filtration and air filtration.

Cr3+-doped Li3VO4 for enhanced Li+ storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Guisheng Liang ◽  
Xingxing Jin ◽  
Cihui Huang ◽  
Lijie Luo ◽  
Yongjun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
High Specific Capacity ◽  
Safe Working

Li3VO4 has gained significant attention as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high specific capacity, low cost and safe working potential. Unfortunately, its disappointing electronic conductivity limits its rate performance. To address this problem, a series of Cr[Formula: see text]-doped Li3VO4 compounds are synthesized by solid-state reaction. The obtained Li[Formula: see text]Cr[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text]O4 compounds ([Formula: see text] and 0.02) have the same orthorhombic crystal structure (Pnm21 space group), suggesting the successful Cr[Formula: see text] doping in Li3VO4. Compared with Li3VO4, Li[Formula: see text]Cr[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text]O4 exhibits a two orders of magnitude larger electronic conductivity. Additional benefits of the Cr[Formula: see text] doping include the increase of the Li[Formula: see text] diffusion coefficient and the decrease of the particle size. Consequently, Li[Formula: see text]Cr[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text]O4 displays not only a large reversible capacity (363[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] at 60[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text] and superior cyclic stability (86.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1200[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text] but also decent rate performance (147[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] at 1200[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text].

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