Antioxidant effects of Curcuma longa and its active constituent, curcumin, for the therapy of neurological disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Bibi Marjan Razavi ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

scholarly journals Curcumin Attenuates Lead-Induced Cerebellar Toxicity in Rats via Chelating Activity and Inhibition of Oxidative Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabeer Abubakar ◽  
Maryam Muhammad Mailafiya ◽  
Abubakar Danmaigoro ◽  
Samaila Musa Chiroma ◽  
Ezamin Bin Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Chelating Activity ◽  
Histological Architecture ◽  
Pb Concentration

Lead (Pb) is a toxic, environmental heavy metal that induces serious clinical defects in all organs, with the nervous system being its primary target. Curcumin is the main active constituent of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the therapeutic potentials of curcumin on Pb-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups with 12 rats in the control (normal saline) and 6 rats in each of groups, i.e., the lead-treated group (LTG) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks), recovery group (RC) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks), treatment group 1 (Cur100) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks, followed by 100 mg/kg curcumin for four weeks) and treatment group 2 (Cur200) (50 mg/kg lead acetate for four weeks, followed by 200 mg/kg curcumin for four weeks). All experimental groups received oral treatment via orogastric tube on alternate days. Motor function was assessed using a horizontal bar method. The cerebellar concentration of Pb was evaluated using ICP-MS technique. Pb-administered rats showed a significant decrease in motor scores and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity with increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In addition, a marked increase in cerebellar Pb concentration and alterations in the histological architecture of the cerebellar cortex layers were recorded. However, treatment with curcumin improved the motor score, reduced Pb concentration in the cerebellum, and ameliorated the markers of oxidative stress, as well as restored the histological architecture of the cerebellum. The results of this study suggest that curcumin attenuates Pb-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress and chelating activity.

scholarly journals Curcumin effect on non-amyloidogenic pathway for preventing Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4085-4089 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Aβ Generation

Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition is a pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that is characterized by dementia. Therapies approaches affecting Aβ synthesis and accumulation are necessary for improving AD. The present review, as the future prospective study, focuses on the possible effect of curcumin on the non-amyloidogenic pathways for inhibiting the Aβ plaque in AD. Activators of non-amyloidogenic pathways emerge as a novel strategy in attenuating Aβ. Drugs and natural compounds can affect neurotrophic signaling pathways including protein kinase C (PKC), tyrosine kinase (TK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, and Ca2+ signaling as wells serotonergic and acetylcholine systems, resulting to stimulate nonamyloidogenic pathways. Curcumin, active constituent of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), has a potent effect against AD through prevention Aβ generation and deposition. With attention to the effect of curcumin on the molecular mechanism behind the nonamyloidogenic pathways, we suggest designing more studies to identify curcumin as a therapeutic restricting AD agent via its impact on the non-amyloidogenic pathway.

Curcumin, the main active constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), induces apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells by modulating the abundance of apoptosis-related growth factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Jun He ◽  
Kenny Kuchta ◽  
Xia Lv ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Guo-Rong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Apoptosis Index ◽  
Apoptotic Factors

Abstract In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of curcumin against hepatic fibrosis, cultured rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC) (HSC-T6) were incubated with curcumin for 24 h, after which apoptosis was measured by flow-cytometry. The protein levels of the pro-apoptotic factors Fas and p53b as well as of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were monitored by immunocytochemical ABC staining after incubation with curcumin for 24 h. In the case of 20 μM curcumin, not only was the respective apoptosis index increased, but also the abundance of the pro-apoptotic factors Fas and p53 were amplified, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 decreased. All these effects were highly reproducible (P<0.05). Consequently, curcumin has an up-regulating effect on pro-apoptotic factors like Fas and p53 as well as a down-regulating effect of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, thus inducing apoptosis in HSC.

scholarly journals Production of Curcuminoids in Different in vitro Organs of Curcuma longa

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pistelli ◽  
Alessandra Bertoli ◽  
Federica Gelli ◽  
Laura Bedini ◽  
Barbara Ruffoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Primary Explants ◽  
In Vitro Shoots ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Significant Production

Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is one of the most important spice and safe food additives. Its main constituents, curcuminoids, showed anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant effects. In the present work, an in vitro propagation method was developed to achieve selected plant organs with quantified curcuminoid content. I n vitro plants were obtained from sprouting buds as primary explants. The major curcuminoid constituents, such as curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DEM), and bis-demethoxycurcumin (bis-DEM) were examined in different organs by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. A significant production of curcumin (more than 260 μg g−1 fresh weight) was obtained from in vitro microrhizomes, especially grown in a Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with kinetin (0.1 mg L−1), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 1 mg L−1), sucrose (6%), agar (5%) and activated charcoal (0.1%). The analyzed microrhizomes showed reduced amounts of DEM and bis-DEM in comparison with CUR levels. In addition a shoot culture line was suitable to biosynthesize curcuminoids, in a ratio very similar to that identified in the fresh rhizomes of parent plants. This study represents the first direct quantification of curcuminoids in turmeric in vitro shoots and microrhizomes to be used in dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Oral Curcumin With Piperine as Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti S Pawar ◽  
Rahul N Mastud ◽  
Satheesh K Pawar ◽  
Samragni S Pawar ◽  
Rahul R Bhoite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has a wide range of pathophysiological effects. Curcumin, an active constituent of Curcuma longa (turmeric), has several properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-thrombotic, and anti-proliferative effects, which make it a promising candidate for the symptomatic treatment of COVID-19.Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of curcumin administered with piperine (to optimize absorption) on symptoms in patients with COVID-19 in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial at a 30-bed dedicated COVID Health Center (DCHC) in Maharashtra, India.Methods: In addition to conventional COVID-19 treatment, patients in the control group received a dose of probiotics twice a day, and patients in the study group received curcumin (525 mg) with piperine (2.5 mg) in tablet form twice a day. The effects of curcumin/piperine treatment on primary and secondary outcomes were assessed for the duration of hospitalization.Results: Patients with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms who received curcumin/piperine treatment showed early symptomatic recovery (fever, cough, sore throat, and breathlessness), less deterioration, fewer red flag signs, better ability to maintain oxygen saturation above 94% on room air, and better clinical outcomes compared to patients of the control group. Furthermore, curcumin/piperine treatment appeared to reduce the duration of hospitalization in patients with moderate to severe symptoms, and fewer deaths were observed in the curcumin/piperine treatment group.Conclusions: Administration of oral curcumin with piperine as an adjuvant symptomatic therapy in COVID-19 treatment could substantially reduce morbidity and mortality, and ease the logistical and supply-related burdens on the healthcare system. Curcumin could be a safe and natural therapeutic option to prevent Post-Covid thromboembolic events.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:CTRI/2020/05/025482

scholarly journals Antiviral activities of curcumin and 6‐gingerol against infection of four dengue virus serotypes in A549 human cell line in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Jonathan Alvin Nugraha Halim ◽  
Stefanie Natalia Halim ◽  
Dionisius Denis ◽  
Sotianingsih Haryanto ◽  
Edi Dharmana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Denv Serotypes

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus causing dengue disease epidemics in tropical and subtropical regions. Nature provides abundant plants as a source for lead molecules against various diseases including DENV infection. We investigated the antiviral effect of curcumin and 6‐gingerol, the major active constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), respectively, against all four serotypes of DENV infecting human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cell line in vitro. Both compounds generated cell cytotoxicity to A549 cells at CC50 values of 108 µM for curcumin and 210 µM for 6‐gingerol. The compound curcumin showed antiviral properties as described by IC50 of 20.60, 13.95, 25.54, and 12.35 µM, while 6‐gingerol of 14.70, 14.17, 78.76, and 112.84 µM for DENV‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4, respectively. Different levels of antiviral properties were observed between DENV serotypes. Our findings suggest that the antiviral assay of compounds against DENV should be performed to all four serotypes and not limited to a particular serotype. In conclusion, curcumin and 6‐gingerol exhibit antiviral properties against DENV infection and could provide a new therapeutic approach for dengue disease treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Fisetin Rescues the Mice Brains Against D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareer Ahmad ◽  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Waqar Ali ◽  
Myeung Hoon Jo ◽  
Junsung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Herein, we have evaluated the protective potentials of Fisetin against d-galactose-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and memory impairment in mice. d-galactose (D-gal) causes neurological impairment by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, whereas fisetin (Fis) is a natural flavonoid having potential antioxidant effects, and has been used against different models of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the normal mice were injected with D-gal (100 mg/kg/day for 60 days) and fisetin (20 mg/kg/day for 30 days). To elucidate the protective effects of fisetin against d-galactose induced oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation, we conducted western blotting, biochemical, behavioral, and immunofluorescence analyses. According to our findings, D-gal induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunctions, and cognitive impairment. Conversely, Fisetin prevented the D-gal-mediated ROS accumulation, by regulating the endogenous anti-oxidant mechanisms, such as Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling, suppressed the activated p-JNK/NF-kB pathway, and its downstream targets, such as inflammatory cytokines. Hence, our results together with the previous reports suggest that Fisetin may be beneficial in age-related neurological disorders.

Curcumin Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Improved Topical Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Ex-vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhumika Kumar ◽  
P.K. Sahoo ◽  
Satish Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Transdermal Penetration ◽  
Drug Solution

Background: Curcumin is a curcuminoid which is an active constituent of turmeric and is obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, family Zingiberaceae. Curcumin modulates the activity of various transcription factors and regulates the expression of inflammatory enzymes, cell survival proteins, adhesion molecules and cytokines by binding to a variety of proteins and inhibiting the activity of various kinases. Curcumin falls in the BCS class IV drug, with poor solubility and poor permeability which makes it very challenging in utilizing the maximum therapeutic potential of this moiety. Objective: The major aim of the study was to enhance transdermal penetration of curcumin via ethosomal gel and to overcome the barriers of poor permeability of transdermal drug delivery. Methods: Curcumin loaded ethosomes were prepared with varying quantities of ethanol and soya lecithin by cold method and were optimised based on entrapment efficiency, vesicular size and Ex-vivo studies. Optimised ethosomal formulation was further incorporated into a gel and was evaluated. Ex-vivo studies were performed with the ethosomal gel of curcumin and was compared with simple drug solution. Result: Prepared ethosomal system showed a vesicle size ranging from 211 to 320 nm with spherical, smooth surface and entrapment efficiency of 87 to 91%. Optimised ethosomal system (ET3) was incorporated into gel and was further evaluated. Conclusion: The findings of the research work suggested that the ethosomal gel holds an excellent potential for transdermal delivery of curcumin.

Curcumin Therapeutic Modulation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Zahra Ahmadi ◽  
Reza Mohamamdinejad ◽  
Habib Yaribeygi ◽  
Maria-Corina Serban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Cancer Côlon ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Curcumin, isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is one of the most extensively studied phytochemicals. This natural compound has a variety of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, cardio-protective, hepato-protective and anti-diabetic. Wnt signaling pathway, one of the potential targets of curcumin through upregulation and/or downregulation, plays a significant role in many diseases, even in embryogenesis and development of various organs and systems. In order to exert an anti-tumor activity in the organism, curcumin seems to inhibit the Wnt pathway. The downstream mediators of Wnt signaling pathway such as c-Myc and cyclin D1 are also modified by curcumin. This review demonstrates how curcumin influences the Wnt signaling pathway and is beneficial for the treatment of neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases), cancers (melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, endothelial carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma) and other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or bone disorders.

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